25th G8 summit: Difference between revisions
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==Leaders at the Summit== |
==Leaders at the Summit== |
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The composition of the G8 summit is a perennial topic. The G8 summits after 1997 considered the [[President of the European Commission]] as a permanently welcome participant in all meetings and decision-making, which means that this G8 summit has nine essential participants.<ref name="reuters_what"/> |
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===Permanent G8+1 participants=== |
===Permanent G8+1 participants=== |
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*{{flagicon|Canada}} '''[[Canada]]''' - [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Jean Chrétien]].<ref name="j-mofa1"/> |
*{{flagicon|Canada}} '''[[Canada]]''' - [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Jean Chrétien]].<ref name="j-mofa1"/> |
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*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''[[United Kingdom]]''' - [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[Tony Blair]].<ref name="j-mofa1"/> |
*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''[[United Kingdom]]''' - [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[Tony Blair]].<ref name="j-mofa1"/> |
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*{{flagicon|USA}} '''[[United States]]''' - [[President of the United States|President]] [[Bill Clinton]].<ref name="j-mofa1"/> |
*{{flagicon|USA}} '''[[United States]]''' - [[President of the United States|President]] [[Bill Clinton]].<ref name="j-mofa1"/> |
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*{{flagicon|EU}} '''[[European Union]]''' - Acting [[President of the European Commission|President]] [[Jacques Santer]]<ref name="ec1">{{cite web| url = http://www.deljpn.ec.europa.eu/union/showpage_en_union.external.g8.php| title = EU and the G8| accessdate = 2007-09-25| publisher = European Commission}}</ref> |
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==Priorities== |
==Priorities== |
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Revision as of 21:46, 10 April 2009
| 25th G8 summit | |
|---|---|
| File:Logo COLOGNE 1999.png 25th G8 summit official logo | |
| Host country | Germany |
| Dates | June 18-20 |
The 25th G8 Summit was held at Cologne, Germany between June 18th and 20th, 1999. The venue for this summit meeting was the Museum Ludwig in the central city.[1]
Overview
The Group of Seven (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada starting in 1976. The G8, meeting for the first time in 1997, was formed with the addition of Russia.[2] In addition, the President of the European Commission has been formally included in summits since 1981.[3] The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's President Giscard d'Estaing and Germany's Chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the initial summit of the Group of Six (G6) in 1975.[4]
The G8 summits since the late 1990s have inspired widespread debates, protests and demonstrations; and the two- or three-day event becomes more than the sum of its parts, elevating the participants, the issues and the venue as focal points for activist pressure.[5]
Leaders at the Summit
Permanent G8+1 participants
Canada - Prime Minister Jean Chrétien.[1]
France - President Jacques Chirac.[1]
Germany - Chancellor Gerhard Schröder.[1]
Italy - Prime Minister Massimo D'Alema.[1]
Japan - Prime Minister Keizo Obuchi.[1]
Russia - President Boris Yeltsin.[1]
United Kingdom - Prime Minister Tony Blair.[1]
United States - President Bill Clinton.[1]
Priorities
Traditionally, the host country of the G8 summit sets the agenda for negotiations, which take place primarily amongst multi-national civil servants in the weeks before the summit itself, leading to a joint declaration which all countries can agree to sign.
Issues
The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions.[4]
Business opportunity
For some, the G8 summit became a profit-generating event; as for example, the official G8 Summit magazines which have been published under the auspices of the host nations for distribution to all attendees since 1998.[6]
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA): Summit Meetings in the Past.
- ^ Saunders, Doug. "Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders," Globe and Mail (Toronto). July 5, 2008.
- ^ Reuters: "Factbox: The Group of Eight: what is it?", July 3, 2008.
- ^ a b Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations, p. 205.
- ^ "Influencing Policy on International Development: G8," BOND (British Overseas NGOs for Development). 2008.
- ^ Prestige Media: "official" G8 Summit magazine
References
- Bayne, Nicholas and Robert D. Putnam. (2000). Hanging in There: The G7 and G8 Summit in Maturity and Renewal. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing. 10-ISBN 0-754-61185-X; 13-ISBN 978-0-754-61185-1; OCLC 43186692
- Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations. London: Routledge. 10-ISBN 0-415-16486-9; 13-ISBN 978-0-415-16486-3
External links
- Official G8 website: Cologne summit, 1999; n.b., no official website is created for any G7 summit prior to 1995 -- see the 21st G7 summit.
- University of Toronto: G8 Research Group, G8 Information Centre
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