Sargodha
| سرگودھا | |
|---|---|
| — City — | |
| Sargodha | |
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| Nickname(s): City of Eagles | |
 سرگودھا
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| Coordinates: 32°5′1″N 72°40′16″E / 32.08361°N 72.67111°ECoordinates: 32°5′1″N 72°40′16″E / 32.08361°N 72.67111°E | |
| Country | Pakistan |
| Province | Punjab |
| District | Sargodha |
| Government | |
| • Administrator | |
| Area | |
| • Total | 5,854 km2 (2,260 sq mi) |
| Population (2012)[1] | |
| • Total | 594,000 |
| • Density | 455/km2 (1,180/sq mi) |
| Time zone | PST (UTC+5) |
| Calling code | 048 |
| Number of towns | 59 |
| Number of union councils | 22 |
Sargodha (Urdu: سرگودها), is administrative center of Sargodha District of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Sargodha is the 11th largest city of Pakistan and 5th largest of Punjab.
Sargodha is located in the north-east of Pakistan. It is known as Pakistan's best citrus-producing area. It is an agricultural trade centre with various industries.[2] Sargodha is one of the few planned cities in Pakistan, the other being Gwadar, Jauharabad, Dera Ghazi Khan, Faisalabad and Islamabad.
Pakistan's largest airbase, PAF Base Mushaf (formerly PAF Base Sargodha), is situated in Sarghoda and hosts the headquarters of the Pakistan Air Force's Central Air Command. The airbase is also home to the Combat Commanders School (CCS), formerly the Fighter Leader's School, an elite training facility for training Pakistan Air Force pilots in fighter tactics and weapons.
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History [edit]
The term Sargodha has its origins in the words Sar, meaning pond (Talab), and Godha, meaning sadhu(Baba).[3][4]
Sargodha was a small town at the beginning of the British Empire but, due to its geographical location, the British Royal Air Force built an airport there. It took on greater importance after the Independence of Pakistan for the Pakistan Air Force. Shahpur, which is now a tehsil of Sargodha District, was the district at that time. Most parts of the tehsil Sillanwali and Kirana Hills region were part of Jhang district and were included later during the British Raj in the Sargodha district.
The 1965 war with India on 6 September 1965 meant the city was a prime target for India, due to the city's close proximity to the neighbouring rival. The citizens of Sargodha supported the Pakistan Army against the advancing of the Indian Army into Pakistan. In 1966, recognising this bravery, the Government of Pakistan awarded the city of Sargodha as well as Sialkot and Lahore with the award of Hilal-E-Istaqlal.
Language [edit]
As per the 1998 census of Pakistan, the following are the demographics of the Sargodha district, by spoken language:
- Punjabi language: 94% [5]
- Other: 6%
Inhabitants of Sargodha District speak a great variety of Punjabi dialects: which are
- Majhi or Standard (in Sargodha city)
- Shapuri (Main dialect of the district)
- Pothohari (Northern borders)
- Jhangvi (southern borders)
Other Languages include:
- Punjabi is mother tongue of few people but being national language is spoken and understood by most of the population.
- English is official language and sole medium of instruction from higher secondary level education. English is understood and spoken by the educated population.
Demographics [edit]
According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the district had a population of 2,665,979, of which 27.96% lived in urban settlements.[6]
Geography and climate [edit]
It is located 172 kilometres northwest of Lahore, in Sargodha District. It lies about 30 miles from the M-2 motorway, which connects Lahore and Islamabad. It is connected to the M-2 by several interchanges at different locations. Sargodha is roughly 94 km from Faisalabad, due southeast. Directly east connected by the M-2 motorway are Lahore and the route to Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Due east is the city of Jhang; toward the west are the city of Mianwali and the Chashma Barrage. Dera Ismail Khan is located 232 km southwest from the city.
Sargodha mainly comprises flat, fertile plains, although here are a few small hills on the Sargodha-Faisalabad Road. The River Jhelum flows on the western and northern sides, and the River Chenab lies on the eastern side of the city. The city has a climate of extreme heat and cold. The maximum temperature reaches 50 °C (122 °F) in the summer while the minimum temperature recorded is as low as freezing point in the winter.
| Climate data for Sargodha (1960–2012) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 20 (68) |
22 (72) |
26 (79) |
32 (90) |
38 (100) |
39 (102) |
38 (100) |
37 (99) |
36 (97) |
32 (90) |
26 (79) |
22 (72) |
30.6 (87.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 8 (46) |
11 (52) |
15.5 (59.9) |
19 (66) |
25 (77) |
27 (81) |
26 (79) |
26 (79) |
25 (77) |
20 (68) |
14 (57) |
9 (48) |
18.8 (65.8) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 18 (0.71) |
36 (1.42) |
24 (0.94) |
13 (0.51) |
17 (0.67) |
48 (1.89) |
82 (3.23) |
87 (3.43) |
43 (1.69) |
9 (0.35) |
11 (0.43) |
12 (0.47) |
400 (15.74) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 45 |
| Source: Weather2,[7] | |||||||||||||
Government [edit]
Sargodha is the capital of Sargodha Tehsil. Until divisions were abolished in the year 2000, Sargodha was the divisional headquarters of Sargodha Division. As of October 2012, the division system in Punjab Province has been restored, and Sargodha became the divisional headquarters of Sargodha District, Khushab District, Mianwali District and Bhakkar District. The city of Sargodha is administratively subdivided into 22 union councils.[8]
Notable landmarks [edit]
Notable buildings include gulshan-e-azeem town silaanwali road, Ghani Park, Kalyar Town, Shah Muhammad Colony, 34 Janubi, Faizan e Madina (Ali Town, Old Satellite Town), Jamia Masjid Hamid Ali Shah, Jinnah Hall and Jinnah Library, University of Sargodha (Government College old building), Sargodha Medical college, University of Sargodha, University College of Agriculture University of Sargodha. Govt Ambala Muslim High School (Old Sikh Temple), Bomb Chowk, Khayyam Chowk, Queen's Chowk, Jamia Masjid Ashrafia (Gol Chowk),Katchery Bazar,Japan Fashion Centre, punjab general store, Trust Plaza, Rehman Plaza, Chen One Plaza, Niazi Esqure,. Two notable gardens are Company Bagh (Jinnah Garden) and Rehmatul-il-alameeen Park.A vast ground provided for the outdoor activities is Mela Mandi Ground.Every year in March ( spring season ) Different competitions are held here.People from all over Pakistan participate in these events.
Economy [edit]
Sargodha is largely an agricultural and industrial city. The vast fields in the city have allowed the farmers to develop a range of crops and animal breeding programs. Some of the main crops include citrus, wheat, rice, and sugar cane, which are exported to the other cities as well as internationally. Citrus fruits such as oranges (locally known as kinnows) and guavas are the main fruits grown in the district. Jaman, pears, dates, pomegranates, phalsa and almonds are also grown in minor quantities. Turnips, onions, cauliflower, potatoes and tomatoes are the main vegetables grown in the district. The main livestock for the city include goats, sheep, buffaloes and cattle.
Even with agricultural goods being the major income generator for the city as well as the district, the economy and industry has been diversifying itself to generate more demand for other goods which can be manufactured and produced in the city. Other industrial markets include: beverages, manufacture of diesel engines, foundry products, glass products, leather footwear, oil mills, pesticides, insecticides, poultry feed, plastics, readymade garments, tanning and textiles.
Education [edit]
Sargodha is home to the University of Sargodha & Allama Iqbal Open University, which are offering a range of courses from Economics to Medicine. Sargodha Medical College (SMC) is located just outside the city offering not only MBBS but also postgraduate education and training. A new 100 acre state of the art campus has been built recently to accommodate the increasing demand for medical education in the city. University College of Agriculture (UCA), A constituent college of University of Sargodha is providing education and professional training in the field of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, UCA offers degrees from undergraduate level (BSc. Honors) to PhD in different disciplines of agricultural and animal sciences.
Notable personalities [edit]
- Feroz Khan Noon (Former Prime Minister Pakistan)
- Ehsan-ul-Haq Piracha (Former Finance Minister of Pakistan)
- Wazir Agha (Urdu Scholar)
- Hameed Gul (Former ISI Chief)
- Ch. Anwar Ali Cheema (Politician, PML-Q)
- Ch.Ghias Mela (Politician, PML-Q)
- Hafiz Muhammad Saeed (Amir Jama'at-ud-Da'wah)
- Mohammad Hafeez (Pakistani cricketer)
- Aizaz Cheema (Pakistani cricketer)
- Rafiq Anjum (ptv drama (Actor)
References [edit]
- ^ [1] (01-06-2011)
- ^ "Punjab Portal, Sargodha District population". Pportal.punjab.gov.pk. 2011-09-08. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
- ^ Pakistan tourism directory. Holiday Weekly. Retrieved 2007-12-31. "Sargodha is a colony town established in 1903, but its origins are older. Sargodha is a combination of the words "Sar" meaning a pond and "Godha"..."
- ^ Portrait of Pakistan. Ferozsons. Retrieved 2007-12-31. "The district derives its name for the headquarter town of Sargodha, which is a combination of "Sar" and "Godha". "Sar" is a hindi word which denotes a water..."
- ^ http://sargodha.dc.lhc.gov.pk/?page_id=1335
- ^ Urban Resource Centre[dead link]
- ^ "Weather2 – Sargodha". Retrieved 8 July 2012.
- ^ "Tehsils & Unions in the District of Sargodha - Government of Pakistan". Nrb.gov.pk. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
External links [edit]
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- CCAPS (City College of Accountancy & Professional Studies)
- SargodhaPost.com - First online newspaper of Sargodha
- Sargodha.com.pk - All about Sargodha
- Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education Sargodha
- University of Sargodha
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