Imperial, royal and noble ranks

Traditional rank amongst European royalty, peers, and nobility is rooted in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Although they vary over time and between geographic regions (for example, one region's prince might be equal to another's grand duke), the following is a reasonably comprehensive list that provides information on both general ranks and specific differences.

Ranks and titles

Sovereign

Main articles: Monarch and Sovereign

• The word monarch is derived from the Greek μονάρχης, monárkhēs, "sole ruler" (from μόνος, mónos, "single" or "sole", and ἄρχων, árkhōn, archon, "leader", "ruler", "chief", the word being the present participle of the verb ἄρχειν, árkhein, "to rule", "to lead", this from the noun ὰρχή, arkhē, "beginning", "authority", "principle") through the Latinized form monarcha.
• The word sovereign is derived from the vulgar Latin superanus "chief, principal," from the Latin super "over".
• Autocrat is derived from the Greek αὐτοκράτωρ: αὐτός ("self") and κρατείν ("to hold power"), and may be translated as "one who rules by himself".

Common Titles for European and Near Eastern Monarchs

Note that many titles listed may also be used by lesser nobles - non-sovereigns - depending on the historical period and state. The sovereign titles listed below are grouped together into categories roughly according to their degree of dignity; these being: imperial, high royal, royal, others (princely, ducal, more), and religious.

Imperial titles

• Emperor, from the Latin Imperator, meaning "commander" or "one who commands." In English, the feminine form is Empress (the Latin is imperatrix). The realm of an emperor or empress is termed an Empire. Alternate words meaning Emperor, include:
  • Caesar, the appellation of Roman emperors derived from the Roman dictator Julius Caesar, whose great-nephew and adopted son Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus became the first emperor of Rome. Augustus' four successors were each made the adoptive son of his predecessor, and were therefore legally entitled to use "Caesar" as a constituent of their names; after Nero, however, the familial link of the Julio-Claudian dynasty was disrupted and use of the word Caesar continued as a title only.
  • Csar / Czar / Tsar / Tzar, derived from Caesar, primarily used in Russian and Slavic countries.
  • Kaiser, derived from Caesar, primarily used in Germanic countries.
  • Perandor, derived from Imperator, used in Albania.
  • Basileus, from Mycenaean Greek meaning "chieftain", later used for the Roman emperors of the Byzantine period.

• Samraat (Sanskrit: samrāṭ or सम्राज् samrāj) is an Ancient Indian title sometimes translated into modern English as "Emperor". The feminine form is Samrãjñī.

• King of Kings mostly used in Christian contexts to denote Jesus Christ or the Christian Roman emperors of the Late Empire and Byzantine periods.
  • Shahanshah, literally "King of Kings" a corruption of the Middle Persian šāhān šāh, meaning"King's King." Used in Persia, the Ottoman Empire, and surrounding countries.
  • Nəgusä Nägäst, title of the Emperors of Ethiopia, meaning "King of Kings".
  • Mepe-Mepeta, Georgian for "King of Kings."
  • Khagan, derived from Khan of Khans, meaning king of kings in the Mongol Empire and successor states.

High royal titles

• High King, A king who rules over lesser kings.
  • Mahārāja, Sanskrit for a "great king" or "high king".
  • Padishah, Persian pād "master" and shāh "king"
  • Anax, from Mycenaean wanax for "High King". Outranked Basileus in Mycenaean usage.
  • Nam-Lugal High kings of ancient Sumer (Mesopotamia).
  • Pharaoh, used in Ancient Egypt to denote the High kings of the upper and lower kingdoms of the Nile river valley.
  • Ard Rí, Gaelic for high king, most notably used for high kings of Ireland and high kings of Scotland.
  • Bretwalda, high kings of Anglo-Saxon England.
• Yang di-Pertuan Agong, in Malaysia, is the king's title, and means "He who is made supreme lord" Generally rendered a king, the position is elected among the nine kingdoms, so may properly be classed a high king.
• Lamane, "master of the land" or "chief owner of the soil" in old Serer language were the ancient kings and landed gentry of the Serer people found in Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania. The title was inherited from father to son. The Lamanes were guardians of Serer religion and many of them have been canonized as Holy Saints (Pangool). Preceded by non.

Royal titles

• King, from the Germanic *kuningaz, roughly meaning "son of the people." (See: Germanic kingship) The realm of a King is termed a Kingdom (sovereign kings are ranked above vassal kings)
  • Rex Latin for "ruler." Cognate with Raja, Rí, Reign, Regina, etc.
  • Raja, Indian for "ruler.". Cognate with Latin Rex, Gaelic Rí, etc.
  • Rí, Gaelic title meaning king, of which there were several grades, the highest being Ard Rí (High king). Cognate with Indian Raja, Latin Rex, and ancient Gaulish rix.
  • Khan, from the Turko-Mongol word for "lord," like Duke it was originally a military rank. A Khan's realm is called a Khanate.
  • Shah, Persian word for king, form Indo-European for "he who rules"
  • Sultan, from Arabic for "has power."
  • Malik, Arabic for King.
  • Lakan, Fillipino title (mostly for the Island of Luzon) which, together with the term "Datu" of Visayas and Mindanao, is used as an equivalent to Raja, and therefore, to King or sovereign Prince.
  • Tuanku, the title of the kings of the nine Royal states of Malaysia; all princes and princesses of the Royal Families also receive the appellation Tengku,
  • Maad a Sinig, King of Sine, a pre-colonial kingdom of the Serer people. From the old Serer title "Maad" (king).
  • Maad Saloum, King of Saloum, a pre-colonial kingdom of the Serer people.
  • Teigne, King of Baol, previously a pre-colonial Serer kingdom.

• Queen, from the Germanic *kwoeniz, or *kwenon, "wife"; cognate of Greek γυνή, gynē, "woman"; from PIE *gʷḗn, "woman". The female equivalent of a King, or the consort of a King; a Queen's realm is also a kingdom.
  • Rani, Indian for Queen. See Raja, above.
  • Shahbanu, Persian for Queen. See Shah, above.
  • Sultana, Arab for Queen. See Sultan, above.
  • Ratu, Indochinese term for Queen, derived from Raja
  • Diyan, Filipino feminine equivalent of "Datu"
  • Hara , Filipino feminine equivalent of "Raha"
  • Bai , Filipino feminine equivalent of a prince.

Princely, ducal, and other sovereign titles

• Prince, from the Latin princeps, meaning "first citizen". The feminine form is Princess. Variant forms include the German Fürst.
• Morza A Tartar title usually translated as "prince," it ranked below a Khan. The title was borrowed from Persian and Indian appellation Mirza added to the names of certain nobles, which itself derived from Emir.
  • Ginoo Filipino term, equivalent to noble man or prince.(During ancient times)
• Despot, Greek for "lord, master", initially an appellation for the Byzantine emperor, later the senior court title, awarded to sons and close relatives of the emperor. In the 13th-15th centuries borne by autonomous and independent rulers in the Balkans.
• Duke, from the Latin Dux, meaning "leader," a military rank in the late Roman Empire. Variant forms include Doge, and Duce; it has also been modified into Archduke (meaning "chief" Duke), Grand Duke (literally "large," or "big" Duke), Vice Duke ("deputy" Duke), etc. The female equivalent is Duchess
• Emir, often rendered Amir in older English usage; from the Arabic "to command." The female form is Emira (Amirah). Emir is the root of the English military rank "Admiral."
• Bey, or Beg/Baig, Turkish for "Chieftain."
• Buumi, first in line to the throne in Serer pre-colonial kingdoms.
• Thilas, second in line to the throne in Serer pre-colonial kingdoms.
• Loul, third in line to the throne in Serer country.

Religious titles

• Pope (also "Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church and Vicar of Christ"); once wielding substantial secular power as the ruler of the Papal States and holder of various fiefs, the Pope is also the absolute ruler of the sovereign state Vatican City
• Caliph, was the ruler of the caliphate, an Islamic title indicating the successor to Muhammad. Originally both a religious and a secular leader in the mode of the medieval Popes.
• Saltigue, the high priests and priestesses of the Serer people. They are the diviners in Serer religion.

Other sovereigns, royals, peerage, and nobility

Main articles: Royal family, Peerage, and Nobility

Several ranks were widely used (for more than a thousand years in Europe alone) for both sovereign rulers and non-sovereigns. Additional knowledge about the territory and historic period is required to know whether the rank holder was a sovereign or non-sovereign. However, joint precedence among rank holders often greatly depended on whether a rank holder was sovereign, whether of the same rank or not. This situation was most widely exemplified by the Holy Roman Empire (HRE) in Europe. Almost all of the following ranks were commonly both sovereign and non-sovereign within the HRE. Outside of the HRE, the most common sovereign rank of these below was that of Prince. Within the HRE, those holding the following ranks who were also sovereigns had (enjoyed) what was known as an immediate relationship with the Emperor. Those holding non-sovereign ranks held only a mediate relationship (meaning that the civil hierarchy upwards was mediated by one or more intermediaries between the rank holder and the Emperor).

Titles

• Archduke, ruler of an archduchy; was generally only a sovereign rank when used by the rulers of Austria; it was also used by the Habsburgs of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Empire, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire for members of the imperial family; it was also used for those ruling some Habsburg territories such as those that became the modern BeNeLux (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg) nations
• Grand Prince, ruler of a grand principality; a title primarily used in the medieval Russian principalities; it was also used by the Romanovs of the Russian Empire for members of the imperial family
• Duke, ruler of a duchy, also for junior members of ducal and some grand ducal families
• Prince, Prinz in German; junior members of a royal, ducal or princely family (the title of Fürst for heads of princely families and sometimes all members, e.g. Wrede)
  • In particular Crown Prince, Kronprinz in German, was reserved for the heir apparent of an emperor or king
• Dauphin, title of the crown prince of the royal family of France
• Infante, title of the cadet members of the royal families of Portugal and Spain
• Elector, Kurfürst in German, a rank for those who voted for the Holy Roman Emperor, usually sovereign of a state (e.g. the Margrave of Brandenburg, an elector, called the Elector of Brandenburg)
• Marquess, Margrave, or Marquis was the ruler¹ of a marquessate, margraviate, or march
• Landgrave, a German title, ruler of a landgraviate
• Count, theoretically the ruler of a county; known as an Earl in modern Britain
• Viscount (vice-count), theoretically the ruler of a viscounty or viscountcy
• Freiherr, holder of an allodial barony – these are "higher" level of barons
• Baron, theoretically the ruler of a barony – some barons in some countries may have been "free barons" (liber baro) and as such, regarded (themselves) as higher barons

Regarding the titles of duke and prince: in Germany, a sovereign duke (Herzog) outranks a sovereign prince (Fürst), but a royal cadet prince (Prinz) outranks a cadet duke of a ducal or grand ducal family. In the German nobility as well, being created a duke was a higher honour than being created a prince. The issue of a duke were sometimes styled as dukes or as princes; princely issue were styled as princes. In particular, the heir apparent to a certain title would usually append the prefix Erb- (hereditary) to their respective title, e.g. Erbherzog, Erbprinz, Erbgraf, Erbherr etc., to distinguish from their junior siblings.

Aristocracy and gentry

Main articles: Aristocracy (class) and Gentry

Titles

• Baronet is an hereditary title ranking below Baron but above Knight; this title is granted only in the British Isles
• Dominus was the Latin title of the feudal, superior and mesne, lords, and also an ecclesiastical and academical title (equivalent of Lord)
• Vidame, a minor French aristocrat
• Seigneur or Knight of the Manor rules a smaller local fief
• Knight is the basic rank of the aristocratic system
• Patrician is an Italian title of nobility ranking between that of a knight and an esquire; it was only granted in the Italian aristocratic city republics
• Fidalgo or Hidalgo is a minor Portuguese and Spanish aristocrat (respectively; from filho d'algo = filho d'alguém = son of someone [noble])
• Nobile (aristocracy) is an Italian title of nobility for prestigious families that never received a title
• Principalía the aristocratic class of Filipino nobles, through whom the Spanish Monarchs ruled the Philippines during the colonial period (c. 1600's to 1898).
• Jonkheer is a title for prestigious Dutch families that never received a title, so instead a new title was invented; Though these titles have no claim to a territory, city, or province in the Netherlands, they are basically claiming a good family name; A woman who holds this title is called a Jonkvrouw, though the wife of a Jonkheer is a Mevrouw or sometimes Freule, which could also be used by daughters of the same
• Esquire is a rank of gentry originally derived from Squire and indicating the status of an attendant to a knight or an apprentice knight; it ranked below Knight but above Gentleman
• Gentleman is the basic rank of gentry, historically primarily associated with land or manoral lords; within British Commonwealth nations it is also roughly equivalent to some lower nobility of some continental European nations

In Germany, the constitution of the Weimar Republic in 1919 abolished nobility and all nobility titles. They are now merely part of the family name, and there is no more right to the traditional forms of address (e.g., "Hoheit" or "Durchlaucht"). The last title was conferred on 12 November 1918 to Kurt von Klefeld. The actual rank of the holder of a title in Germany was dependent on not only the title, but also on other factors such as the degree of sovereignty and the rank of the lord of the title-holder. Such matters as the age of the princely dynasty also play a role (Uradel, Briefadel, altfürstliche, neufürstliche, see: German nobility). Thus, any sovereign ruler is higher than any formerly sovereign, i.e. mediatized, family of any rank (thus, the Fürst of Waldeck, sovereign until 1918, was higher than the Duke of Arenberg, mediatized). Members of a formerly sovereign house rank higher than the regular nobility. Among the regular nobility, those whose titles derive from the Holy Roman Empire rank higher than those whose titles were granted by one of the German princes after 1806, regardless of what title was held.

In Austria, nobility titles may no longer be used since 1918.

In Switzerland, nobility titles are prohibited and are not recognized as part of the family name.

General chart of "translations" between languages

Below is a comparative table of corresponding royal and noble titles in various European countries. Quite often, a Latin 3rd declension noun formed a distinctive feminine title by adding -issa to its base, but usually the 3rd declension noun was used for both male and female nobles, except for Imperator and Rex. 3rd declension nouns are italicized in this chart. See Royal and noble styles to learn how to address holders of these titles properly.

English	Latin	French	Italian	Portuguese	Spanish	German	Dutch	Danish	Norwegian	Swedish	Finnish	Czech	Slovak	Polish	Russian	Greek	Slovene	Welsh	Turkish	Maltese	Hungarian	English
Emperor, Empress	Imperator/Caesar, Imperatrix/Caesarina	Empereur, Impératrice	Imperatore, Imperatrice	Imperador, Imperatriz	Emperador, Emperatriz	Kaiser, Kaiserin	Keizer, Keizerin	Kejser, Kejserinde	Keiser, Keiserinne	Kejsare, Kejsarinna	Keisari, Keisarinna (or Keisaritar, obsolete)	Císař, Císařovna	Cisár, Cisárovná	Cesarz, Cesarzowa	Imperator/Tsar, Imperatritsa/Tsaritsa	Aftokrator, Aftokratira	Cesar, Cesarica	Ymerawdwr, Ymerodres	İmparator, İmparatoriçe	Imperatur, Imperatriċi	Császár, császárnő	Emperor, Empress
King, Queen	Rex, Regina	Roi, Reine	Re, Regina	Rei, Rainha	Rey, Reina	König, Königin	Koning, Koningin	Konge Dronning	Konge, Dronning	Kung, Drottning	Kuningas, Kuningatar	Král, Královna	Kráľ, Kráľovná	Król, Królowa	Koról/Tsar, Koroléva/Tsaritsa	Vasilefs, Vasilissa	Kralj, Kraljica	Brenin, Brenhines	Kral, Kraliçe	Re, Reġina	Király, királynő	King, Queen
Grand Duke/Grand Prince, Grand Duchess/Grand Princess	Magnus Dux/ Magnus Princeps, magna ducissa, magna principissa	Grand Duc, Grande Duchesse	Granduca, Granduchessa	Grão-Duque, Grã-Duquesa	Gran Duque, Gran Duquesa	Großherzog/Großfürst, Großherzogin/Großfürstin	Groothertog, Groothertogin	Storhertug, Storhertuginde	Storhertug, Storhertuginne	Storfurste, Storfurstinna	Suuriruhtinas, Suuriruhtinatar	Velkovévoda, Velkovévodkyně	Veľkovojvoda, Veľkovojvodkyňa	Wielki Książę, Wielka Księżna	Velikiy Knyaz, Velikaya Kniagina	Megas Doux, Megali Doukissa	Veliki vojvoda, Velika vojvodinja	Archddug, Archdduges	Grandük, Grandüşes	Gran Duka, Gran Dukessa	Nagyherceg, fejedelem, vajda nagyhercegnő, fejedelemasszony, -	Grand Duke/Grand Prince, Grand Duchess/Grand Princess
Viceroy, Vicereine	Prorex, Proregina	Viceroi, Vicereine	Viceré, Viceregina	Vice-rei, Vice-rainha	Virrey, Virreina	Vizekönig, Vizekönigin	Onderkoning, Onderkoningin	Vizekonge, Vizedronning	Visekonge, Visedronning	Visekung, Visedrottning				Wicekról, Wicekrólowa	Vitse-koról, Vitse-koroléva	Anti-Vasilefs, Anti-Vasilissa	Podkralj, Podkraljica				Alkirály, alkirálynő	Viceroy, Vicereine
Archduke, Archduchess	Archidux, archiducissa	Archiduc, Archiduchesse	Arciduca, Arciduchessa	Arquiduque, Arquiduquesa;	Archiduque, Archiduquesa	Erzherzog, Erzherzogin	Aartshertog, Aartshertogin	Ærke Hertug, Ærke Hertuginde	Erkehertug, Erkehertuginne	Ärkehertig, ärkehertiginna	Arkkiherttua, Arkkiherttuatar	Arcivévoda, Arcivévodkyně	Arcivojvoda, Arcivojvodkyňa	Arcyksiążę Arcyksiężna	Ertsgertsog, Ertsgertsoginya	Archidoux, Archidoukissa	Nadvojvoda, Nadvojvodinja	Archddug, Archdduges	Arşidük, Arşidüşes	Arċiduka, Arċidukessa	Főherceg, főhercegnő	Archduke, Archduchess
(Prince)-Elector, Electress	Princeps Elector	Prince-électeur, Princesse-électrice	Principe Elettore, Principessa Electrice	Príncipe-Eleitor, Princesa-Eleitora;	Príncipe Elector, Princesa Electora;	Kurfürst, Kurfürstin	Keurvorst, Keurvorstin	Kurfyrste, Kurfystinde	Kurfyrste, Kurfyrstinne	Kurfurste Kurfurstinna	Vaaliruhtinas, Vaaliruhtinatar	Kurfiřt	Kurfirst/Knieža voliteľ/Knieža volič	Książę Elektor, Księżna Elektorowa	Kurfyurst, Kurfyurstina	Pringkips-Eklektor Pringkipissa-Eklektorissa	Volilni knez, Volilna kneginja		Veliaht Prens, Veliaht Prenses	Prinċep Elettur, Prinċipessa Elettriċi	Választófejedelem, (választófejedelemnő)	(Prince)-Elector, Electress
Prince, Princess	Princeps, principissa	Prince, Princesse	Principe, Principessa	Príncipe, Princesa	Príncipe, Princesa	Prinz/Fürst, Prinzessin/Fürstin	Prins/Vorst, Prinses/Vorstin	Prins/Fyrste Prinsesse/Fyrstinde	Prins/Fyrste, Prinsesse/Fyrstinne	Prins/Furste, Prinsessa/Furstinna	Prinssi/Ruhtinas, Prinsessa/Ruhtinatar	Kníže, Kněžna10	Knieža, Kňažná	Książę, Księżna	Kniaz/Gertsog, Kniagina/Gertsoginya	Pringkips Pringkipissa	Knez, Kneginja	Tywysog, Tywysoges	Prens, Prenses	Prinċep, Prinċipessa	Királyi herceg, királyi hercegnő	Prince, Princess
Duke, Duchess	Dux, ducissa	Duc, Duchesse	Duca, Duchessa	Duque, Duquesa	Duque, Duquesa	Herzog, Herzogin	Hertog, Hertogin	Hertug, Hertuginde	Hertug, Hertuginne	Hertig, hertiginna	Herttua, Herttuatar	Vévoda, Vévodkyně	Vojovda, Vojvodkyňa	Diuk (Książę), (Księżna)		Doukas/archon Doux/archontissa	Vojvoda, Vojvodinja	Dug, Duges	Dük, Düşes	Duka, Dukessa	Herceg, hercegnő	Duke, Duchess
Marquess/Margrave, Marchioness/Margravine	Marchio, marchionissa	Marquis, Marquise	Marchese, Marchesa	Marquês, Marquesa	Marqués, Marquesa	Markgraf, Markgräfin	Markies/Markgraaf, Markiezin/Markgravin	Markis, Markise	Marki, Markise	Markis/markgreve, markisinna/markgrevinna	Markiisi/rajakreivi, Markiisitar/rajakreivitär	Markýz/Markrabě	Markíz, Markíza	Markiz/Margrabia, Markiza/Margrabina	Markiz, Markiza, Boyar, Boyarina	Markissios, Markissia	Markiz, Markiza	Marcwis/Ardalydd, Ardalyddes	Marki, Markiz	Markiż, Markiża	Márki, őrgróf márkinő, őrgrófnő	Marquess/Margrave, Marchioness/Margravine
Earl / Count, Countess	Comes, comitissa	Comte, Comtesse	Conte, Contessa	Conde, Condessa	Conde, Condesa	Graf, Gräfin	Graaf, Gravin	Greve Grevinde, Komtesse	Jarl / Greve, Grevinne	Greve, Grevinna	Kreivi/(brit:)jaarli, Kreivitär	Hrabě, Hraběnka	Gróf, Grófka	Hrabia, Hrabina	Graf, Grafinya	Komis, Komissa	Grof, Grofica	Iarll/Cownt, Iarlles/Cowntes	Kont, Kontes	Konti, Kontessa	Gróf grófnő	Earl / Count, Countess
Viscount, Viscountess	Vicecomes, vicecomitissa	Vicomte, Vicomtesse	Visconte, Viscontessa	Visconde, Viscondessa	Vizconde, Vizcondesa	Vizegraf, Vizegräfin	Burggraaf, Burggravin	Vicegreve, Vicegrevinde/Vicekomtesse	Vikomte/Visegreve, Visegrevinne	Vicomte, Vicomtessa	Varakreivi, Varakreivitär	Vikomt	Vikomt, Vikontesa	Wicehrabia, Wicehrabina	Vikont, Vikontessa	Ypokomis, Ypokomissa	Vikont, Vikontinja	Iarll, Iarlles	Vikont, Vikontes	Viskonti, Viskontessa	Várgróf, vikomt Várgrófnő (vikomtnő)	Viscount, Viscountess
Baron, Baroness	Baro, baronissa	Baron, Baronne	Barone, Baronessa	Barão, Baronesa	Barón, Baronesa	Baron, Herr, Baronin, Frau	Baron, Barones(se)	Baron, Baronesse	Baron, Baronesse	Baron, Herre, Baronessa, Fru	Paroni, Herra, Paronitar, Rouva/ Herratar	Baron, Baronka	Barón, Barónka	Baron, Baronowa	Baron, Baronessa	Varonos, Varoni	Baron, Baronica	Barwn, Barwnes	Baron, Barones	Baruni, Barunessa	Báró, bárónő	Baron, Baroness
Baronet Baronetess		Baronnet	Baronetto	Baronete, Baronetesa;	Baronet		Erfridder	Baronet, Baronetesse			Baronetti, "Herra" (=fiefholder), Herratar	Baronet		Baronet	Baronet	Baronetos, Baroneta	Baronet, Baronetinja	Barwnig, Barwniges	Baronet, Baronetes	Barunett	Baronet, baronetnő	Baronet Baronetess
Knight / Dame	Eques	Chevalier	Cavaliere	Cavaleiro	Caballero	Ritter	Ridder	Ridder	Ridder	Riddare/ Frälseman, Fru	Aatelinen/Ritari style of wife: Rouva	Rytíř	Rytier	Rycerz/ Kawaler	Rytsar	Hippotis	Vitez	Marchog	Şövalye	Kavallier	Lovag (vitéz)	Knight / Dame
Esquire, Gentleman	Nobilis Homo (N.H.)	Ecuyer	Nobile,Nobiluomo	Fidalgo	Escudero, Hidalgo	Junker (Prussia), Edler (Austria), Junkerin, Edle	Jonkheer										Oproda		Bey, Efendi		Nemes, nemesasszony	Esquire, Gentleman

Aristocratic titles in medieval Korea

In the Kingdom of Korea, similarly to the Chinese Empire, there were 7 aristocratic titles:

1. Gun (i.e. Crown Prince),
2. Kung (hereditary prince or Duke),
3. Champan (Marquess),
4. Poguk (Count or Earl),
5. Pansoh (Viscount),
6. Chamise (Baron),
7. Chusa (cca. Baronet).

See also

• Forms of address in the United Kingdom
• Table of Ranks in the Russian Empire
• German comital titles
• Nobility
• Peerage
• Royal and noble styles
• Nobiliary particle
• False titles of nobility

External links

• Hereditary titles
• Unequal and Morganatic Marriages in German Law
• Noble, Princely, Royal, and Imperial Titles
• British noble titles
• Fake titles