Bristol Coanda Monoplanes: Difference between revisions
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The Romanian aircraft designer [[Henri Coandă]] joined Bristol in January 1912. His first design for Bristol was a two-seat monoplane trainer, a development of the [[Bristol Prier monoplane|Bristol Prier Monoplane]], controlled by [[wing warping]]. The first prototype flew in March 1912.<ref name="bristol 1910"/> A series of similar aircraft followed with both tandem and side-by-side [[cockpit]]s, known as the '''School Monoplane''' and the '''Side by Side Monoplane'''. |
The Romanian aircraft designer [[Henri Coandă]] joined Bristol in January 1912. His first design for Bristol was a two-seat monoplane trainer, a development of the [[Bristol Prier monoplane|Bristol Prier Monoplane]], controlled by [[wing warping]]. The first prototype flew in March 1912.<ref name="bristol 1910"/> A series of similar aircraft followed with both tandem and side-by-side [[cockpit]]s, known as the '''School Monoplane''' and the '''Side by Side Monoplane'''. |
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A more powerful derivative was built for a [[1912 British Military Aeroplane Competition|competition]] to provide aircraft for the British [[War Office]]. Two aircraft, known as '''Competition Monoplanes''' were built and entered into the competition, together with two [[Bristol Gordon England biplanes]]. The aircraft were flown by Harry Busteed, Bristol's test pilot and James Valentine.<ref>{{ cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1912/1912%20-%200698.html |title=The Military Competition Machines |work=Flight |publisher=Flightglobal |date=1912-08-03 | |
A more powerful derivative was built for a [[1912 British Military Aeroplane Competition|competition]] to provide aircraft for the British [[War Office]]. Two aircraft, known as '''Competition Monoplanes''' were built and entered into the competition, together with two [[Bristol Gordon England biplanes]]. The aircraft were flown by Harry Busteed, Bristol's test pilot and James Valentine.<ref>{{ cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1912/1912%20-%200698.html |title=The Military Competition Machines |work=Flight |publisher=Flightglobal |date=1912-08-03 |access-date=2013-10-13}}</ref> |
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These did well in the competition, rated equal fifth and were described at the time as "well-designed and well-constructed" though criticised as "heavy for the wing area" and lacking in power.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1912/1912%20-%200988.html |title=Military Trials |work=Flight |date=1912-11-02 |page=988}}</ref> This resulted in their being purchased by the War Office for use as trainers by the [[Royal Flying Corps]].<ref name="bristol 1910"/> These two aircraft formed the basis for a revised military trainer, the '''Military Monoplane''', which had increased wingspan. |
These did well in the competition, rated equal fifth and were described at the time as "well-designed and well-constructed" though criticised as "heavy for the wing area" and lacking in power.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1912/1912%20-%200988.html |title=Military Trials |work=Flight |date=1912-11-02 |page=988}}</ref> This resulted in their being purchased by the War Office for use as trainers by the [[Royal Flying Corps]].<ref name="bristol 1910"/> These two aircraft formed the basis for a revised military trainer, the '''Military Monoplane''', which had increased wingspan. |
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The first School and Side by Side monoplanes entered service with flying schools operated by Bristol at [[Larkhill]] and [[Brooklands]]. One tandem and two side-by-side machines were sold to [[Italy]], with four tandem and three side-by-side aircraft being sold to [[Romania]]. |
The first School and Side by Side monoplanes entered service with flying schools operated by Bristol at [[Larkhill]] and [[Brooklands]]. One tandem and two side-by-side machines were sold to [[Italy]], with four tandem and three side-by-side aircraft being sold to [[Romania]]. |
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The two Competition Monoplanes were bought by the War Office after the Military Aircraft Competition, being used as trainers for the RFC. However, on 10 September 1912, one of the Competition Monoplanes crashed, killing Lieutenants Edward Hotchkiss and [[Claude Bettington]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/milestones-of-flight/british_military/1912.html |title=RAF Museum |access-date=2007-07-19 |
The two Competition Monoplanes were bought by the War Office after the Military Aircraft Competition, being used as trainers for the RFC. However, on 10 September 1912, one of the Competition Monoplanes crashed on Godstow Road, [[Wolvercote|Lower Wolvercote]], [[Oxfordshire]], killing Lieutenants Edward Hotchkiss and [[Claude Bettington]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/milestones-of-flight/british_military/1912.html |title=RAF Museum |access-date=2007-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704135346/http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/milestones-of-flight/british_military/1912.html |archive-date=2007-07-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While this was traced to one of the [[Flying wires|bracing wires]] becoming detached, it resulted in a five-month ban of flying of all monoplanes by the military wing of the RFC.<ref name="bristol 1910"/> |
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Despite this ban, Military Monoplanes were purchased by [[Romania]] and [[Italy]], with a production license being granted to [[Caproni]] (although this license was later cancelled, only two being built by Caproni).<ref name="bristol 1910"/> |
Despite this ban, Military Monoplanes were purchased by [[Romania]] and [[Italy]], with a production license being granted to [[Caproni]] (although this license was later cancelled, only two being built by Caproni).<ref name="bristol 1910"/> |
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*[[Corpo Aeronautico Militare]] |
*[[Corpo Aeronautico Militare]] |
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;{{ROM}} |
;{{ROM}} |
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*[[ |
*[[Romanian Air Corps]] |
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;{{UK}} |
;{{UK}} |
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*[[Royal Flying Corps]] |
*[[Royal Flying Corps]] |
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==Aircraft on display== |
==Aircraft on display== |
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[[File:Caproni Bristol monoplane three-quarter view.JPG|thumb|Caproni Bristol monoplane in the [[Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics]], [[Trento]], Italy]] |
[[File:Caproni Bristol monoplane three-quarter view.JPG|thumb|Caproni Bristol monoplane in the [[Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics]], [[Trento]], Italy]] |
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A single Bristol Coanda Monoplane survives, in the [[Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics]], [[Trento]], Italy, being the oldest surviving Bristol aircraft still in existence. This aircraft was a pattern aircraft sent to Caproni as a basis for their licensed production.,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/bristol.html |title=The Pioneers: An Anthology: Sir Stanley White and his Bristol Aeroplanes 1910–1918 | |
A single Bristol Coanda Monoplane survives, in the [[Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics]], [[Trento]], Italy, being the oldest surviving Bristol aircraft still in existence. This aircraft was a pattern aircraft sent to Caproni as a basis for their licensed production.,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/bristol.html |title=The Pioneers: An Anthology: Sir Stanley White and his Bristol Aeroplanes 1910–1918 |access-date=2007-07-19 }}</ref> never being flown, but was restored to a complete example for display at the museum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtsn.tn.it/caproni/velivoli/caproni-bristol.html |title=Museo G. Caproni – aeronautica, scienza e innovazione |access-date=2007-07-19 |language=it |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927224653/http://www.mtsn.tn.it/caproni/velivoli/caproni-bristol.html |archive-date=2007-09-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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==Specifications (Military)== |
==Specifications (Military)== |
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[[File:Bristol-Coanda Monoplane 3-view.svg| |
[[File:Bristol-Coanda Monoplane 3-view.svg|thumb|right]] |
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{{Aircraft specs |
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{{aircraft specifications |
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|ref=Bristol Aircraft Since 1910<ref name="bristol 1910">{{Cite book |last=Barnes |first=CH |title=Bristol Aircraft Since 1910 |edition=First |year=1964 |place=London |publisher=Putnam }}{{page needed|date=August 2016}}</ref> |
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|ref=Bristol Aircraft Since 1910<ref name="bristol 1910">{{Cite book |last=Barnes |first=CH |title=Bristol Aircraft Since 1910 |edition=First |year=1964 |place=London |publisher=Putnam |page=}}{{page needed|date=August 2016}}</ref> |
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|gross weight lb=1665 |
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|max takeoff weight main= 1,665 lb |
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|eng1 type=7-cylinder air-cooled rotary piston engine |
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|max speed alt= 65–70 mph, 105–113 km/h |
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|more performance=*'''Endurance:''' 5 hours |
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*'''Climb to 3000 ft (915 m):''' 11 min |
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|armament=*12 x 10 lb (4.5 kg) light bombs |
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*Some were equipped with a 7.92 machine gun |
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|guns= Some were equipped with a {{cvt|7.92|mm|3}} calibre machine gun |
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|bombs= 12 x {{cvt|10|lb|1}} light bombs |
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*{{ cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1912/1912%20-%200698.html |title=The Military Competition Machines |work=Flight |publisher=Flightglobal |date=1912-08-03}} – contemporary photographs |
*{{ cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1912/1912%20-%200698.html |title=The Military Competition Machines |work=Flight |publisher=Flightglobal |date=1912-08-03}} – contemporary photographs |
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{{Bristol aircraft}} |
{{Bristol aircraft}} |
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{{Aviation accidents and incidents before 1920}} |
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{{Aviation accidents and incidents in the United Kingdom}} |
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[[Category:Bristol Aeroplane Company aircraft|Monoplanes]] |
[[Category:Bristol Aeroplane Company aircraft|Monoplanes]] |
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[[Category:1910s British military trainer aircraft]] |
[[Category:1910s British military trainer aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in England]] |
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[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1912]] |
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[[Category:Henri Coandă]] |
[[Category:Henri Coandă]] |
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[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]] |
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Mid-wing aircraft]] |
[[Category:Mid-wing aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Rotary-engined aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1912]] |
Latest revision as of 23:02, 12 October 2021
Bristol-Coanda Monoplanes | |
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![]() | |
Role | Trainer |
Manufacturer | Bristol Aeroplane Company |
Designer | Henri Coandă |
First flight | 1912 |
Number built | 37 |
Variants | Bristol TB.8 |
The Bristol Coanda Monoplanes were a series of monoplane trainers designed by the Romanian designer Henri Coandă for the British company British and Colonial Aeroplane Company.
Several versions of the plane were built from 1912 onwards with both tandem and side-by-side cockpits. Several were purchased by the War Office for use as trainers by the Royal Flying Corps. International purchases were by Italy and Romania. One example survives in the Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics, Trento, Italy.
Design and development
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/A_Bristol_Coanda_monoplane%2C_ca._1912.jpg/220px-A_Bristol_Coanda_monoplane%2C_ca._1912.jpg)
The Romanian aircraft designer Henri Coandă joined Bristol in January 1912. His first design for Bristol was a two-seat monoplane trainer, a development of the Bristol Prier Monoplane, controlled by wing warping. The first prototype flew in March 1912.[1] A series of similar aircraft followed with both tandem and side-by-side cockpits, known as the School Monoplane and the Side by Side Monoplane.
A more powerful derivative was built for a competition to provide aircraft for the British War Office. Two aircraft, known as Competition Monoplanes were built and entered into the competition, together with two Bristol Gordon England biplanes. The aircraft were flown by Harry Busteed, Bristol's test pilot and James Valentine.[2]
These did well in the competition, rated equal fifth and were described at the time as "well-designed and well-constructed" though criticised as "heavy for the wing area" and lacking in power.[3] This resulted in their being purchased by the War Office for use as trainers by the Royal Flying Corps.[1] These two aircraft formed the basis for a revised military trainer, the Military Monoplane, which had increased wingspan.
The Military Monoplane later formed the basis for the Bristol TB.8, several being rebuilt into TB8s.
Operational history
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Wolvercote_TollBridge_Monument_Bettington%26Hotchkiss.jpg/220px-Wolvercote_TollBridge_Monument_Bettington%26Hotchkiss.jpg)
The first School and Side by Side monoplanes entered service with flying schools operated by Bristol at Larkhill and Brooklands. One tandem and two side-by-side machines were sold to Italy, with four tandem and three side-by-side aircraft being sold to Romania.
The two Competition Monoplanes were bought by the War Office after the Military Aircraft Competition, being used as trainers for the RFC. However, on 10 September 1912, one of the Competition Monoplanes crashed on Godstow Road, Lower Wolvercote, Oxfordshire, killing Lieutenants Edward Hotchkiss and Claude Bettington.[4] While this was traced to one of the bracing wires becoming detached, it resulted in a five-month ban of flying of all monoplanes by the military wing of the RFC.[1]
Despite this ban, Military Monoplanes were purchased by Romania and Italy, with a production license being granted to Caproni (although this license was later cancelled, only two being built by Caproni).[1]
Variants
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bristol_Coand_Monoplane.jpg/220px-Bristol_Coand_Monoplane.jpg)
- School Monoplane
- Trainer aircraft with tandem cockpits. Powered by 50 hp (40 kW) Gnome engine. Six built.
- Side by Side Monoplane
- Trainer aircraft with side-by-side cockpit. Powered by 50 hp (40 kW) Gnome engine. Six built.
- Competition Monoplane
- Two aircraft built for War Office Military Aeroplane Competition. Powered by 80 hp (60 kW) Gnome engine.
- Daimler Monoplane
- Single aircraft powered by 70 hp (50 kW) Daimler engine. Overweight and unsuccessful.
- Military Monoplane
- Improved development of Competition Monoplane with increased wingspan. Powered by 80 hp (60 kW) Gnome engine. 21 built.
Operators
[edit]Aircraft on display
[edit]A single Bristol Coanda Monoplane survives, in the Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics, Trento, Italy, being the oldest surviving Bristol aircraft still in existence. This aircraft was a pattern aircraft sent to Caproni as a basis for their licensed production.,[5] never being flown, but was restored to a complete example for display at the museum[6]
Specifications (Military)
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bristol-Coanda_Monoplane_3-view.svg/220px-Bristol-Coanda_Monoplane_3-view.svg.png)
Data from Bristol Aircraft Since 1910[1]
General characteristics
- Crew: 2
- Length: 29 ft 3 in (8.92 m)
- Wingspan: 37 ft 8 in (11.48 m)
- Wing area: 450 sq ft (42 m2)
- Empty weight: 970 lb (440 kg)
- Gross weight: 1,665 lb (755 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Gnome Lambda 7-cylinder air-cooled rotary piston engine, 80 hp (60 kW)
- Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller
Performance
- Maximum speed: 65–70 mph (105–113 km/h, 56–61 kn)
- Endurance: 5 hours
- Time to altitude: 3,000 ft (914 m) in 11 minutes
Armament
- Guns: Some were equipped with a 7.92 mm (0.312 in) calibre machine gun
- Bombs: 12 x 10 lb (4.5 kg) light bombs
See also
[edit]Related development
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Barnes, CH (1964). Bristol Aircraft Since 1910 (First ed.). London: Putnam.[page needed]
- ^ "The Military Competition Machines". Flight. Flightglobal. 3 August 1912. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
- ^ "Military Trials". Flight. 2 November 1912. p. 988.
- ^ "RAF Museum". Archived from the original on 4 July 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2007.
- ^ "The Pioneers: An Anthology: Sir Stanley White and his Bristol Aeroplanes 1910–1918". Retrieved 19 July 2007.
- ^ "Museo G. Caproni – aeronautica, scienza e innovazione" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2007.
External links
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- "The Military Competition Machines". Flight. Flightglobal. 3 August 1912. – contemporary photographs