Transport in Ethiopia
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[edit] Railways
total:
- 681 km (Ethiopian segment of the Addis Ababa - Djibouti Railway), all 1,000 mm (3 ft 33⁄8 in) narrow gauge
- note: At present the railway is under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia, but negotiations are underway to privatize this transport utility.
[edit] Railway links to adjacent countries
Djibouti - yes - 1,000 mm (3 ft 33⁄8 in)
Somalia - no railways
Kenya - no - same gauge 1,000 mm (3 ft 33⁄8 in)
Sudan - no - break of gauge 1,000 mm (3 ft 33⁄8 in)/1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
Eritrea - no break-of-gauge 1,000 mm (3 ft 33⁄8 in)/950 mm (3 ft 13⁄8 in)
[edit] Ethiopian cities served by rail
[edit] Existing
[edit] Proposed
Several never-built lines were proposed by the Italians after their conquest of Ethiopia in 1935.
The newly formed Ethiopian Railway Corporation (ERC) has been tasked to build a network 5,000 kilometers in length connecting different parts of the country. The ERC was established in November 2007 under the supervision of the Ministry of Transport and Communications, by decision of the Council of Ministers, with a paid up capital of US$750 million. This project will comprise in its initial phase building a railway network in Addis Ababa: From Entoto to Kaliti, and from Keranio to Ayat residential estate. Junedin Sado, Minister of Transport and Communications, is also chairman of the Board of Directors for the Corporation. Other directors include Arkebe Oqubay, Mekonnen Manyazewal, and Tadesse Haile, state ministers for Works and Urban Development, Finance and Economic Development, and Trade and Industry, respectively. Mehiret Debebe, general manager of the Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation, is also a director of the Board. The directors have already appointed chief executive officer for the Corporation: Getachew Betru, an engineer trained in the United Kingdom.[citation needed]
[edit] 2009
Expansion plans include 5000 km of new lines, standard gauge, and electrification at 25 kV AC. [1]
[edit] 2008
A concrete sleeper plant has also been built at Dire Dawa
[edit] 2006
- 2 November 2006 - Ineco Spt of Spain has been named the preferred choice for supervision and administration of rehabilitation work on the 781 km Ethio-Djibouti Railway for €2.2 million. Consta - an Italian company - will undertake the actual reconstruction at a cost of €40 million (about R360m). Comazar of South Africa has been awarded the 25-year concession. Rails are to be upgraded from 20 kg/m to 40 kg/m, to carry substantially increased loads. A fleet of new locomotives and freight wagons will be brought in by the concessionaire.[2]
[edit] History
In French.[3]
[edit] Highways
As the first part of a 10-year Road Sector Development Program, between 1997 and 2002 the Ethiopian government began a sustained effort to improve its infrastructure of roads. As a result, as of 2002 Ethiopia has a total (Federal and Regional) 33,297 km of roads, both paved and gravel. The share of Federally managed roads in good quality improved from 14% in 1995 to 31% in 2002 as a result of this program, and the road density increased from 21 km per 1000 km2 (in 1995) to 30 km; however, this is still less than the average of 50 km per 1000 km2 for Africa.[4]
The Ethiopian government has begun second part of the Road Sector Development Program, which is scheduled for completion in 2007. This will involve the upgrading or construction of over 7,500 km of roads, with the goal of improving the average road density for Ethiopia to 35 km per 1000 km2, and reduce the proportion of the country area that is more than 5 km from an all-weather road from 75% to 70%.[5]
As of 2006, Ethiopia only had one expressway-the Addis Ababa Ring Road. This is a four-lane limited-access, divided highway, forming a beltway around the capital. Some portions are still yet to be completed. The majority of its interchanges consist of roundabouts. Pedestrian bridges were constructed every kilometer, to reduce the risk of accidents. While not built to expressway standards, many roads in Addis Ababa and other cities can be considered dual carriageways and have up to 4 lanes in each direction with hardly any junctions.
- total (Regional and Federal): 33,297 km
- asphalt: 3,789 km
- gravel: 27,782 km
- maintained by Regional government: 16,680 km
Major roads include:
No 1: north from Addis Ababa 891 km via Dessie to Adigrat, from Dessie to Weldiya. Designated part of the Ndjamena-Djibouti Trans-African Highway 6 (TAH 6)
No 2: east from Dessie 482 km to Aseb. Designated part of the Ndjamena-Djibouti TAH 6
No 3: north from Addis Ababa across the Blue Nile at Dejen and again at Bahir Dar east around Lake Tana 979 km via Gondar and Aksum to Adwa. Designated part of the Cairo-Cape Town Trans-African Highway 4 (TAH 4) from Addis Ababa to Gondar, and part of TAH 6 from Wereta to Gondar
No 4: east from Addis Ababa 542 km via Dire Dawa to Jijiga
No 5: west from Addis Ababa 322 km to Nekemte
No 6: south from Addis Ababa 797 km via Shashamene to Moyale. Designated part of TAH 4;
No 7: south-west from Addis Ababa 336 km via Waliso (Ghion) to Jimma
No 8: south from Nazret 193 km via Asella to Dodola
No 18: north from Awash on No 4 305 km to Mille on No 2
No 30: south-east from Jijiga 696 km across the Ogaden to the Shabelle valley
No 43: south-west from Nekemte 226 km to Metu
No 44: south-east from Shashamene 308 km to Dolo Odo (Doolow)[6]
[edit] Ports and harbours
None. Ethiopia is landlocked and was by agreement with Eritrea using the ports of Asseb and Massawa; since the Eritrean-Ethiopian War, Ethiopia has used the port of Djibouti for nearly all of its imports.
[edit] Merchant marine
total: 12 ships (with a volume of 1,000 gross register tons (GRT) or over) totaling 84,915 GRT/112,634 metric tons deadweight (DWT) (1999 est.); 9 ships (with a volume of 1,000 GRT or over) 81,933 GRT/101,287 DWT (2003 est.)
ships by type: cargo ship 7; container ship 1; petroleum tanker 1; roll-on/roll-off ship 3 (1999 est.), 1 (2003 est.)
[edit] Airports
84 (2005 est.)
[edit] Airports - with paved runways
total: 14
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2003 est.)
[edit] Airports - with unpaved runways
total: 68
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 13
914 to 1,523 m: 27
under 914 m: 23 (2003 est.)
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ http://www.railpage.com.au/f-t11339022.htm
- ^ RailwaysAfrica
- ^ http://www.train-franco-ethiopien.com/index.html
- ^ "Ethiopia - Second Road Sector Development Program Project", p.3 (World Bank Project Appraisal Document, 19 May 2003)
- ^ World Bank, "Second Road Sector", p.11
- ^ Africa North East, Michelin 2007, Africa North East GeoCenter 1999, Maplandia
[edit] External links
- Ethiopian Shipping Lines, S.C. (The Ethiopian Merchant Marine Corporation)
- Ethiopian Road Authority homepage
[edit] Further reading
- "Chapter 8: Transport and Communications" in Richard Pankhurst, Economic History of Ethiopia (1800 - 1935) (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University Press, 1968).
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This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the CIA World Factbook.
