Anaa
 NASA picture of Anaa Atoll | |
  Anaa | |
| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Location | Pacific Ocean |
| Coordinates | 17°20′31″S 145°30′31″W / 17.34194°S 145.50861°W |
| Archipelago | Tuamotus |
| Area | 90 km2 (35 sq mi) (lagoon) 38 km2 (15 sq mi) (above water) |
| Length | 29.5 km (18.33 mi) |
| Width | 6.5 km (4.04 mi) |
| Highest elevation | 11 m (36 ft) |
| Highest point | (unnamed) |
| Administration | |
France | |
| Overseas collectivity | French Polynesia |
| Administrative subdivision | Îles Tuamotu-Gambier |
| Commune | Anaa |
| Largest settlement | Tuuhora |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 530[1] (2022) |
| Pop. density | 14/km2 (36/sq mi) |
Anaa, Nganaa-nui (or Ara-ura)[2] is an atoll in the Tuamotu archipelago, in French Polynesia. It is located in the north-west of the archipelago, 350 km to the east of Tahiti. It is oval in shape, 29.5 km in length and 6.5 km wide, with a total land area of 38 km2 and a population of 504. The atoll is made up by eleven small barren islands with deeper and more fertile soil than other atolls in the Tuamotus. The lagoon is shallow, without entrance, and formed by three main basins. Although it does not have any navigable access, the water of the lagoon renews by several small channels that can be crossed walking.
History
[edit]
The atoll of Anaa was known by the legendary cruelty of its soldiers who in the seventeenth century, dominated the north-west of the Tuamotus.
The Spanish expedition of Pedro Fernández de Quirós landed on Conversión de San Pablo on 10 February 1606, since identified as either Anaa or Hao.[3] The sighting of Anaa was recorded by French explorer Louis Antoine de Bougainville in 1768.[4] James Cook sighted it in 1769. Because of its shape, he called it Chain Island. Later, Anaa was visited by Spanish explorer Domingo de Bonechea,[5] on November 1 of 1772, who called it Isla de Todos los Santos (All Saints Island) because they arrived on All Saints' Day.
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, control of the atoll went to the Pomaré of Tahiti. Around 1850 Anaa was an active center of the nacre commerce and copra, with a maximum population of 2,000. The missionary competition between Mormons of North America and French Catholics led to a revolt in 1852, and an intervention by French colonial troops.
In 1878 and 1906 Anaa suffered severe hurricane damages and was completely flooded. After the hurricane of 1983, the only village was moved and reconstructed, incorporating a refuge shelter with capacity for all its population.
Anaa has a territorial airport which was inaugurated in 1976.
Geography
[edit]Anaa is located 66 km south of Faaite Atoll, 78 km from Tahanea Atoll and 377 km east of Tahiti; and is an oval atoll 29.5 km long and 6.5 km wide, with a total area of 38 km2. The coral reef is made up of eleven islets with deeper and more fertile soil than the other atolls of the Tuamotu, of which nine are named:
Kereteki, Mania, Omanaotika, Oparari, Otepipi, Putuahara, Teharie, Tematahoa and Tukuhora.[6]
The lagoon is shallow, with no navigable passages to the ocean, and consists of 3 main basins. Although it has no navigable passages, the lagoon water is renewed by several shallow channels that can be crossed on foot.
Geology
[edit]Geologically, the atoll is the coral outgrowth (105 meters) of the top of a large volcanic seamount of the same name (the "Anaa Ridge", 11,438 m3), measuring 3,415 meters from the seafloor, formed some 52.5-59.6 million years ago.[7]
Fauna and flora
[edit]The atoll is home to an endemic population of long-billed warblers and its lagoon has colonies of Cardium fragum.[8]
Tuuhora
[edit]The main village is Tuuhora, also called Tukuhora or Anaa, with a population of about 350. The other small villages like Temarie, Otepipi, Mania and Tematahoa have small seasonal population. The population subsists mainly on fishing, the cultivation of nacre and the production of copra.
Demography
[edit]The population was 530 in 2022,[1] and lives mainly from fishing, mother-of-pearl farming and copra production.
In 2017, the total population of Anaa was 494 people[9] and its evolution is as follows:
| 1983 | 1988 | 1996 | 2002 | 2007 | 2012 | 2017 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 400 | 426 | 411 | 435 | 463 | 496 | 494 | 530 | |
| Sources: ISPF and Government of French Polynesia. | ||||||||
Religion
[edit]In 1850, Anaa was an active mother-of-pearl and copra trading centre, with a maximum population of 2000 people. In 1852, French colonial troops intervened, following an uprising resulting from competition between North American Mormons and French Catholics. Today, most of the population is affiliated with Christianity. The Catholic Church owns a religious building on the atoll (on Tukuhora) called St. Joseph's Church (Église de Saint-Joseph)[10] which is under the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Papeete based in Tahiti.
Economy
[edit]Most of the atoll's economic activity is related to fishing and fish farming, as well as copra production, with coconut plantations cultivated on virtually every motus (islets).
Anaa has an airfield (IATA code: AAA) near the main town of Tukuhora with a runway 1,400 meters long. On average, it handles about 140 flights and 3,500 passengers per year.[11]
Commune of Anaa
[edit]Anaa | |
|---|---|
 Location (in red) within the Tuamotu Archipelago | |
Location of Anaa  | |
| Coordinates: 17°20′31″S 145°30′31″W / 17.3419°S 145.5087°W | |
| Country | France |
| Overseas collectivity | French Polynesia |
| Subdivision | Îles Tuamotu-Gambier |
| Area 1 | 55.7 km2 (21.5 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[1] | 970 |
| • Density | 17/km2 (45/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−10:00 |
| INSEE/Postal code | 98711 / |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
The atoll Anaa is part of the commune (municipality) Anaa, that is part of the administrative subdivision of the Îles Tuamotu-Gambier.[12] This commune also includes the associated atoll of Faaite and the uninhabited atolls of Tahanea and Motutunga.[13] The seat of the commune is the village Tuuhora.[13]
Overview
[edit]| Atoll | main village |
Population 2022[1] |
land area (km2)[14] |
lagoon (km2) |
Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| commune associée of Anaa | |||||
| Anaa | Tuuhora | 530 | 37.7 | 90 | 17°20′S 145°30′W / 17.333°S 145.500°W |
| commune associée of Faaite | |||||
| Faaite | Hitianau | 440 | 18.0 | 227 | 16°43′S 145°19′W / 16.717°S 145.317°W |
| Motutunga | - | - | 126 | 17°04′S 144°17′W / 17.067°S 144.283°W | |
| Tahanea | - | - | 522.5 | 16°50′S 144°45′W / 16.833°S 144.750°W | |
| commune of Anaa | Tukuhora | 970 | 55.7 | 965.5 | |
Faaite
[edit]Faaite is an atoll located 60 km to the north of Anaa. The total surface of the atoll is of 230 km2. Its dry land area has a surface of 9 km2. The inner lagoon has a navigable channel to the ocean. The main village is Hitianau, with a total population of 246. It was discovered by John Turnbull in 1802, the first retailer of the Pacific who used the route of Tahiti to Hawaii. Historically the atoll also has been known as Miloradovich.
Tahanea
[edit]Tahanea is an atoll of 63 km2, with three passages towards the interior of the lagoon. It is uninhabited and is visited occasionally. It was discovered by Domingo Bonaechea in 1772, who called it San Julian. It has also been known as Tchitschagof.
Motutunga
[edit]Motutunga is an uninhabited atoll, with a passage to the interior of the nonnavigable lagoon. Domingo Bonaechea called it San Blas. It has also been known as Adventure Island.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d "Les résultats du recensement de la population 2022 de Polynésie française" [Results of the 2022 population census of French Polynesia] (PDF) (in French). Institut de la statistique de la Polynésie française. January 2023.
- ^ Young, J.L. (1899). "Names of the Paumotu Islands, with the old names so far as they are known". Journal of the Polynesian Society. 8 (4): 264–268. Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
- ^ Langdon, Robert The Lost Caravel Sidney, 1975, p.47; Maude, H. E. Spanish discoveries in the Pacific, JPS 1959, 68:4 p.285-326.
- ^ Tahiti et ses archipels par Pierre-Yves Toullelan, éditions Karthala, 1991, ISBN 2-86537-291-X, p.61.
- ^ Salmond, Anne (2010). Aphrodite's Island. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 241. ISBN 9780520261143.
- ^ "scriptol.com". Archived from the original on 2014-08-10.
- ^ "Seamount Catalog -- Anaa Ridge -- Tuamotu Seamount Trail". earthref.org. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
- ^ Dahl, Arthur Lyon (1986). Review of the Protected Areas System in Oceania: Based on the Work of Arthur Lyon Dahl. The Union. ISBN 978-2-88032-509-1.
- ^ "Atlas de Polynésie - Tuamotu Gambier - ANAA". Direction des Ressources Marines (in French). Retrieved 2021-09-30.
- ^ "Église de Saint-Joseph". GCatholic. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
- ^ "Union des Aéroports Français". www.aeroport.fr. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
- ^ Décret n° 2005-1611 du 20 décembre 2005 pris pour l'application du statut d'autonomie de la Polynésie française, Légifrance
- ^ a b Décret n°72-407 du 17 mai 1972 portant création de communes dans le territoire de la Polynésie française, Légifrance
- ^ "R1- Population sans doubles comptes, des subdivisions, communes et communes associées de Polynésie française, de 1971 à 1996". Institut de la statistique de la Polynésie française. Archived from the original on 2012-11-14. Retrieved 2019-03-14.
External links
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 Tuamotus  Gambiers | Islands/Atolls |  | |
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| Island groups | |||
| International | |
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| National | |
