User:MZMcBride/Sandbox 7

• "President Barack Obama". The White House. Retrieved December 12, 2008.</ref>
• "Born in the U.S.A." FactCheck. August 21, 2008. Retrieved October 24, 2008.</ref> at Kapi'olani Maternity & Gynecological Hospital in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States, to Stanley Ann Dunham, an American of predominantly English descent from Wichita, Kansas, and Barack Obama, Sr., a Luo from Nyang’oma Kogelo, Nyanza Province, Kenya Colony. Obama is the first President to have been born in Hawaii. Obama's parents met in 1960 in a Russian language class at the University of Hawaii at Mānoa, where his father was a foreign student on scholarship. The couple married on February 2, 1961, but separated when Barack Sr. went to Harvard University on scholarship, and divorced in 1964. Obama Sr. remarried and returned to Kenya, visiting Barack in Hawaii only once, in 1971. He died in an automobile accident in 1982.
• "Statue of a Young Obama To Watch Over Indonesian Capital". The Jakarta Globe. 2009-12-09. Retrieved 2010-02-19.</ref> From ages six to ten, Obama attended local schools in Jakarta, including Besuki Public School and St. Francis of Assisi School.
• Serafin, Peter (March 21, 2004). "Punahou Grad Stirs Up Illinois Politics". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved April 13, 2008.
• Ripley, Amanda (April 9, 2008). "The Story of Barack Obama's Mother". Time. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
• Suryakusuma, Julia (November 29, 2006). "Obama for President... of Indonesia". Jakarta Post. Retrieved June 24, 2008.</ref>
• Serrano, Richard A (March 11, 2007). "Obama's Peers Didn't See His Angst" (paid archive). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 4, 2008.</ref> Reflecting later on his formative years in Honolulu, Obama wrote: "The opportunity that Hawaii offered—to experience a variety of cultures in a climate of mutual respect—became an integral part of my world view, and a basis for the values that I hold most dear." Obama has also written and talked about using alcohol, marijuana and cocaine during his teenage years to "push questions of who I was out of my mind." At the 2008 Civil Forum on the Presidency, Obama identified his high-school drug use as his "greatest moral failure."
• "Oxy Remembers "Barry" Obama '83". Occidental College. January 29, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2008.</ref> After two years, he transferred in 1981 to Columbia University in New York City, where he majored in political science with a specialty in international relations and graduated with a B.A. in 1983. He worked for a year at the Business International Corporation, then at the New York Public Interest Research Group.
• Secter, Bob; McCormick, John (March 30, 2007). "Portrait of a pragmatist". Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Archived from the original on February 9, 2008. Retrieved June 6, 2008.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Lizza, Ryan (March 19, 2007). "The Agitator: Barack Obama's Unlikely Political Education" (alternate link). New Republic. Retrieved April 13, 2008.
• Matchan, Linda (February 15, 1990). "A Law Review breakthrough" (paid archive). The Boston Globe. p. 29. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
• Corr, John (February 27, 1990). "From mean streets to hallowed halls" (paid archive). The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. C01. Retrieved June 6, 2008.</ref> Obama also worked as a consultant and instructor for the Gamaliel Foundation, a community organizing institute. In mid-1988, he traveled for the first time in Europe for three weeks and then for five weeks in Kenya, where he met many of his paternal relatives for the first time. He returned in August 2006 in a visit to his father's birthplace, a village near Kisumu in rural western Kenya.
• Levenson, Michael; Saltzman, Jonathan (January 28, 2007). "At Harvard Law, a unifying voice". The Boston Globe. Retrieved June 15, 2008.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Kantor, Jodi (January 28, 2007). "In law school, Obama found political voice". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
• Kodama, Marie C (January 19, 2007). "Obama left mark on HLS". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
• Mundy, Liza (August 12, 2007). "A series of fortunate events". The Washington Post. p. W10. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
• Heilemann, John (October 22, 2007). "When they were young". New York. 40 (37): 32–7, 132–3. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
• Butterfield, Fox (February 6, 1990). "First black elected to head Harvard's Law Review". The New York Times. p. A20. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
• Ybarra, Michael J (February 7, 1990). "Activist in Chicago now heads Harvard Law Review" (paid archive). Chicago Tribune. p. 3. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
• Matchan, Linda (February 15, 1990). "A Law Review breakthrough" (paid archive). The Boston Globe. p. 29. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
• Corr, John (February 27, 1990). "From mean streets to hallowed halls" (paid archive). The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. C01. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
• Drummond, Tammerlin (March 12, 1990). "Barack Obama's Law; Harvard Law Review's first black president plans a life of public service" (paid archive). Los Angeles Times. p. E1. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
• Evans, Gaynelle (March 15, 1990). "Opening another door: The saga of Harvard's Barack H. Obama". Black Issues in Higher Education. p. 5. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
• Pugh, Allison J. (Associated Press) (April 18, 1990). "Law Review's first black president aims to help poor" (paid archive). The Miami Herald. p. C01. Retrieved June 15, 2008.</ref> During his summers, he returned to Chicago, where he worked as a summer associate at the law firms of Sidley Austin in 1989 and Hopkins & Sutter in 1990. After graduating with a Juris Doctor (J.D.) magna cum laude from Harvard in 1991, he returned to Chicago. Obama's election as the first black president of the Harvard Law Review gained national media attention and led to a publishing contract and advance for a book about race relations, which evolved into a personal memoir. The manuscript was published in mid-1995 as Dreams from My Father.
• University of Chicago Law School (March 27, 2008). "Statement regarding Barack Obama". University of Chicago Law School. Retrieved June 10, 2008.
• Miller, Joe (March 28, 2008). "Was Barack Obama really a constitutional law professor?". FactCheck.org. Retrieved June 10, 2008.
• Holan, Angie Drobnic (March 7, 2008). "Obama's 20 years of experience". PolitiFact.com. Retrieved June 10, 2008.</ref>
• Jackson, David (April 3, 2007). "Obama Knows His Way Around a Ballot". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 14, 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• White, Jesse (2001). "Legislative Districts of Cook County, 1991 Reapportionment". Illinois Blue Book 2001–2002. Springfield: Illinois Secretary of State. p. 65. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help) State Sen. District 13 = State Rep. Districts 25 & 26.</ref> Once elected, Obama gained bipartisan support for legislation reforming ethics and health care laws. He sponsored a law increasing tax credits for low-income workers, negotiated welfare reform, and promoted increased subsidies for childcare. In 2001, as co-chairman of the bipartisan Joint Committee on Administrative Rules, Obama supported Republican Governor Ryan's payday loan regulations and predatory mortgage lending regulations aimed at averting home foreclosures.
• "13th District: Barack Obama". Illinois State Senate Democrats. August 24, 2000. Archived from the original (archive) on April 12, 2000. Retrieved April 20, 2008. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; August 24, 2000 suggested (help)
• "13th District: Barack Obama". Illinois State Senate Democrats. October 9, 2004. Archived from the original (archive) on August 2, 2004. Retrieved April 20, 2008.</ref> In 2000, he lost a Democratic primary run for the U.S. House of Representatives to four-term incumbent Bobby Rush by a margin of two to one.
• Calmes, Jackie (February 23, 2007). "Statehouse Yields Clues to Obama". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 20, 2008.</ref> He sponsored and led unanimous, bipartisan passage of legislation to monitor racial profiling by requiring police to record the race of drivers they detained, and legislation making Illinois the first state to mandate videotaping of homicide interrogations. During his 2004 general election campaign for U.S. Senate, police representatives credited Obama for his active engagement with police organizations in enacting death penalty reforms. Obama resigned from the Illinois Senate in November 2004 following his election to the U.S. Senate.
• Helman, Scott (October 12, 2007). "Early Defeat Launched a Rapid Political Climb". Boston Globe. Retrieved April 13, 2008.</ref> Decisions by Republican incumbent Peter Fitzgerald and his Democratic predecessor Carol Moseley Braun not to contest the race launched wide-open Democratic and Republican primary contests involving fifteen candidates. In the March 2004 primary election, Obama won in an unexpected landslide—which overnight made him a rising star within the national Democratic Party, started speculation about a presidential future, and led to the reissue of his memoir, Dreams from My Father.
• Bernstein, David (June 2007). "The Speech". Chicago Magazine. Retrieved April 13, 2008.</ref> and it was seen by 9.1 million viewers. His speech was well received and elevated his status within the Democratic Party.
• "Ryan Drops Out of Senate Race in Illinois". CNN. June 25, 2004. Retrieved April 13, 2008. Mendell (2007), pp. 260–271.</ref> Six weeks later, Alan Keyes accepted the Illinois Republican Party's nomination to replace Ryan. In the November 2004 general election, Obama won with 70% of the vote.
• "About Barack Obama". Barack Obama U.S. Senate Office. Retrieved April 27, 2008.</ref> at which time he became the only Senate member of the Congressional Black Caucus. CQ Weekly characterized him as a "loyal Democrat" based on analysis of all Senate votes in 2005–2007. The National Journal ranked him among the "most liberal" senators during 2005 through 2007. He enjoyed high popularity as senator with a 72% approval in Illinois. Obama announced on November 13, 2008 that he would resign his Senate seat on November 16, 2008, before the start of the lame-duck session, to focus on his transition period for the presidency.
• "President Bush Signs Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act". White House. September 26, 2006. {{cite web}}: Text "April 27, 2008" ignored (help)</ref>]]
• U.S. Senate, 109th Congress, 1st Session (May 12, 2005). "S. 1033, Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act". Thomas. Retrieved April 27, 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)</ref> He introduced two initiatives bearing his name: Lugar–Obama, which expanded the Nunn–Lugar cooperative threat reduction concept to conventional weapons, and the Coburn–Obama Transparency Act, which authorized the establishment of USAspending.gov, a web search engine on federal spending. On June 3, 2008, Senator Obama, along with Senators Thomas R. Carper, Tom Coburn, and John McCain, introduced follow-up legislation: Strengthening Transparency and Accountability in Federal Spending Act of 2008.
• {{cite news |last=McIntire |first=Mike |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/03/us/politics/03exelon.html |title=Nuclear Leaks and Response Tested Obama in Senate |date=February 3, 2008
• Daniel Fisher (August 11, 2008). "November Election A Lawyer's Delight". Forbes Magazine. Retrieved January 11, 2009.</ref>
• "Nunn–Lugar Report" (PDF). Richard Lugar U.S. Senate Office. 2005. Retrieved April 30, 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)</ref>]]
• "Democratic Republic of the Congo". United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. 2006. Retrieved April 27, 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
• "The IRC Welcomes New U.S. Law on Congo". International Rescue Committee. January 5, 2007. Retrieved April 27, 2008.</ref> In January 2007, Obama and Senator Feingold introduced a corporate jet provision to the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act, which was signed into law in September 2007. Obama also introduced Deceptive Practices and Voter Intimidation Prevention Act, a bill to criminalize deceptive practices in federal elections and the Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007, neither of which has been signed into law.
• "Obama, Bond Hail New Safeguards on Military Personality Disorder Discharges, Urge Further Action". Kit Bond U.S. Senate Office. October 1, 2007. Retrieved April 27, 2008. See also:
• Dine, Philip (December 23, 2007). "Bond Calls for Review of Military Discharges". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved April 27, 2008.</ref> This amendment passed the full Senate in the spring of 2008. He sponsored the Iran Sanctions Enabling Act supporting divestment of state pension funds from Iran's oil and gas industry, which has not passed committee, and co-sponsored legislation to reduce risks of nuclear terrorism. Obama also sponsored a Senate amendment to the State Children's Health Insurance Program providing one year of job protection for family members caring for soldiers with combat-related injuries.
• "Committee Assignments" (archive). Barack Obama U.S. Senate Office. December 9, 2006. Retrieved April 27, 2008.</ref> In January 2007, he left the Environment and Public Works committee and took additional assignments with Health, Education, Labor and Pensions and Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. He also became Chairman of the Senate's subcommittee on European Affairs. As a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Obama made official trips to Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia and Africa. He met with Mahmoud Abbas before Abbas became President of the Palestinian Authority, and gave a speech at the University of Nairobi condemning corruption in the Kenyan government.
• Pearson, Rick (February 10, 2007). "Obama: I'm running for president". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 20, 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)</ref> The choice of the announcement site was viewed as symbolic because it was also where Abraham Lincoln delivered his historic "House Divided" speech in 1858. Throughout the campaign, Obama emphasized the issues of rapidly ending the Iraq War, increasing energy independence and providing universal health care.
• Nagourney, Adam and Jeff Zeleny (June 4, 2008). "Obama Clinches Nomination". New York Times. Retrieved June 4, 2008.</ref>
• Nagourney, Adam and Jeff Zeleny (August 23, 2008). "Obama picks Biden for veep". San Francisco Chronicle. New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2008.</ref> At the convention, held August 25 to August 28 in Denver, Colorado, Hillary Clinton called for her delegates and supporters to endorse Obama, and she and Bill Clinton gave convention speeches in support of Obama. Obama delivered his acceptance speech to over 75,000 supporters and presented his policy goals; the speech was viewed by over 38 million people worldwide.
• Salant, Jonathan D. (June 19, 2008). "Obama Won't Accept Public Money in Election Campaign". Bloomberg. Retrieved June 19, 2008.</ref>
• "General Election: McCain vs. Obama". Real Clear Politics. Retrieved February 20, 2009.</ref> to become the first African American to be elected president. Obama delivered his victory speech before hundreds of thousands of supporters in Chicago's Grant Park.
• "Obama asks Pentagon for responsible Iraq drawdown". China Daily. January 23, 2009. Retrieved September 4, 2009. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)</ref> and ordered the closing of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp "as soon as practicable and no later than" January 2010. Obama also reduced the secrecy given to presidential records and changed procedures to promote disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act. The president
• Gerstein, Josh (January 24, 2009). "Obama: End Abortion 'Politicization'". Politico.com. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)</ref>
• "Obama Signs Equal-Pay Legislation". New York Times. January 30, 2009. Retrieved June 15, 2009.</ref> Five days later, he signed the reauthorization of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) to cover an additional 4 million children currently uninsured.
• "Obama overturns Bush policy on stem cells". Cnn.com. 2009-03-09. Retrieved 2010-04-18.</ref>
• "Senate confirms Sotomayor for Supreme Court". CNN.com. 6 August 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2009.</ref> becoming the first Hispanic to be a Supreme Court Justice.
• (AFP) – Oct 1, 2009 (2009-10-01). "Google.com". Google.com. Retrieved 2010-04-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)</ref>
• "Obama Signs Defense Policy Bill That Includes 'Hate Crime' Legislation". Foxnews.com. Retrieved 2010-04-18.</ref>
• March 30, 2010 (2010-03-30). "H.R. 4872 Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act | Law of the Land | Breaking News WorldNewsVine". Worldnewsvine.com. Retrieved 2010-04-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)</ref>
• "Stimulus package en route to Obama's desk". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. Retrieved March 29, 2009.</ref> The act includes increased federal spending for health care, infrastructure, education, various tax breaks and incentives, and direct assistance to individuals, which is being distributed over the course of several years.
• "White House questions viability of GM, Chrysler". The Huffington Post. March 30, 2009.</ref> in March, renewing loans for General Motors and Chrysler to continue operations while reorganizing. Over the following months the White House set terms for both firms' bankruptcies, including the sale of Chrysler to Italian automaker Fiat and a reorganization of GM giving the U.S. government a temporary 60% equity stake in the company, with the Canadian government shouldering a 12% stake. In June 2009, unsatisfied with the pace of economic stimulus, Obama called on his cabinet to accelerate the investment. He signed into law the successful Car Allowance Rebate System, known colloquially as "Cash for Clunkers", running from July to August 2009, which not only reduced inventories but set off increased production runs at GM, Ford and Toyota, resulting in the rehiring of laid-off workers.
• "NPR.org". NPR.org. 2009-11-18. Retrieved 2010-04-18.</ref> Although total spending and loan guarantees from the Federal Reserve and the Treasury Department authorized by the Bush and Obama administrations is about $11.5 trillion, only $3 trillion had actually been spent by the end of November 2009.
• 12:20 p.m. Today12:20 p.m. Feb. 19, 2010 (2010-01-08). "Payrolls fall 85,000 as jobless rate stays at 10% Economic Report". MarketWatch. Retrieved 2010-02-19. {{cite web}}: Text "Comments: 42" ignored (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)</ref> and the "underemployment" rate to 17.5%, before decreasing and holding at 9.7% in early 2010. In the third quarter of 2009, the U.S. economy expanded at a 2.8% pace and in the fourth quarter it grew at its fastest rate in six years, 5.7%. Other possible signs of recovery included an upturn in exports and a rise in consumer spending.
• "CBO: Stimulus created as many as 2.1 million jobs". 2010-02-23. Retrieved 2010-04-25.</ref> while conceding that "It is impossible to determine how many of the reported jobs would have existed in the absence of the stimulus package." Although an April 2010 survey of members of the National Association for Business Economics showed an increase in job creation (over a similar January survey) for the first time in two years, 73% of the 68 respondents believed that the stimulus bill has had no impact on employment.
• "Obama reaches out to Muslim world on TV". MSNBC. Retrieved June 15, 2009. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)</ref>
• DeYoung, Karen (April 9, 2009). "washingtonpost.com> Nation U.S. to Join Talks on Iran's Nuclear Program". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 15, 2009. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)</ref> This attempt at outreach was rebuffed by the Iranian leadership. In April, Obama gave a speech in Ankara, Turkey, which was well received by many Arab governments. On June 4, 2009, Obama delivered a speech at Cairo University in Egypt calling for "a new beginning" in relations between the Islamic world and the United States and promoting Middle East peace.
• "Obama dismisses Ahmadinejad apology request". The Washington Times. June 26, 2009.</ref> On July 7, while in Moscow, he responded to a Vice President Biden comment on a possible Israeli military strike on Iran by saying: "We have said directly to the Israelis that it is important to try and resolve this in an international setting in a way that does not create major conflict in the Middle East."
• Kershner, Isabel (March 24, 2010). "Israel Confirms New Building in East Jerusalem". The New York Times. Retrieved April 26, 2010.</ref> During the same month, an agreement was reached with the administration of Russian President Dmitri Medvedev to replace the 1991 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty with a new pact reducing the number of long-range nuclear weapons in the arsenals of both countries by about one-third.
• "Will Gates Stay or Go?". MSNBC. November 10, 2008.</ref>
• Feller, Ben (February 27, 2009). "Obama sets firm withdrawal timetable for Iraq". The Detroit News. CAMP LEJEUNE, N.C. Associated Press. Retrieved March 3, 2009.</ref> The drawdown is scheduled to be completed by August 2010, decreasing troops levels from 142,000 while leaving a transitional force of 35,000 to 50,000 in Iraq until the end of 2011. The plan is to transition the mission of the remaining troops from combat operations to counter-terrorism and the training, equipping, and advising of Iraqi security forces.
• NewsHour with Jim Lehrer (2008-07-15). "Obama Calls for U.S. Military to Renew Focus on Afghanistan". Pbs.org. Retrieved 2010-04-18.</ref> He announced an increase to U.S. troop levels of 17,000 in February 2009 to "stabilize a deteriorating situation in Afghanistan", an area he said had not received the "strategic attention, direction and resources it urgently requires". He replaced the military commander in Afghanistan, General David D. McKiernan, with former Special Forces commander Lt. Gen. Stanley A. McChrystal in May 2009, indicating that McChrystal's Special Forces experience would facilitate the use of counterinsurgency tactics in the war. On December 1, 2009, Obama announced the deployment of an additional 30,000 military personnel to Afghanistan. He also proposed to begin troop withdrawals 18 months from that date.
• Stolberg, Sheryl Gay; Zeleny, Jeff (September 9, 2009). "Obama, Armed With Details, Says Health Plan Is Necessary". The New York Times.</ref>
• "Obama calls for Congress to face health care challenge". CNN. September 9, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2009.</ref>
• Hulse, Carl (November 7, 2009). "Sweeping Health Care Plan Passes House". The New York Times. Retrieved November 8, 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)</ref> On December 24, 2009, the Senate passed its own bill—without a public option—on a party-line vote of 60–39. On March 21, 2010, the health care bill passed by the Senate in December was passed in the House by a vote of 219 to 212. Obama signed the bill into law on March 23, 2010.
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• Franklin, Ben A (June 1, 2005). "The Fifth Black Senator in U.S. History Makes F.D.R. His Icon". Washington Spectator. Retrieved January 14, 2008.</ref> In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, Obama spoke out against government indifference to growing economic class divisions, calling on both political parties to take action to restore the social safety net for the poor. Obama said in 2007 that he supported universal health care in the United States. He has proposed rewarding teachers for performance from traditional merit pay systems, assuring unions that changes would be pursued through the collective bargaining process.
• "Study:Bush tax cuts favor wealthy". CBS. August 13, 2004. Retrieved April 5, 2008.</ref> He has also supported simplifying tax filings and removing loopholes.
• Zeleny, Jeff (October 9, 2007). "Obama Proposes Capping Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Making Polluters Pay". The New York Times. Retrieved January 14, 2008.</ref>
• Strausberg, Chinta (September 26, 2002). "Opposition to war mounts" (paid archive). Chicago Defender. p. 1. Retrieved February 3, 2008.</ref> On October 2, 2002, the day President Bush and Congress agreed on the joint resolution authorizing the Iraq War, Obama addressed the first high-profile Chicago anti-Iraq War rally, and spoke out against the war. He addressed another anti-war rally in March 2003 and told the crowd that "it's not too late" to stop the war.
• Obama, Barack (March 2, 2007). "AIPAC Policy Forum Remarks". Barack Obama U.S. Senate Office. Retrieved January 30, 2008. (Template:Wayback) For Obama's 2004 Senate campaign remarks on possible missile strikes against Iran, see:
• Mendell, David (September 25, 2004). "Obama Would Consider Missile Strikes on Iran" (paid archive). Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 14, 2008.</ref> In August 2007, Obama remarked that "it was a terrible mistake to fail to act" against a 2005 meeting of al-Qaeda leaders that U.S. intelligence had confirmed to be taking place in Pakistan.
• Barack Obama (October 22, 2007). Obama-Caucus4Priorities (flv). Obama '08. Retrieved May 18, 2008.</ref>
• Obama, Barack (December 27, 2005). "Policy Adrift on Darfur". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 14, 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Doyle, Jim (May 1, 2006). "Tens of Thousands Rally for Darfur". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved January 14, 2008.</ref> He has divested $180,000 in personal holdings of Sudan-related stock, and has urged divestment from companies doing business in Iran.
• "Keeping Hope Alive: Barack Obama Puts Family First". The Oprah Winfrey Show. October 18, 2006. Retrieved June 24, 2008.</ref> Obama has seven half-siblings from his Kenyan father's family, six of them living, and a half-sister with whom he was raised, Maya Soetoro-Ng, the daughter of his mother and her Indonesian second husband. Obama's mother was survived by her Kansas-born mother, Madelyn Dunham until her death on November 2, 2008, two days before his election to the Presidency. In Dreams from My Father, Obama ties his mother's family history to possible Native American ancestors and distant relatives of Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. Obama's great-uncle served in the 89th Division that overran Ohrdruf, the first of the Nazi concentration camps to be liberated by U.S. troops during World War II.
• "When Barry Became Barack". Newsweek. March 31, 2008. Retrieved November 6, 2008.</ref> Besides his native English, Obama speaks Indonesian at the conversational level, which he learned during his four childhood years in Jakarta. He plays basketball, a sport he participated in as a member of his high school's varsity team.
• "Senator Barack Obama Visit to CJTF-HOA and Camp Lemonier: August 31 – September 1, 2006" (video). Combined Joint Task Force—Horn of Africa. YouTube. February 6, 2007. Retrieved April 28, 2008.</ref>]]
• "Barack Obama: White Sox 'serious' ball". The Swamp. August 25, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2009.</ref> In 2009, he threw out the ceremonial first pitch at the all star game while wearing a White Sox jacket. He is also primarily a Chicago Bears fan in the NFL, but is known to also support the Pittsburgh Steelers, and openly rooted for them in their victory in Super Bowl XLIII 12 days after Obama took office as President.
• Brown, Sarah (December 7, 2005). "Obama '85 masters balancing act". The Daily Princetonian. Retrieved February 9, 2009.</ref> Assigned for three months as Obama's adviser at the firm, Robinson joined him at group social functions, but declined his initial requests to date. They began dating later that summer, became engaged in 1991, and were married on October 3, 1992. The couple's first daughter, Malia Ann, was born on July 4, 1998, followed by a second daughter, Natasha ("Sasha"), on June 10, 2001. The Obama daughters attended the private University of Chicago Laboratory Schools. When they moved to Washington, D.C., in January 2009, the girls started at the private Sidwell Friends School. The Obamas have a Portuguese Water Dog named Bo.
• Zeleny, Jeff (December 24, 2005). "The first time around: Sen. Obama's freshman year". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved April 28, 2008.</ref> The purchase of an adjacent lot and sale of part of it to Obama by the wife of developer, campaign donor and friend Tony Rezko attracted media attention because of Rezko's subsequent indictment and conviction on political corruption charges that were unrelated to Obama.
• Harris, Marlys (December 7, 2007). "Obama's Money". CNNMoney.com. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
  See also:
• Goldfarb, Zachary A (March 24, 2007). "Measuring Wealth of the '08 Candidates". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 28, 2008.</ref> Their 2007 tax return showed a household income of $4.2 million—up from about $1 million in 2006 and $1.6 million in 2005—mostly from sales of his books.
• "Obama's church choice likely to be scrutinized". msnbc.com. Associated Press. November 17, 2008. Retrieved January 20, 2009.</ref> After a prolonged effort to find a church to attend regularly in Washington, Obama announced in June 2009 that his primary place of worship would be the Evergreen Chapel at Camp David.
• Elsner, Alan, ed. (December 7, 2008). "Obama says he won't be smoking in White House". Reuters. Retrieved February 28, 2010.</ref>
• Wallace-Wells, Benjamin (November 2004). "The Great Black Hope: What's Riding on Barack Obama?". Washington Monthly. Retrieved April 7, 2008. See also:
• Scott, Janny (December 28, 2007). "A Member of a New Generation, Obama Walks a Fine Line". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved April 7, 2008.</ref> Obama is also not a descendent of American slaves. Expressing puzzlement over questions about whether he is "black enough", Obama told an August 2007 meeting of the National Association of Black Journalists that "we're still locked in this notion that if you appeal to white folks then there must be something wrong." Obama acknowledged his youthful image in an October 2007 campaign speech, saying: "I wouldn't be here if, time and again, the torch had not been passed to a new generation."
• "YouTube – ChangeDotGov's Channel". Youtube.com. Retrieved 2010-04-18.</ref>
• "Mixed Views of Obama at Year End". Pew Research Center. 16 December 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2009.</ref>
• Page, Susan (June 12, 2008). "World poll: Obama more likely to 'do the right thing'". USA Today. Retrieved March 10, 2009.</ref> Polls show strong support for Obama in other countries, and he has met with prominent foreign figures including then-British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Italy's Democratic Party leader and then Mayor of Rome Walter Veltroni, and French President Nicolas Sarkozy.
• Goodman, Dean (February 10, 2008). "Obama or Clinton? Grammys go for Obama". Reuters. Retrieved November 24, 2008.</ref> His "Yes We Can" speech, which artists independently set to music, was viewed by 10 million people on YouTube in the first month, and received a Daytime Emmy Award. In December 2008, Time magazine named Barack Obama as its Person of the Year for his historic candidacy and election, which it described as "the steady march of seemingly impossible accomplishments".
• "The Nobel Peace Prize 2009". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2009-10-09.</ref> Obama accepted this award in Oslo, Norway on December 10, 2009, with "deep gratitude and great humility." The award drew a mixture of praise and criticism from world leaders and media figures. Obama is the fourth U.S. president to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and the third to become a Nobel laureate while in office.
• "Certification of Live Birth for Barack Obama". Department of Health, Hawaii. August 8, 1961. Retrieved December 12, 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |worker= ignored (help)
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• "Obama's church choice likely to be scrutinized". msnbc.com. Associated Press. November 17, 2008. Retrieved January 20, 2009.)
• "Born in the U.S.A." FactCheck. August 21, 2008. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
• Hutton, Brian (May 3, 2007). "For sure, Obama's South Side Irish". The Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved November 23, 2008.
• Jordan, Mary (May 13, 2007). "Tiny Irish Village Is Latest Place to Claim Obama as Its Own - washingtonpost.com". Washington Post. Retrieved November 8, 2008.
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