Survivor (franchise)

For the American version, see Survivor (U.S. TV series).

Not to be confused with Survivors, a British post-apocalyptic series.

File:Survivor.borneo.logo.png

A recreation of the logo for the first American Survivor season, Survivor: Borneo.

Survivor is a reality television game show format produced in many countries throughout the world. In the show, contestants are isolated in the wilderness and compete for cash and other prizes. The show uses a system of progressive elimination, allowing the contestants to vote off other tribe members until only one final contestant remains and wins the title of "Sole Survivor." The format for Survivor was created in 1992 by British television producer Charlie Parsons.

Format

The following description of the show is based primarily on the American version of Survivor, though the general format applies to all international versions.

Tribes

The tribe camp near the end of Survivor: Borneo. Tribes must build themselves basic shelters from natural resources and through reward items earned during the competition.

The show strands from sixteen to twenty strangers in a remote tropical location divided into two to four teams called tribes. According to the show's host, Jeff Probst, while it is preferential to use sixteen contestants to make it easier to distribute genders across tribes and to give the viewers fewer contestants to remember, at times there have been eighteen- and twenty-player seasons to allow for "wiggle room" in case players quit or are removed due to injury. Depending on the season, tribes are given a minimal number of tools with which to survive. These tools have included a machete, a pot, and water canteens to hold water from sources that vary each season. Tribes are encouraged to build shelters to protect themselves from the elements and to forage on the local flora and fauna for nourishment. In some seasons, tribes have started with food supplies (typically rice) provided by the show, while in other seasons tribes have been given no additional help at the start of the game. Earlier seasons allowed players to carry one luxury item with them. Several seasons have brought the players into the game without preparation, making them start with only the clothes on their backs along with whatever tools are provided. In this case players will often be given their running shoes for safety reasons.

Over the years, initial tribe divisions have been made in various ways. Early seasons tended to feature tribes whose members included, in roughly equal numbers, all ages and both genders. More recent seasons, however, have had tribes split by gender, by age, and/or by racial background. Divisions are generally made in advance by the production team, but in some seasons, after the game starts, tribe members have been chosen in various ways by one or more of the contestants themselves.

Tribes are given unique names and identifying colors which are used on tribe flags, challenge courses, on-screen text and various other items. Each player is given a buff, an elastic ring of material generally patterned with the logo for the current season, that can be worn as an armband, headband, tube top, mini skirt, durag or a bow tie. Players are required to wear a buff with the color of their tribe in a visible location at all times, allowing the audience to identify tribal affiliation. Upon switching tribes (due to a merge or tribe switch), players are required to give up their old buffs and obtain new ones in the new tribe's color.

The producers have generally made sure that all players will not back out prior to being stranded, and will generally have backup players on hand if they believe, from psychological profiles, that one or more will drop out. In the case of Survivor: Fiji, one contestant backed out the night before taping began. As producers were not prepared for this turn of events, Fiji was the first season to feature an odd number of players, and subsequently required the production team to alter how the tribes would initially be divided.

Challenges

Tribes compete frequently in both mental and physical challenges to win rewards or immunity, such as this race to pull cannons during the first episode of Survivor: Pearl Islands.

During the course of the game, players compete as tribes or individually in contests called challenges. Challenges consist of endurance, strength, agility, problem solving, teamwork, dexterity, and/or willpower, and are usually designed to fit the theme of the current season. A common style of challenge is an obstacle race to collect puzzle pieces which then must be assembled after all pieces have been collected. Challenges have also included food challenges (including foods eaten by the local population), and knowledge quizzes about the locale or players. Many seasons also include during individual challenges: a 'loved one' challenge where a family member, friend or significant other of each player participates or is part of the challenge reward; the 'Survivor Auction' in which contestants bid against each other on luxury items and strategic advantages; a challenge in which the winning contestant receives a car; and a challenge that includes components of previous challenges from that season. Endurance challenges typically require tribe members to stay balanced on a small perch or support their own weight in a precarious position for as long as possible. The degree of difficulty may be progressively increased during the course of an endurance challenge in order to arrive at a winner faster. Some challenges have had the tribes compete at their own beaches by constructing a shelter or an SOS signal. The results are then judged by an expert and the winning tribe notified by the receipt of a package dropped from a plane or delivered by boat.

Players are notified of when and where challenges are to take place via special messages left at a location near camp, dubbed treemail (a play on the word "email") by competitors, due to the fact that the messages were delivered to a basket hanging from a tree in Survivor: Borneo. In Survivor: Pearl Islands it was also called "seamail". These messages nearly always include a rhyme which gives hints to the nature of the challenge and sometimes include props that may be useful for the upcoming challenge, allowing tribes and players to attempt to form a strategy prior to the challenge. In some cases, the tribes have been given equipment to practice with or information they need to memorize prior to the challenge.

There are two types of Challenges: Reward Challenges and Immunity Challenges.

• In Reward Challenges, the contestants compete for luxuries that are not essential for survival but make their lives easier and/or more enjoyable. Examples of rewards have included food, flint, matches, rain gear, and even short trips away from camp.
• In Immunity Challenges, the contestants compete for immunity from an elimination ceremony known as Tribal Council. When the game is in its tribal stage, the tribe that wins immunity does not take part in Tribal Council. Following the merger of the two tribes, the individual who wins immunity cannot have votes cast against him or her. (see Tribal Council for more details)

There have been several combined Reward/Immunity challenges. These have come in two approaches:

• A tribe can be given both a reward and immunity for winning. This usually occurs in the first immunity challenge, as there is usually no reward challenge during the premiere episode. Usually flint or matches are given to the tribe which wins Immunity.
• In cases where there are more than two tribes, the reward may be given to the first place tribe, and immunity to all but the last place tribe.
• In later seasons, when there are two tribes left, there have been challenges which result in both tribes going to Tribal Council (one after another), but with either:
  • one person from each tribe winning individual immunity (as in Guatemala and Gabon),
  • the winning tribe getting an additional reward, such as a meal, while they watch the proceedings of the other tribe's Tribal Council (as in Palau, Cook Islands and Samoa), or
  • both (as in Vanuatu, Heroes vs. Villains, and Nicaragua)

Prior to the merge, all challenges are between tribes, resulting in tribal rewards and immunities. After the merge, contestants compete in challenges on an individual basis. Individual rewards have often included the option to select one or more other tribe members to participate in the reward. After merging, there have been reward challenges where two or more teams are created from the remaining players, with the winning team reaping the reward benefits.

In recent seasons of the US version, a special message, held in a bottle or by host Jeff Probst, has been given to the winners or the losers of the challenge, with instructions to either read the note immediately after the challenge, or to hold the note unread until Tribal Council. These notes have provided additional instructions to the tribe that holds it, such as deciding to avoid Tribal Council but requiring the tribe to move to a less desirable beach, or to vote off a second player immediately after voting off a first player at Tribal Council.

When one tribe has more players than the other tribe, it must designate players to sit out of tribal challenges so that equal numbers compete. No person may sit out twice in a row or, if this is not possible, no person may compete twice in a row. In some challenges requiring the same number of men and women to compete from each tribe, a tribe may be required to sit out a certain gender as well. This rule applies only to challenges between two successive Tribal Councils (i.e., a typical single episode of the show); a player can sit out a challenge immediately preceding a Tribal Council and the challenge immediately following it.

The challenges are usually held in a 3 day cycle – one day for the reward challenge, one day of rest, and one day for the immunity challenge and Tribal Council.

Merges, tribe switches, and dissolves

In seasons which start with more than two tribes, there is a dissolve of the tribes down into two tribes after one to four Tribal Councils.

In many seasons, there has been a Tribe Switch at some point before the merge. In this, the members of each tribe are swapped around, typically not redistributing the tribal numbers. The mechanism for the Tribe Switch has varied from a random shuffle to a schoolyard pick by two tribe 'captains'. There has also been a Tribe Switch accomplished by allowing players to 'mutiny' from their present tribe to join the other. This process typically defeats many early alliances and strategies, and has cost some players the game while saving other players from being eliminated early.

When there are 8 to 12 players left in the game, the separate tribes merge into a single tribe. From this point, Challenges are won on an individual basis. In general, after the merge has been announced, the members of the newly merged tribe collocate to a single camp. The merged tribe also selects a new tribe name and designs a new tribal flag with materials provided by the production crew. There was no technical merge in Palau, as the Koror tribe had "conquered" the Ulong tribe by winning every tribal immunity challenge, leaving them with only one member. This one member was then absorbed by Koror with no subsequent tribe name change. Ignoring this case, the tribe would have been equipped with an unused green buff.

Hidden immunity idol

Beginning with Survivor: Guatemala and appearing in every season thereafter, these idols, typically a small object that fits with the theme of the Survivor location, are hidden near camp or located on Exile Island, with cumulative clues given to a select player (in Guatemala) or to exiled or kidnapped players (otherwise) as to its location. Once found, the player that possesses an idol may keep it or transfer it to another player before or during Tribal Council (in Cook Islands, it couldn't be transferred during tribal council), and it cannot be stolen from that player. The player is not required to show this idol to other players, though may use it as a bargaining chip for alliance and voting purposes. Other players may discover the ownership of the idol via any means within the rules of the game, including peeking into other player's personal possessions. In the first few seasons of the twist, only one idol was ever in play, but in Survivor: Fiji, Survivor: China, and from Survivor: Tocantins to Survivor: One World, two hidden immunity idols were made available to the players (one located at each camp). For Survivor: One World since the tribes share a beach, if a castaway finds the other tribes hidden idol, they must give it to a member of the opposing tribe before the next tribal council. Only two players; James Clement (Survivor: China) and Parvati Shallow (Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains) have held both idols at the same time. The hidden immunity idol can only be used up until and including the Tribal Council of the final four, five, or six players, depending on the season. In the most recent seasons, the idol is good until day 36.

The use of the idol by a player to become immune has changed through the seasons:

• In Guatemala, the player with the idol was required to show the idol prior to the vote in order to become immune. The other members of the tribe were then not allowed to vote for this player and were not allowed to communicate about possible changes in plans.
• In both Panama and Cook Islands, the player with the idol was required to show the idol after the votes were read to become immune. If the idol holder had received the most number of votes, the player with the next largest number of votes was then immediately voted out. If the idol holder was tied with the most votes with another player, that player was also immediately voted out. This rule has never happened.
• From Fiji onwards, the player with the idol was required to show it after the votes were cast, but before they were read. The idol could be given to another player at this time, allowing that player to use the idol if they so desired. The resolution remained the same as with Panama and Cook Islands. According to an interview with host Jeff Probst, this change achieved a "happy medium" of the previous idol/immunity mechanisms. This has resulted in players being voted out of the game without playing the idol, or playing the idol when they would have otherwise been safe from the vote.

In Guatemala, the hidden immunity idol was not returned to the game after its use. Since then, if the idol is played, or the player with the idol leaves the game without playing it, the idol is replaced at a new location to be found, as long as the means by which clues to the idol's location are still given out and that the idol can still be played at following Tribal Councils. In Gabon, the contestants unanimously decided to throw a hidden immunity idol into the sea. In this case it was not replaced at a new location. In some seasons, false hidden immunity idols have been fashioned by contestants; these have no value at Tribal Council. If a contestant plays a false hidden immunity idol, the host would toss it into the fire pit. Probst has stated that the production team indirectly encourage contestants to create these fakes by means of supplying the camp with many materials that could be used to fashion the idol.

During Survivor: Samoa, Russell Hantz is credited by many as the first player to find the idol without a clue, though technically Gary Hogeboom of Survivor: Guatemala found the first hidden immunity idol without a clue; between Survivor: Samoa and Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains, Hantz would go on to locate six idols with and without help of a clue. As a result, Survivor: Nicaragua would consider the "Russell factor", according to Probst, in hiding future hidden immunity idols.

Exile twists

The concept of Exile was first introduced in Survivor: Palau, when a single contestant was made to stay alone on a beach for a day as a result of being the first to drop out of an Immunity Challenge. However, this twist would not be used regularly until Survivor: Panama and was also used in Cook Islands, Fiji, Micronesia, Gabon and Tocantins. A selected player is exiled to a location (typically a small island) apart from the main tribe camps, typically for at least a day following a reward challenge and returning immediately before the following immunity challenge. The player selected may be either the first loser of a challenge (as was the case in Survivor: Palau), or a person selected by either the winning or losing tribe in the tribal phase, or an individual challenge winner in the individual phase. In Micronesia and Tocantins, one person from each tribe was sent to Exile Island. Unless stated otherwise, players who win the right to decide who goes to Exile Island may also choose to go themselves.

Also, whenever the number of contestants is uneven in formation of tribes (in initial division or switching, but not merging), the single-outed contestant will be treated as "tribeless" and sent to Exile Island immediately after formation (as in Survivor: Panama, Survivor: Fiji, and Survivor: Gabon). In this case, the contestant will return and join the tribe which loses a member at the following Tribal Council.

Once selected, the exiled contestant is immediately taken to the island by boat (or given a map to the "island"). On the island, there are few tools to survive with, typically a water canteen, a machete, a pot, and a limited amount of shelter. The two main disadvantages of being on Exile Island are the lack of food and water, which can weaken a player and make them less effective in challenges, and the isolation from other contestants, which can cause a player to become out of the loop and weaken their position in their tribe. Contestants are often sent to Exile Island for one or both of these strategic reasons.

The person exiled receives a consolation prize of sorts – a clue to the hidden immunity idol, which may or may not be located on the island, an "instant comfort" (as in Survivor: Gabon), or the right to change tribes (as in Survivor: Tocantins). If the exiled contestant is asked to return after the Tribal Council (whether they belong to a tribe or not), they will also be immune from being voted out at the respective Tribal Council.

The concept of Exile Island was also explored in the first season of Survivor South Africa, when eliminated contestants were exiled to "Dead Man's Island" and later given a chance to come back into the game. "Dead Man's Island" was known for its tough conditions and atmosphere of despair, as contestants had to survive there without real purpose until near the end of the game.

Only two seasons have used different Exile twists. In China, tribes who win reward challenges won the right to "kidnap" someone from the losing tribe, and that person would have to stay with them until the next immunity challenge. In Samoa, a reverse version of the kidnapping rule was used, called "spy expedition" (also known as "observing"). The winning tribe would have to send one of their own to accompany the other tribe until the immunity challenge. Both of these twists were retired after the merge.

Redemption Island

Redemption Island is a twist introduced on Survivor: Redemption Island and also used on Survivor: South Pacific. Redemption island is a combination of the outcast twist on Survivor: Pearl Islands and the Exile Island twist introduced on Survivor: Panama. Eliminated contestants will go to Redemption Island instead of immediately going home. There they will fend for themselves as if they were still in the game until the next person is voted out. Whenever there are two or more people on Redemption Island there is a duel where the winner remains on the island and the losers are eliminated and must remove their buff and throw it into a small fire pit upon exiting. At a predetermined day of the game the lone person remaining on Redemption Island returns to the game to compete for the million dollar prize and the title of Sole Survivor.

One World

One World is the primary twist of Survivor: One World, where two tribes share one beach. It is up to the tribes on whether or not to share resources. The One World twist also creates the possibility of cross tribal alliances before the merge. This twist first appeared during the game in Survivor: Thailand and for a brief while in Survivor: Palau.

Tribal Council

Tribal Council is held at the end of each episode. Here, the tribe mates vote one person out of their tribe. The first time each player visits Tribal Council, they are asked to take a torch and light it from the fire pit present at every Council. It is stated that "this is part of the ritual of Tribal Council because fire represents your life. As long as you have fire, you are still in this game. When your fire's gone, so are you [with a slight exception for Redemption Island]": a metaphor used commonly within the shows theme (the brackets were used for Redemption Island and South Pacific). If the Jury has begun to form, Jury members are asked to enter silently, sit, and watch the proceedings. The players are then questioned by the host, who often provokes revealing details from them of events and interactions since the tribe's previous tribal council. Immediately prior to the vote, if a player has been awarded individual immunity through an immunity challenge, he is then asked if he wants to transfer that to another player. Whoever has the immunity after this possible exchange cannot be voted out.

The players then vote for another player in secret and explain their vote at the voting confessional, and the player who receives the most votes must leave the game. Players cannot vote for themselves. Players are also required to write legibly, and to avoid the use of uncommon nicknames. During the Tribal Council portion of the episode as aired, these votes and confessionals are not all shown; this is done to maximize the suspense of the pending vote tally. However, the vote of each tribe member is revealed during the credits and the ousted player's confessional. When the votes are read, the order that the votes are pulled has also usually been manipulated by production to extract the most suspense from the players during the tally. All votes are final. Once the vote tally has exceeded the majority needed, the host will stop the vote tally, pronouncing that player eliminated from the game, keeping the remaining votes a secret to the players themselves.

As described previously, the player(s) with the Hidden Immunity Idol(s) are offered the chance to play the idol at specific points during this process.

The eliminated player's torch is extinguished (also dubbed as snuffing), and the host declares "_________, the tribe has spoken. It's time for you to go." For Survivor: Redemption Island and Survivor: South Pacific, however, the host would declare "You will have a chance to get back in this game. Take your torch, head to Redemption Island." The player then leaves the Tribal Council area and delivers some final words that air at the end of the episode. In Survivor: Redemption Island and Survivor: South Pacific, however, the player takes his/her torch to Redemption Island, which would air at the end of the episode, in case he/she gets back in the game. The remaining tribe members are then told to return to camp with their torches; in some seasons, this has allowed a tribe access to a source of fire, while in other seasons, the tribe is not allowed to return to camp with their torches lit if they do not yet have their own source of fire or method of starting one.

In the event of a tie before there are four contestants remaining, a re-vote among the non-tied contestants will occur, in which the only candidates for elimination are the tied players. If the re-vote does not resolve the tie, the tied players are granted immunity and the non-tied players (except anyone who has won individual immunity) are forced to choose rocks out of a bag without looking; the player who chooses the differently colored rock is eliminated. In earlier seasons, the tied players were asked how many votes they had received in the past and whoever had more was eliminated. In Survivor: Africa, the tied players hadn't received any votes before that tribal council, so they competed in a nature quiz challenge and whoever lost was eliminated.

Rare cases include:

• In the event of a tie at the final four, a re-vote will not occur, and the tied players will then face off in a challenge.
  • In Palau, Panama, Cook Islands, and Gabon, this challenge was a fire-making contest.
  • In Marquesas, the random rock tiebreaker was used at the final four, which host Jeff Probst later admitted was a mistake.
• If a tribe prior to the merge is down to two players, as in Palau, those two will also face off in a challenge to determine who is to leave the game. This has only happened once to date.
• A player may decide to quit the game. While this is disapproved of by the crew and contestants, the player's wish is granted, for whatever reasons. If a player quits at Tribal Council, as was the case in Pearl Islands, Palau, and Nicaragua, not only is the player's torch extinguished, but that player's torch is also laid down. Depending on the player's reasons for quitting, they may or may not get to deliver their final words.
• When players are forced out of the game due to injury, or completely leave the game on their own terms outside of Tribal Council, Tribal Council is usually not held, with the other tribe(s) being informed of the player's departure if still before the merge. However, there have been occasions where, after a player is evacuated or quits, an immunity challenge and subsequent Tribal Council are still held. This is typically when the game begins with more than eighteen contestants.

The jury

All eliminated players except, generally, the Final 9, 10 or 12, leave the game altogether. The remaining players who leave the game, excluding the final two or three who will go on to the final vote, form the jury, a group of people who vote to determine the winner of the game. Once the Jury starts to form, the members are present at every Tribal Council, but are not allowed to speak or interact with the players still in the game; they are only there to observe the questioning and voting that occurs. Jury members are sequestered until the end of the final Tribal Council, and are not allowed to discuss their voting or issues with the remaining contestants, with other jury members, or the final players in order to prevent any possible cooperation or collusion from subgroups within the jury. This restriction continues through the game and up until the reveal of the winner of the game. However, this has been broken in some seasons:

• In Expedition Robinson, Sinisa Savija, who became the first competitor to be voted out in history, committed suicide after arriving home.
• In Survivor: Marquesas, Paschal English collapsed and was unable to make it to the second-to-last Tribal Council. John Carroll, a registered nurse, discussed his medical state.
• In Survivor: Micronesia, James Clement suffered an IV infection to his hand, and was evacuated. At the following Tribal Council, James joined the jury and discussed the hand infection. Additionally, he said "I've lost my reign as the dumbest Survivor ever" after Erik was voted out.

End of the game

The last two challenges (starting on the third to last day of the competition) before the Final Tribal Council have always followed a similar pattern:

Prior to the second-to-last challenge, the players are usually treated to a small food reward (a hearty breakfast or similar meal) for making it this far. The second-to-last immunity challenge tends to be an extremely grueling, multi-part challenge, and is usually the most elaborate challenge of the entire season, often combining elements from previous challenges. A Tribal Council is then held to vote off one player.

Prior to the last challenge, the remaining players partake in a memorial activity appropriate for the theme of the show, where they pay respect to the players who have been eliminated previously. This is called "The Rites of Passage". Torches of the eliminated contestants are usually included in this segment (not held on Redemption Island and South Pacific). This usually leads directly into the final immunity challenge, which tends to focus on balance and/or endurance and which can last from minutes to almost half a day. In most seasons, with three players participating, winning immunity on this challenge allows that player to select whom he or she wants to go with to the Final Tribal Council, significantly improving their chance at winning the competition. Because of this, the challenges tend to allow players to talk and try to make last-minute deals, giving up immunity for assurance of being taken to the Final Two. A Tribal Council is then held to vote off the last eliminated player. Only the person with Immunity votes since the other two votes would cancel each other out. At this point, the game is no longer in the remaining players' control, as the next day they face the Final Tribal Council where their fate will be decided.

A similar pattern has been used in recent seasons in which three contestants attend the Final Tribal Council. The final challenges and rituals take place one vote earlier in the game. The final immunity challenge is held amongst the final four players, and the winner, while assured a place in the final three, does not unilaterally decide on his or her competition for the prize. More recently, in Heroes vs. Villains, the grueling and endurance challenges were reversed. In Redemption Island, there was no final endurance challenge, instead being used in the final redemption island duel.

Final tribal council

On the last day of the competition, the surviving players generally either clean up, tear down, or burn down their camp as a tribute to surviving to the end of the game. They then make their way to the final Tribal Council.

During the final Tribal Council, the following events generally occur, though parts may be edited to fit within the time limitation for the show:

• Each of the final players makes an introductory statement to the jury about why he or she deserves the jurors' votes.
• Each jury member, in turn, may ask each of the final players a question, and that player must respond. In some cases, the juror may only be making a short speech which requires no answer but is meant to throw the player off guard.
• From Borneo to Panama, each final player made a closing statement, allowing them to respond generally to the jury's questions and to again explain why they would be the most deserving winner.
• Each jury member then votes for one of the final players, indicating which player he or she wants to win the game.

After this vote, the container with the votes is taken away by the host. The players are told that the vote will be revealed during the live finale, and the votes are secured until the live finale of the show when the votes are revealed and the winner is announced. On several occasions, such as in Africa and Thailand, the final Tribal Council and finale are edited together to make them seem like one event, until moments later the camera shows the studio audience. This is possible by re-creating on a studio the Tribal Council set from the location of filming.

With the use of a Final 2, the jury has almost always been odd-numbered, thus ensuring that no tie would be possible. However, with every Final 3 jury, or as in the case of Micronesia of an even-numbered jury for a Final 2, a tie may be possible; it is unknown what mechanism is used to resolve a tie should it occur. During the finale of Micronesia, Jeff had a white envelope that he claimed held the tie-breaker, but its contents were not revealed as no tie occurred.

Prizes

The player chosen as Sole Survivor receives a cash prize of $1,000,000 (prior to taxes). The Sole Survivor also receives a car provided by the show's sponsor, except in Survivor: Cook Islands. In a few seasons, the final players have also agreed to play for the tribe flag or other representative object from camp.

In addition, the final five or six contestants may have the opportunity to compete for a car. The winner of this challenge has never won the game, leading to the concept of a "Survivor car curse".

Every player receives a prize for participating on Survivor depending on how long he or she lasts in the game. In most seasons, the runner-up receives $100,000, and third place wins $85,000. Sonja Christopher, the first player voted off in Survivor: Borneo, received $2,500. The prize was increased for Survivor: All-Stars. The known prizes for Survivor: All-Stars were as follows: 2nd = $250,000; 3rd = $125,000; 4th = $100,000. Tina Wesson, the first player voted off in Survivor: All-Stars, received $25,000. In Survivor: Fiji, the first season with tied runners-up, the two runners-up received US$100,000 each, and Yau-Man Chan received US$60,000 for his 4th place finish. The prizes for other seasons with more than sixteen contestants are unknown.

All players also receive an additional $10,000 for their appearance on the reunion show.

There have also been additional prizes given out, outside of the usual mechanics of the show:

• • Rob Mariano won the in-game car reward as part of a challenge. Given the option to select a player to join him in a makeshift drive-in movie theater, he selected Amber Brkich to join him. Jeff Probst later revealed to the two at their reward that because Rob had selected Amber, Amber also received a car (though one of lesser value).
  • In Survivor: The Australian Outback Colby Donaldson had won a Pontiac Aztek
  • In Survivor: Thailand Ted Rogers won a Chevrolet TrailBlazer
  • In Survivor: Vanuatu Eliza won a Pontiac G6
  • In Survivor: Palau Ian Rosenberger won a Chevrolet Corvette
  • In Survivor: Panama Terry Deitz won a GMC Yukon
  • In Survivor: Fiji Yau-Man Chan won a new 2008 Ford Super Duty but gave it to fellow contestant Dreamz as part of a strategic deal.
  • In Survivor: Guatemala Cindy Hall had won a 2006 Pontiac Torrent
  • At the reunion, Amber, as the Sole Survivor, was then asked to select one of the other All-Stars to receive a car, and she selected Shii Ann Huang.
  • In Survivor: America's Tribal Council as part of the All-Stars season, Rupert Boneham was selected by a popularity poll of Survivor viewers to win $1,000,000.
• Beginning in Survivor: Panama, viewers of Survivor voted their favorite player to win a new car.
  • Survivor: Panama: Cirie Fields
  • Survivor: Cook Islands: Ozzy Lusth
• In Survivor: China, Denise Martin was selected by the show's producers to receive a prize of $50,000, due to misfortunes she experienced after her return home following taping. It was later revealed that she was misleading in her story of being demoted, and she declined the $50,000, asking it to be donated to a pediatric AIDS charity instead. Additionally, she donated her mullet to the Hospital for Sick Kids in Toronto to be made into wig.
• Beginning in Survivor: China, viewers of Survivor voted their favorite player to win $100,000. Below are the winners of their respective seasons.
  • Survivor: China: James Clement
  • Survivor: Micronesia: James Clement
  • Survivor: Gabon: Robert "Bob" Crowley
  • Survivor: Tocantins: James "J.T." Thomas, Jr.
  • Survivor: Samoa: Russell Hantz
  • Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains: Russell Hantz
  • Survivor: Nicaragua: Jane Bright
  • Survivor: Redemption Island: Rob Mariano
  • Survivor: South Pacific: Ozzy Lusth
  • Survivor: One World: Kim Spradlin

Variations in the format

Aside from the U.S. version, other franchises introduced variations and twists for the game. Somehow, most of these twists and variations are used in other franchises as well:

• Expeditie Robinson Belgium/Netherlands
  • During the 2005 season the tribes were initially divided up by age into "Old" and "Young", with the old contestants being forty and older and the young contestants being under the age of thirty. This twist was later used during Survivor: Nicaragua and Robinsonekspedisjonen 2009.
  • During the pre-merge portion of the 2006 season two former contestants returned to the game to lead the tribes. As leader they were allowed to give individual immunity to any member of their tribe when they went to tribal council. Neither of these two contestants were eligible to win and both left shortly before the merge.
  • When there were only three contestants left during the 2006 season all of the contestants that had lost on "Losers Island" voted to eliminate one of the finalists.
  • The 2007 season began with one hundred contestants. Because many of these contestants weren't on the show for more than a couple of episodes many of their surnames are unknown.
  • When it came time to reveal the winner of the 2008 season it was revealed that the jury vote was tied at 3-3. This led to seventy four former contestants voting for a winner.
  • During the 2009 season the two tribes were initially composed of only women while a smaller tribe of men were hidden on a secluded beach. The men eventually entered the main competition in episode four. A similar twist was later used during Robinson 2011.
• Koh-Lanta (France)

• • In every season of Koh-Lanta, just before the tribe merge, an ambassador is chosen in each tribe. They had the power to give one more vote to any contestant for the first Tribal Council of the merged tribe, until season 8. On season 9 and onwards (including the two All-Stars seasons), they can directly eliminate a contestant. However, if none of the ambassadors agree to vote for/eliminate one contestant, they must draw one pearl in a bag. The one who gets the black pearl loses and gets a vote, or is directly eliminated depending of the season.
  • During season 3 (Bocas del Toro), the oldest man and woman had the possibility to compose their respective tribes, as long as the gender parity was respected.
  • During season 4 (Panama), the two tribes were divided by gender. However, after 8 days, the tribes were mixed. A variation was used during season 10 (Vietnam) were the tribes were divided by gender, but one person per tribe was from the opposite gender.
  • During season 5 (Pacific) and season 6 (Vanuatu), the tribes were divided by age: older or younger than 31 years old.
  • During season 7 (Palawan) and season 8 (Caramoan), there was a challenge before the tribes were composed: the best man and woman got the privilege to compose their tribes, while the last man and woman were directly eliminated. The latter rule was also applied in season 9 (Palau) and in the first All-Stars season.
  • During the second All-Stars season, seven previous contestants were part of a tribe, while the other tribe was composed by famous French sportsmen.
  • In season 11 (Raja Ampat), two new rules were introduced: the hidden immunity idol, known in its appearance in the US version, and a new rule called the "vote noir" (black vote). After a contestant gets voted out at the Tribal Council, he can vote one more time against one of the remaining contestants of his tribe, before quitting the game. This vote counts for the next Tribal Council of the tribe.
  • The third All-Stars season featured sixteen former contestants who, despite their performances, didn't become the Sole Survivor.
• Robinson Ekspeditionen Denmark
  • As the fifth season was originally thought to be the last season of Robinson that would air in Denmark, Robinson Ekspeditionen 2002 was the first ever "All-Stars" version of Survivor to air in the world. Since then there have been several All-Stars versions including ones in America, Belgium/Netherlands, France, Israel, and Sweden.
  • During the 2005 season the contestants were divided up into tribes based on where they were from within Denmark.
  • During the 2006 season all of the contestants were well known Danish athletes.
  • In keeping with the theme of the season, during the 2006 season none of the contestants were eliminated through voting but rather through duels.
  • During the 2007 season the tribes were composed of past contestants from Robinson Ekspeditionen and contestants of another show known as Paradise Hotel.
  • During the 2008 season the tribes were composed of fans of Robinson Ekspeditionen and former contestants from Paradise Hotel.
  • During the 2009 season the tribes were initially divided into "Smart" and "Dumb" based on the results of an IQ test the contestants took prior to the start of the competition.
  • During the 2010 season the contestants took part in a challenge that would ultimately divide them into "Masters" and "Slaves" within their own tribes (one tribe was composed of male masters and female slaves while the other was composed of female masters and male slaves).
• Robinsonid (Estonia), Robinsoni (Latvia), Robinzonai (Lithuania)
  • As a representative for each participating country was necessary for the finale, when there was only one member of any given tribe left they were immune from all remaining eliminations.
  • In all seasons of Baltic Robinson the jury would vote for who they didn't want to win as opposed to who they did. These votes would be added along with those given to the losers of plank (in all seasons) and those of the public (in the first two seasons) or of the finalists (in season 3).
• Survivor Israel

The title card for Survivor Israel's 5^th season, Survivor 10: Camarines.

• • Introduced the "Double-Power Challenge" in Survivor 10: The Caribbean. The double-power challenge is an individual challenge, which is played after the Immunity challenge. Every person going to Tribal Council had to compete, and the winner of the challenge won an additional power at Tribal Council.
  • Introduced the "Veto Armlet" in Survivor 10: Pearl Islands. Aside from the Immunity Challenge, where the winner of the challenge wins the immunity, the Israel version introduced the Armlet Veto, wherein the winner of the Veto Challenge gets the armlet. The Veto Armlets purpose is to cancel the vote of a castaway.
• Robinsonekspedisjonen Norway
  • In November 2011 it was announced that the 2012 season of Robinsonekspedisjonen will be known as "Robinson: Vinter" (Robinson: Winter) and it will be the first ever season of Robinson or Survivor to ever take place in a cold climate as it will be filmed in Norway.
• Survivor Philippines

File:Survivorphilippinescelebritydoubles.jpg

The title card for Survivor Philippines' 4^th season, Survivor Philippines: Celebrity Doubles Showdown.

• • Introduced the "Cursed and White Pearls", both roughly the size of a standard billiard ball. During the merge stage, the person voted out, before having his/her torch snuffed out, will receive either one or both of the Pearls and give each Pearl to one of the remaining castaways. The castaway who receives the Cursed Pearl gets one vote in the following Tribal Council. In case the Cursed Pearl is lost, the holder would then receive two votes. In-show, the Cursed Pearl is called the "Black Pearl" (though in the first season, its actual color is really silver). On the other hand, the White Pearl will have one vote subtracted from the count in the receiver's favor in the next Tribal Council, should at least one such vote comes up. This was introduced in the first season of Survivor Philippines.
  • Introduced the "Blood Pearl" in Survivor Philippines: Palau. The Blood Pearl served the same purpose as the Cursed Pearl, only, the holder would receive two votes in the next Tribal Council. In case the Blood Pearl is lost, three votes would be counted against the holder.
  • Introduced the "doubles format" in Survivor Philippines: Celebrity Doubles Showdown, wherein castaways are grouped as couples with preexisting relationships. In this format, the couple is treated as one castaway, wherein both members get immunity after winning Immunity Challenges, both win the reward from the Reward Challenges, and both are voted out in the Tribal Council.
  • Also in Survivor Philippines: Celebrity Doubles Showdown, the "Temptation Reward" was introduced. The winning tribe in a Reward Challenge would choose one or two of their own to be the only one/s partaking in the Temptation Reward. After being shown the Temptation Reward, the chosen one/s were then also presented with the consequence that comes upon accepting the Temptation Reward. Declining from the Temptation Reward is also an option, if those chosen would deem accepting it be too harmful for their life in the game.
• Expedition Robinson Sweden

File:Robinson2011.jpg

The title card for Expedition Robinson's 14^th season, Robinson 2011.

• • During the 1998 and 1999 seasons, during the pre-merge portion of the competition when a tribe lost an immunity challenge the opposing tribe would vote to eliminate one of their members.
  • In the 1998 season a "Joker" joined the game midway through. Since then this twist has become very common among Survivor versions around the world.
  • During the 1999 season the contestants were initially divided into four tribes. This twist would later be used in the American version of Survivor during Survivor: Exile Island and Survivor: Cook Islands.
  • During the 1999 season the twist of "The Black Vote" was introduced. During the merge portion of the competition whenever someone was voted out before they left tribal council they would cast one more vote. This vote would then be carried over to the next tribal council and whoever received the vote, assuming they didn't have immunity, would have an extra vote against them.
  • During the 2002 season when a contestant was voted out they were sent to a secret island where they would take part in a duel with another eliminated contestant. The contestant who lost said duel would be eliminated for good while the winner remained on the island. The person still inhabiting the island when there were only three contestants left in the game would re-enter the competition. This twist would later be used in several different versions of the show and has recently been used on Survivor: Redemption Island and Survivor: South Pacific.
  • During the All-Stars version of Expedition Robinson the tribes were initially divided into two tribes, one composed of "Veterans" and the other of "Fans". This type of twist was also used in the American version of Survivor during Survivor: Micronesia.
  • During the 2004 season the twist known as "Team X" was introduced. Shortly after the competition began a new group of contestants entered the game and lived separately and secretly away from the other contestants until a certain point in the game. This twist has since also been used in Norway's 2009 season.
  • During the 2004 and 2005 seasons a former contestant entered the game. This twist has since been used in many different Survivor versions around the world.
  • During the 2005 season the tribes were initially divided up into a "Rich" tribe and a "Poor" tribe. This twist has since been used in the Danish, Norwegian, and American versions, most notably in Survivor: Fiji.
• Twists with unknown origins
  • During the year 2002 several different versions of Survivor used the twist of gender based tribes as a main twist for their seasons. Due to the fact that at the time the Baltic, Belgian/Dutch, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish seasons were all traveling together in order to conserve and pool their resources, there is no way to determine which production team came up with the idea of the twist (though it's unlikely to be the Baltic's or Norway's as neither edition has ever used this twist). The same twist was used a few months later in 2003 during Survivor: Amazon and a couple years later in 2004 during Survivor: Vanuatu.

Game rules

• Conspiring to split winnings will result in immediate expulsion from the game.
• Except for the occasional challenges which involve wrestling or limited combat, any physical violence between players will result in immediate expulsion from the game.
• At Tribal Council, players are not permitted to vote for themselves, nor can they spoil their ballots or decline to cast a vote. Players must also show whom they voted for to the camera inside the voting booth.
• Contestants must abide by U.S. law as well as local law. Breaking any of these laws will result in immediate removal from the game.
• If a contestant wants to play the hidden immunity idol, this must be done after the votes have been cast but before they are read.
• If a contestant plays the hidden immunity idol, any votes cast for that contestant will not count, and the person with the next largest number of votes will be eliminated.
• Contestants may not skip any tribal councils, nor can they refuse to participate in any immunity or reward challenge, unless the game offers them the opportunity to do so.
• Tribe members may not raid or visit the campsite of another tribe unless they are doing so as part of an immunity challenge, reward challenge or tribal merger activity with the other tribe. They also may not visit the TV crew compound. Exceptions to this rule have been made, though, as a result of accident (as seen in Survivor: Cook Islands) or challenge victories. In Survivor: Guatemala one tribe intentionally visited the other to invite them over to lounge in their lake pool.
• If a contestant becomes seriously injured or sick, the player, fellow contestants, the host, or even the crew filming the players may call in a medical team for help. In some cases, the player can be treated at their camp, but the player may also be deemed unable to participate further by the medical team and then be taken from camp to a medical facility, and removed from the game.
• Contestants deciding to quit the contest for any reason not health - or other-emergency-related may or may not be called back for the final jury, pending the producers' decision. (This rule was added at the end of the 2010 season.)
• Depending on which country the show takes place in, contestants may be barred from killing certain forms of plant or animal life.

Survivor series

The Survivor format has been adapted for numerous international versions of the show, some named after the original Expedition Robinson.

Legend:   Still in production     No longer in production     Unknown  

Region/Country	Local title	Networks	Winners	Grand Prize	Hosts
Africa	Survivor Africa	M-Net	Season 1, 2006: Tsholofelo Gasenelwe	$100,000	Anthony Oseyemi (Season 1)
Arab World	Survivor (سرفايفر)	LBC	Season 1, 2005: Hussein El-Abass	SR1,000,000
Argentina	Expedición Robinson	Canal 13	Season 1, 2000: Sebastián Martino Season 2, 2001: María Victoria Fernández	$100,000	Julián Weich (Season 1 – 2)
Australia	Australian Survivor	Nine Network	Season 1, 2002: Robert Dickson	A$500,000	Lincoln Howes (Season 1)
	Celebrity Survivor	Seven Network	Season 1, 2006: Guy Leech	A$100,000 (For charity)	Ian Dickson (Season 1)
Austria Germany	Expedition Robinson	ORF RTL 2	Season 1, 2000: Melanie1	DEM100,000
Azerbaijan	Extreme Azerbaijan (Ekstrim Azərbaycan)	Space TV	Season 1, 2011: Unknown	Sports car	Emin Əhmədov (Season 1)
Baltics	Robinsonid Robinsoni Robinzonai	TV3 Estonia TV3 Latvia TV3 Lithuania	Season 1, 2000: Zane Mukane Season 2, 2001: Māris Šveiduks Season 3, 2002: Rimas Valeikis	Mazda 626 (Season 1) 50,000 LT (Season 2 – 3)	Emil Rutiku (Season 1-3) Pauls Timrots (Season 1-3) Vytautas Kernagis (Season 1-3)
	Džunglistaar Džungļu zvaigznes Džiungles		Season 1, 2004: Dagmāra Legante	€10,000	Tenu Karks Raimond Dombrovskis Vytautas Kernagis
Belgium Netherlands	Expeditie Robinson	VT4 (Season 1 – 5) 2BE (Season 6 – Present) NET 5 (Season 1 – 5) Tien (Season 6 – 7) RTL 5 (Season 6 – Present)	Season 1, 2000: Karin Lindenhovius Season 2, 2001: Richard Mackowiak Season 3, 2002: Derek Blok Season 4, 2003: Jutta Borms Season 5, 2004: Frank de Meulder Season 6, 2005: Marnix Allegaert Season 7, 2006: Olga Urashova Season 8, 2007: Vinncent Arrendell Season 9, 2008: Yin Oei Sian Season 10, 2009: Marcel Vandezande Season 11, 2010: Regina Romeijn Season 12, 2011: Tanja Dexters	€50,000 BFr2,000,000 ƒ100,000	Ernst-Paul Hasselbach (Season 1 – 9) Désiré Naessens (Season 1) Roos Van Acker (Season 2 – 5) Lotte Verlackt (Season 6 – 7) Eddy Zoey (Season 10 – 12) Evi Hanssen Dennis Weening
	Expeditie Robinson: All-Stars		Season 1, 2006: Ryan van Esch
Brazil	No Limite	Globo	Season 1, 2000: Elaine de Melo Season 2, 2001: Léo Rassi Season 3, 2001: Rodrigo Trigueiro Season 4, 2009: Luciana de Araújo	R$ 500,000	Zeca Camargo (Season 1 – Present)
Bulgaria	Survivor BG (Сървайвър БГ)	BTV	Season 1, 2006: Neli Ivanova Season 2, 2007: Georgi Kostadinov Season 3, 2008: Nikolay Martinov Season 4, 2009: Georgi Kehaiov	250,000 BGN	Kamen Vodenicharov (Season 1) Vladimir Karamazov (Season 2 – 4) Evtim Miloshev (Season 4)
China	Into The Shangri-La (走进香格里拉/ 走入香格里拉)	CCTV	Season 1, 2001: Members of Sun Village	A chance to fulfill their dreams
Chile	Expedición Robinson (Celebrity Format)	Canal 13	Season 1, 2006: Marcela Roberts	$50,000,000	Sergio Lagos (Season 1) Karla Constant (Season 1)
Colombia	Expedición Robinson	Caracol TV	Season 1, 2001: Rolando Patarroyo Season 2, 2002: Cristóbal Echevarría	COL$200,000,000 (Season 1) COL$250,000,000 (Season 2)	Margarita Francisco (Season 1 – 2)
	La Isla de los Famo S.O.S. (Celebrity Format)	RCN TV	Season 1, 2004: María Cecilia Sánchez Season 2, 2005: Leonel Álvarez Season 3, 2006: Lucas Jaramillo Season 4, 2007: José Javier Ramírez	COL$300,000,000	Guillermo Prieto (Season 1 – 4) Katerine Porto (Season 1)
Croatia	Survivor	HRT (Season 1)	Season 1, 2005: Vazmenko Pervanu	€100,000 (Season 1)	Antonija Blaće (Season 2) Milan Kalinić (Season 2) Andrija Milošević (Season 2) Marijana Batinić (Season 2)
	Survivor Croatia VIP	RTL Televizija (Season 2)	Season 2, 2012: Current Season4	50,000€ (Season 2)
Czech Republic	Trosečník	TV Prima	Season 1, 2007: Ingrid Golasová	5,000,000 CZK
Denmark	Robinson Ekspeditionen	TV3	Season 1, 1998: Regina Pedersen Season 2, 1999: Dan Marstrand Season 3, 2000: Sonny Pedersen Season 4, 2001: Malene Hasselblad Season 5, 2002: Henrik Ørum Season 6, 2003: Frank Quistgard Season 7, 2004: Mette Frandsen Season 8, 2005: Mogens Brandstrup Season 9, 2006: Diego Tur Season 10, 2007: Rikke Gøransson Season 11, 2008: Daniela Hansen Season 12, 2009: Villy Eenberg Season 13, 2010: Søren Engelbret Season 14, 2011: Hugo Kleister Season 15, 2012: Upcoming Season	1,000,000 DKK 500,000 DKK	Thomas Mygind (Season 1 – 6) Jakob Kjeldbjerg (Season 7 – Present)
	Robinson: VIP		Season 1, 2005: Tilde Fröling2		Mikkel Beha Erichsen (Season 1)
Ecuador	Expedición Robinson	Teleamazonas	Season 1, 2003: Tito Grefa	$30,000 and a car	Marisa Sánchez (Season 1)
Finland	Suomen Robinson	Nelonen	Season 1, 2004: Marjaana Valkeinen Season 2, 2005: Mira Jantunen	€100,000	Jarmo Mäkinen (Season 1) Arttu Harkki (Season 2)
	Selviytyjät Suomi (Survivor Finland)	MTV3	Season 1, 2012: Upcoming Season	€50,000
France	Koh-Lanta	TF1	Season 1, 2001: Gilles Nicolet Season 2, 2002: Amel Fatnassi Season 3, 2003: Isabelle Seguin Season 4, 2004: Philippe Bordier Season 5, 2005: Clémence Castel Season 6, 2006: François-David Cardonnel Season 7, 2007: Jade Handi and Kevin Cuoco Season 8, 2008: Christelle Gauzet Season 9, 2009: Christina Season 10, 2010: Philippe Season 11, 2011: Gérard	€100,000	Hubert Auriol (Season 1) Denis Brogniart (Season 2 – Present)
	Koh-Lanta: All-Stars		Season 1, 2009: Romuald Lafite Season 2, 2010: Grégoire Season 3, 2012: Upcoming Season		Denis Brogniart (Season 1 – 2)
Georgia	უკანასკნელი გმირი Ukanaskneli Gmiri	Rustavi 2	Season 1, 2007–2008: Tamar Chanturashvili
Germany	Survivor	RTL 2 (Season 1 - 2) ProSieben (Season 3)	Season 2, 2001: Alexander Kolo1 Season 3, 2007: Volker	DM100,000 (Season 2) €250,000 (Season 3)
Greece	Survivor	Mega TV	Season 1, 2003: Evagelina Dermetzoglou Season 2, 2004: Konstantina Golias	€200,000 (Season 1 – 2) €250,000 (Season 3)
Greece Turkey	Survivor	Mega TV Show TV	Season 1, 2006: Derya Durmuşlar3	€250,000
Hungary	Survivor A-Sziget	RTL Klub	Season 1, 2003: Tünde Molnár Season 2, 2004: Dávid Hankó	10,000,000 Ft and car	András Stohl (Season 1 – 2)
India	Survivor India	Star Plus	Season 1, 2012 : Raj Rani	₹ 1 crore	Sameer Kochhar
Israel	הישרדות Hisardut	Channel 10	Season 1, 2007-2008: Na'ama Kaesari Season 2, 2008-2009: Erik Alper Season 3, 2009: Shay Arel Season 4, 2010: Natan Bashevkin Season 5, 2011: Irit Rahamim Basis	₪1,000,000	Guy Zoaretz (Season 1 – Present)
	הישרדות: VIP		Season 6, 2012:Current Season
Italy	Survivor Italia	Italia 1	Season 1, 2001: Milica Miletic	€200,000	Pietro Suber (Season 1) Benedetta Corbi (Season 1)
	L'isola dei famosi The Celebrity Island	Rai Due	Season 1, 2003: Walter Nudo Season 2, 2004: Sergio Múñiz Season 3, 2005: Lori Del Santo Season 4, 2006: Luca Calvani Season 5, 2007: Manuela Villa Season 6, 2008: Vladimir Luxuria Season 7, 2010: Daniele Battaglia Season 8, 2011: Giorgia Palmas Season 9, 2012: Antonella Elia	€200,000	Simona Ventura (Season 1–8) Marco Mazzocchi (Season 1–3) Paolo Brosio (Season 4) Francesco Facchinetti (Season 5) Filippo Magnini (Season 6) Rossano Rubicondi (Season 7) Daniele Battaglia (Season 8) Nicola Savino (Season 9) Vladimir Luxuria (Season 9)
Japan	Survivor サバイバ	TBS	Season 1, 2002: Eri Minoshima Season 2, 2002: Asami Kawamura Season 3, 2003: Yasuhito Ebisawa Season 4, 2003: Kōshin Gunji	¥10,000,000	Neptune (Season 1 – 4) Munehiro Tokita (Season 1 – 4)
Norway	Robinson- ekspedisjonen	TV3	Season 1, 1999: Christer Falch Season 2, 2000: Therese Andersen Season 3, 2001: Mia Martinsen Season 4, 2002: Ann Karene Molvig Season 5, 2003: Emil Orderud Season 6, 2004: Jan Stian Gundersen Season 7, 2007: Ann-Kristin Otnes Season 8, 2008: Tom Andre Tveitan Season 9, 2009: Lina Iversen Season 10, 2010: Alita Dagmar Kristensen Season 11, 2011: Lillan Ramøy Season 12, 2012: Current Season	NOK300,000	Nils Ole Oftebro (Season 1) Christer Falch (Season 2 – Present)
	Robinson: VIP		Season 1, 2005: Tilde Fröling2		Mikkel Beha Erichsen (Season 1)
Pakistan	Mountain Dew Survivor	PTV ARY TVOne	Season 1, 2006: Muhammad Ziad	US$100,000
Philippines	Survivor Philippines	GMA	Season 1, 2008: John Carlo "JC" Tiuseco Season 2, 2009: Amanda Coolley Van Cooll	₱3,000,000	Paolo Bediones (Season 1 – 2)
	Survivor Philippines (Celebrity Edition)		Season 3, 2010: Akihiro Sato Season 4, 2011-2012: Albert "Betong" Sumaya Jr.		Richard Gutierrez (Season 3 – Present)
Poland	Wyprawa Robinson	TVN	Season 1, 2004: Katarzyna Drzyżdżyk	100,000 zł	Hubert Urbański (Season 1)
Portugal	Survivor	TVI	Season 1, 2001: Pedro Besugo	Esc10,000,000
Russia	Последний герой Last Hero	C1R	Season 1, 2001: Sergey Odintsov Season 2, 2002-2003: Veronika Norkina Season 3, 2003: Vladimir Presnyakov, Jr Season 4, 2003-2004: Yana Volkova Season 5, 2004: Aleksey Matveyev Season 6, 2005: Alexander "Conan" Alexeev Season 7, 2008-2009: Vladimir Lysenko	3,000,000 RUB	Sergei Bodrov, Jr (Season 1) Dmitry Pevtsov (Season 2) Nikolai Fomenko (Season 3) Aleksandr Domagarov (Season 4) Vladimir Menshov (Season 5) Kseniya Sobchak (Season 7)
Scandinavia	Robinson: VIP (Celebrity Edition)	TV3 Denmark TV3 Norway TV3 Sweden	Season 1, 2005: Tilde Fröling2	SEK500.000 SEK250.000 to charity	Mikkel Beha Erichsen (Season 1)
Serbia	Survivor Srbija	Prva TV3 Slovenia	Season 1, 2008-2009: Nemanja Pavlov Season 2, 2009-2010: Aleksandar Krajišnik	Nissan Patrol (Season 1) €100,000 (Season 1) €100,000 (Season 2)	Andrija Milošević (Season 1 - 4) Marijana Batinić (Season 4)
	Survivor Srbija: VIP	Prva	Season 3, 2010-2011: Andrej Maričić Season 4, 2012: Current Season4	€50,000
South Africa	Survivor South Africa	M-Net	Season 1, 2006: Vanessa Marawa Season 2, 2007: Lorette Mostert Season 3, 2010: Perle "GiGi" van Schalkwyk Season 4, 2011: Hykie Berg	R1,000,000	Mark Bayly (Season 1 - 2) Nico Panagio (Season 3 - 4)
Spain	Supervivientes	Telecinco	Season 1, 2000: Xavier Monjonell Season 2, 2001: Alfredo "Freddy" Cortina	20,000,000 ₧	Juan Manuel López (Season 1 - 2) Paco Lobaton (Season 2)
	La Isla de los Famo S.O.S.	Antena 3	Season 3, 2003: Daniela Cardone Season 4, 2003: Felipe López Season 5, 2004: Jose "Canales" Rivera Season 6, 2005: Víctor Janeiro	€300,000	Paula Vázquez (Season 3 - 6) Alonso Caparrós (Season 3) Nuria Roca (Season 4 - 6)
	Supervivientes	Telecinco	Season 7, 2006: Carmen Russo Season 8, 2007: Nilo Manrique Season 9, 2008: Miriam Sánchez Season 10, 2009: Maite Zúñiga Season 11, 2010: María José Fernández Season 12, 2011: Rosa Benito Season 13, 2012: Upcoming Season	€200,000	Jesús Vázquez (Season 7 - 11) José María Iñigo (Season 7) Mario Picazo (Season 8 - 10) Lucia Riaño (Season 8) Emma García (Season 9, 11) Oscar Martinez (Season 9) Eva Gonzalez (Season 11) Jorge Javier Vázquez (Season 12) Raquel Sánchez (Season 12) Christian Gálvez (Season 12)
Sweden	Expedition Robinson	SVT (Season 1 - 7) TV3 (Season 8 - 9) TV4 (Season 10 - Present)	Season 1, 1997: Martin Melin Season 2, 1998: Alexandra Zazzi Season 3, 1999: Jerker Dalman Season 4, 2000: Mattias Dalerstedt Season 5, 2001-2002: Jan Emanuel Johansson Season 6, 2002: Antoni Matacz Season 7, 2003-2004: Emma Andersson Season 8, 2004: Jerry Forsberg Season 9, 2005-2006: Karolina Conrad Season 10, 2007-2008: Ellenor Pierre Season 11, 2009-2010: Hans Brettschneider Season 12, 2010: Erik Svedberg Season 13, 2011: Mats Kemi Season 14, 2012: Upcoming Season	various amounts	Harald Treutiger (Season 1 - 2) Anders Lundin (Season 3 - 7) Robert Aschberg (Season 8 - 9) Linda Isacsson (Season 10) Paolo Roberto (Season 11 - Present)
	Robinson: VIP	TV3	Season 1, 2005: Tilde Fröling2	SEK500.000 SEK250.000 to charity	Mikkel Beha Erichsen (Season 1) Robert Aschberg (Season 1)
Switzerland	Expedition Robinson	TV3	Season 1, 1999: Andreas Widmer Season 2, 2000: Stefanie Ledermann Season 3, 2001: Cancelled/ Not Aired	€100,000	Silvan Grütter (Season 1 - 3)
Turkey	Survivor Turkey	Kanal D (Season 1)	Season 1, 2005: Uğur Pektaş	€150,000
		Show TV (Season 2 - Present)	Season 2, 2006: Derya Durmuşlar3 Season 3, 2007: Taner Özdeş Season 4, 2010: Merve Oflaz Season 5, 2011: Derya Büyükuncu Season 6, 2012: Upcoming Season	€250,000 (Season 2 - 3) 500,000TL (Season 4)
Ukraine	Oстанній герой Last Hero	ICTV	Season 1, 2011: Andrew Kowalski	€75,000
United Kingdom	Survivor	ITV	Season 1, 2001: Charlotte Hobrough Season 2, 2002: Jonny Gibb	£1,000,000	Mark Austin (Season 1) John Leslie (Season 1) Mark Nicholas (Season 2)
United States	Survivor	CBS	Season 1, 2000: Richard Hatch Season 2, 2001: Tina Wesson Season 3, 2001-2002: Ethan Zohn Season 4, 2002: Vecepia Towery Season 5, 2002: Brian Heidik Season 6, 2003: Jenna Morasca Season 7, 2003: Sandra Diaz-Twine Season 8, 2004: Amber Brkich Season 9, 2004: Chris Daugherty Season 10, 2005: Tom Westman Season 11, 2005: Danni Boatwright Season 12, 2006: Aras Baskauskas Season 13, 2006: Yul Kwon Season 14, 2007: Earl Cole Season 15, 2007: Todd Herzog Season 16, 2008: Parvati Shallow Season 17, 2008: Robert "Bob" Crowley Season 18, 2009: James "J.T." Thomas Jr. Season 19, 2009: Natalie White Season 20, 2010: Sandra Diaz-Twine Season 21, 2010: Jud "Fabio" Birza Season 22, 2011: Rob Mariano Season 23, 2011: Sophie Clarke Season 24, 2012: Kim Spradlin Season 25, 2012: Upcoming Season Season 26, 2013: Upcoming Season	US$1,000,000	Jeff Probst (Season 1 - Present)
Venezuela	Robinson La Gran Aventura	Venevisión	Season 1, 2001: Gabriel Pérez Season 2, 2003: Graciela Boza	100,000,000 VEB

^1 The German Survivor created their own version after airing a co-production of Austrian-German Survivor in season 1. Austria hadn't continued its own series nor co-produced an Austrian-German Survivor after season 1.
^2 Expedition Robinson 2005 (VIP) was a pan-regional version of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
^3 Survivor: Greece vs. Turkey is a co-production between Greek and Turkish Survivor franchises. It was the third season of the popular show Survivor to air in Greece and the second season to air in Turkey. This was the first time that either country's franchise competed with another country and because of this the major twist this season was that the tribes were divided up by country of origin.
^4 Is a season co-produced by the Croatian and Serbian franchises. It was the second season of Survivor to air in Croatia and the fourth season to air in Serbia.

Other media

Thrill ride

One of the more novel merchandising items has been the interactive Survivor: The Ride thrill ride at California's Great America in Santa Clara, California. The ride includes a rotating platform on which riders are divided into one of four "tribes." As the ride moves along an undulating track, riders can be sprayed by water guns hidden in oversized tribal masks while drums and other familiar Survivor musical accents play in the background. Other theming includes Survivor memorabilia throughout the queue line and other merchandise for sale in nearby gift shops. The ride has since been rethemed as Tiki Twirl.

Online games

During the first Survivor seasons many online games based on forums were created. Often referred to as "ORGs" (an acronym meaning Online Reality Games), they are slowly becoming less popular. More specific Survivor online games appeared later being Tengaged specifically developed to simulate all the Survivor experiences where several online participants form tribes which will compete with each other. Participants compete for immunity to avoid being evicted while trying to get food, water and supplies for their tribes.

See also

• Expedition Robinson
• Survivor: The Ride
• Survivor Live on stage
• List of television show franchises

Further reading

United Kingdom Season #1 (2001)

• Waddell, Dan. Survivor: Trust No One: The Official Inside Story of TV's Toughest Challenge. London: Carlton, [December,] 2001.

United Kingdom Season #2: Survivor: Panama (2002)

• Waddell, Dan. Survivor: Panama. London: Carlton, [June,] 2002.

United States Season #1: Survivor: Pulau Tiga, Borneo (2000)

• Boesch, Rudy, and Jeff Herman. The Book of Rudy: The Wit and Wisdom of Rudy Boesch. No location: Adams Media Corporation, 2001.
• Burnett, Mark, with Martin Dugard. Survivor: The Ultimate Game: The Official Companion Book to the CBS Television Show. New York: TV Books, 2000.
• Hatch, Richard. 101 Survival Secrets: How to Make $1,000,000, Lose 100 Pounds, and Just Plain Live Happily. New York: Lyons Press, 2000.
• Lance, Peter. Stingray: Lethal Tactics of the Sole Survivor: The Inside Story of How the Castaways were Controlled on the Island and Beyond. Portland, Oregon: R.R. Donnelley, 2000.

United States Season #2: Survivor: The Australian Outback (2001)

• Burnett, Mark. Dare to Succeed: How to Survive and Thrive in the Game of Life. No location: Hyperion, 2001.
• Survivor II: The Field Guide: The Official Companion to the CBS Television Show. New York: TV Books, 2001.

United States Season #6: Survivor: Amazon (2003)

• ChillOne, The. The Spoiler: Revealing the Secrets of Survivor. Lincoln, Nebraska: iUniverse, 2003.

United States Season #9: Survivor: Vanuatu -Islands of Fire (2004)

• Burnett, Mark. Jump In!: Even If You Don't Know How to Swim. New York: Ballantine Books, 2005.

Various Seasons, esp. United States 1–6

• Survivor Lessons, edited by Matthew J. Smith and Andrew F. Wood. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2004.
• Wright, Christopher J. Tribal Warfare: Survivor and the Political Unconscious of Reality Television (Series: Critical Studies in Television). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2006.

External links

• Survivor Africa
• Survivor Bulgaria
• Survivor Finland
• Survivor France
• Survivor Germany
• Survivor Israel
• (Celebrity) Survivor Italy
• Survivor Pakistan
• Survivor Philippines
• Survivor Poland
• Last Hero Russia
• Survivor Serbia
• Survivor South Africa
• Survivor Spain
• Survivor Turkey
• Last Hero Ukraine
• Survivor United States
• Survivor India