Isotopes of thallium: Difference between revisions
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Thallium-202 (half life 12.23 days) can be made in a cyclotron<ref>[http://www.eh.doe.gov/ohre/roadmap/histories/0472/0472d.html Thallium Research] from [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]]</ref> while thallium-204 (half life 3.78 years) is made by the [[neutron activation]] of stable thallium in a [[nuclear reactor]].<ref>[http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1340_web.pdf Manual for reactor produced radioisotopes] from the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]]</ref> |
Thallium-202 (half life 12.23 days) can be made in a cyclotron<ref>[http://www.eh.doe.gov/ohre/roadmap/histories/0472/0472d.html Thallium Research] from [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]]</ref> while thallium-204 (half life 3.78 years) is made by the [[neutron activation]] of stable thallium in a [[nuclear reactor]].<ref>[http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1340_web.pdf Manual for reactor produced radioisotopes] from the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]]</ref> |
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Standard atomic mass: 204.3833(2) [[unified atomic mass unit|u]] |
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Isotopes of thallium occurring within the radioactive [[disintegration chain]]s of [[actinium]], [[radium]] and [[thorium]] were known as: |
Isotopes of thallium occurring within the radioactive [[disintegration chain]]s of [[actinium]], [[radium]] and [[thorium]] were known as: |
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* ''radium C<sup>II</sup>'' : <sup>210</sup>Tl |
* ''radium C<sup>II</sup>'' : <sup>210</sup>Tl |
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Standard atomic mass: 204.3833(2) [[unified atomic mass unit|u]] |
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==Thallium-203== |
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'''Thallium-203''' is an [[isotope]] of [[thallium]]. |
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atomic mass: 202.9723291 u |
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binding energy: 1600883 keV |
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spin: 1/2+ |
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isotope is stable |
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possible parent nuclides: beta from Hg-203, EC from Pb-203 |
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==Thallium-205== |
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'''Thallium-205''' is an [[isotope]] of [[thallium]]. |
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It is stable and [[radiogenic]], produced from [[mercury-205]] by [[beta decay]], the extremely long half-lived [[bismuth-209]] by [[alpha decay]], or [[lead-205]] by [[electron capture]]. |
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==Thallium-208== |
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'''Thallium-208''' is an [[isotope]] of [[thallium]]. |
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It has a [[half-life]] of 3 minutes. It may be produced from [[mercury-208]] by beta decay or [[bismuth-212]] by alpha decay. |
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== Table == |
== Table == |
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Line 40: | Line 18: | ||
! <br />isotopic mass (u)<br /> |
! <br />isotopic mass (u)<br /> |
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! rowspan="2" | half-life |
! rowspan="2" | half-life |
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! rowspan="2" | decay mode(s)<ref>http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx</ref> |
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! rowspan="2" | daughter<br>isotope(s) |
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! rowspan="2" | nuclear<br />spin |
! rowspan="2" | nuclear<br />spin |
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! rowspan="2" | representative<br />isotopic<br />composition<br />(mole fraction) |
! rowspan="2" | representative<br />isotopic<br />composition<br />(mole fraction) |
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! rowspan="2" | range of natural<br />variation<br />(mole fraction) |
! rowspan="2" | range of natural<br />variation<br />(mole fraction) |
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! rowspan="2" | other features |
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|- |
|- |
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! colspan="3" | excitation energy |
! colspan="3" | excitation energy |
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Line 52: | Line 31: | ||
| 176.00059(21)# |
| 176.00059(21)# |
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| 5.2(+30-14) ms |
| 5.2(+30-14) ms |
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| (3-,4-,5-) |
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| |
| |
||
| |
| |
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| (3-,4-,5-) |
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|- |
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| <sup>177</sup>Tl |
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| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
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| style="text-align:right" | 100 |
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| 176.996427(27) |
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| 18(5) ms |
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| (1/2+) |
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| |
| |
||
| |
| |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| rowspan=2|<sup>177</sup>Tl |
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| |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 100 |
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| 230(40) µs |
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| rowspan=2|176.996427(27) |
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| (11/2-) |
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| rowspan=2|18(5) ms |
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| |
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| [[proton emission|p]] |
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| |
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| <sup>176</sup>Hg |
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| rowspan=2|(1/2+) |
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| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[alpha decay|α]] (rare) |
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| <sup>178</sup>Tl |
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| <sup>173</sup>Au |
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| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
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| style="text-align:right" | 97 |
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| 177.99490(12)# |
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| 255(10) ms |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>177m</sup>Tl |
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| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 807(18) keV |
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| rowspan=2|230(40) µs |
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| p |
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| <sup>176</sup>Hg |
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| rowspan=2|(11/2-) |
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| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
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| α |
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| <sup>173</sup>Au |
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|- |
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| rowspan=2|<sup>178</sup>Tl |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97 |
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| rowspan=2|177.99490(12)# |
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| rowspan=2|255(10) ms |
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| α |
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| <sup>174</sup>Au |
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| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
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| p (rare) |
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| <sup>177</sup>Hg |
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|- |
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| rowspan=2|<sup>179</sup>Tl |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 98 |
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| rowspan=2|178.99109(5) |
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| rowspan=2|270(30) ms |
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| α |
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| <sup>175</sup>Au |
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| rowspan=2|(1/2+) |
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| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
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| p (rare) |
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| <sup>178</sup>Hg |
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|- |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>179m</sup>Tl |
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| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 860(30)# keV |
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| rowspan=2|1.60(16) ms |
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| α |
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| <sup>175</sup>Au |
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| rowspan=2|(9/2-) |
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| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
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| [[Isomeric transition|IT]] (rare) |
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| <sup>179</sup>Tl |
| <sup>179</sup>Tl |
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| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
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| style="text-align:right" | 98 |
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| 178.99109(5) |
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| 270(30) ms |
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| (1/2+) |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| rowspan=3|<sup>180</sup>Tl |
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| |
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 81 |
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| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 99 |
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| 1.60(16) ms |
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| rowspan=3|179.98991(13)# |
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| (9/2-) |
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| rowspan=3|1.5(2) s |
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| |
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| α (75%) |
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| |
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| <sup>176</sup>Au |
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| rowspan=3| |
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| rowspan=3| |
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| rowspan=3| |
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|- |
|- |
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| <sup> |
| [[beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>]] (25%) |
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| <sup>176</sup>Hg |
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| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
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| style="text-align:right" | 99 |
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| 179.98991(13)# |
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| 1.5(2) s |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
|- |
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| <sup> |
| β<sup>+</sup>, [[Spontaneous Fission|SF]] (.0001%) |
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| <sup>100</sup>Ru, <sup>80</sup>Kr<ref>http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=mercury-serves-up-a-nuclear-su</ref> |
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| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
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| style="text-align:right" | 100 |
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| 180.986257(10) |
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| 3.2(3) s |
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| 1/2+# |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| rowspan=2|<sup>181</sup>Tl |
||
| |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 100 |
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| 1.7(4) ms |
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| rowspan=2|180.986257(10) |
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| 9/2-# |
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| rowspan=2|3.2(3) s |
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| |
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| |
| α |
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| <sup>177</sup>Au |
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| rowspan=2|1/2+# |
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| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
|- |
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| <sup> |
| β<sup>+</sup> |
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| <sup>181</sup>Hg |
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| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
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| style="text-align:right" | 101 |
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| 181.98567(8) |
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| 2.0(3) s |
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| 2-# |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup> |
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>181m</sup>Tl |
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| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | |
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 857(29) keV |
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| 2. |
| rowspan=2|1.7(4) ms |
||
| |
| α |
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| <sup>177</sup>Au |
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| |
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| rowspan=2|9/2-# |
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| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
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| β<sup>+</sup> |
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| <sup>181</sup>Hg |
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|- |
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| rowspan=2|<sup>182</sup>Tl |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 101 |
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| rowspan=2|181.98567(8) |
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| rowspan=2|2.0(3) s |
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| β<sup>+</sup> (96%) |
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| <sup>182</sup>Hg |
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| rowspan=2|2-# |
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| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
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| α (4%) |
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| <sup>178</sup>Au |
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|- |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>182m1</sup>Tl |
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| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(100)# keV |
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| rowspan=2|2.9(5) s |
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| α |
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| <sup>178</sup>Au |
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| rowspan=2|(7+) |
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| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
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| β<sup>+</sup> (rare) |
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| <sup>182</sup>Hg |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>182m2</sup>Tl |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>182m2</sup>Tl |
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| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 600(140)# keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 600(140)# keV |
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| |
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| |
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| |
| |
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| 10- |
| 10- |
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Line 145: | Line 181: | ||
| |
| |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan=2|<sup>183</sup>Tl |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 102 |
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| rowspan=2|182.982193(10) |
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| rowspan=2|6.9(7) s |
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| β<sup>+</sup> (98%) |
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| <sup>183</sup>Hg |
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| rowspan=2|1/2+# |
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| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
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| α (2%) |
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| <sup>179</sup>Au |
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|- |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>183m1</sup>Tl |
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| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 630(17) keV |
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| rowspan=2|53.3(3) ms |
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| IT (99.99%) |
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| <sup>183</sup>Tl |
| <sup>183</sup>Tl |
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| rowspan=2|9/2-# |
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| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
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| rowspan=2| |
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| style="text-align:right" | 102 |
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| rowspan=2| |
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| 182.982193(10) |
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| 6.9(7) s |
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| 1/2+# |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
|- |
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| α (.01%) |
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>183m1</sup>Tl |
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| <sup>179</sup>Au |
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| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 630(17) keV |
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| 53.3(3) ms |
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| 9/2-# |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>183m2</sup>Tl |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>183m2</sup>Tl |
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| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 976.8(3) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 976.8(3) keV |
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| 1.48(10) µs |
| 1.48(10) µs |
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| |
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| |
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| (13/2+) |
| (13/2+) |
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| |
| |
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Line 173: | Line 221: | ||
| 183.98187(5) |
| 183.98187(5) |
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| 9.7(6) s |
| 9.7(6) s |
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| β<sup>+</sup> |
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| <sup>184</sup>Hg |
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| 2-# |
| 2-# |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>184m1</sup>Tl |
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>184m1</sup>Tl |
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| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(100)# keV |
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(100)# keV |
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| 10# s |
| rowspan=2|10# s |
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| β<sup>+</sup> (97.9%) |
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| 7+# |
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| <sup>184</sup>Hg |
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| |
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| rowspan=2|7+# |
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| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
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| α (2.1%) |
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| <sup>180</sup>Au |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>184m2</sup>Tl |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>184m2</sup>Tl |
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| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 500(140)# keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 500(140)# keV |
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| >20 ns |
| >20 ns |
||
| |
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| |
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| (10-) |
| (10-) |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
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| rowspan=2|<sup>185</sup>Tl |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 104 |
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| rowspan=2|184.97879(6) |
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| rowspan=2|19.5(5) s |
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| α |
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| <sup>181</sup>Au |
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| rowspan=2|1/2+# |
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| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
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| β<sup>+</sup> |
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| <sup>185</sup>Hg |
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|- |
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| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>185m</sup>Tl |
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| rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 452.8(20) keV |
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| rowspan=3|1.93(8) s |
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| IT (99.99%) |
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| <sup>185</sup>Tl |
| <sup>185</sup>Tl |
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| rowspan=3|9/2-# |
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| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
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| rowspan=3| |
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| style="text-align:right" | 104 |
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| rowspan=3| |
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| 184.97879(6) |
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| 19.5(5) s |
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| 1/2+# |
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| |
|||
| |
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|- |
|- |
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| α (.01%) |
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>185m</sup>Tl |
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| <sup>181</sup>Au |
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| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 452.8(20) keV |
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| 1.93(8) s |
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| 9/2-# |
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| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
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| <sup> |
| β<sup>+</sup> |
||
| <sup>185</sup>Hg |
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| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:right" | 105 |
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| rowspan=2|<sup>186</sup>Tl |
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| 185.97833(20) |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 |
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| 40# s |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 105 |
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| (2-) |
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| rowspan=2|185.97833(20) |
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| |
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| rowspan=2|40# s |
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| |
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| β<sup>+</sup> |
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| <sup>186</sup>Hg |
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| rowspan=2|(2-) |
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| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
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| α (.006%) |
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| <sup>182</sup>Au |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>186m1</sup>Tl |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>186m1</sup>Tl |
||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 320(180) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 320(180) keV |
||
| 27.5(10) s |
| 27.5(10) s |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
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| <sup>186</sup>Hg |
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| (7+) |
| (7+) |
||
| |
| |
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Line 226: | Line 303: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 690(180) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 690(180) keV |
||
| 2.9(2) s |
| 2.9(2) s |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| (10-) |
| (10-) |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2|<sup>187</sup>Tl |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 |
|||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 106 |
|||
| rowspan=2|186.975906(9) |
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| rowspan=2|~51 s |
|||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>187</sup>Hg |
|||
| rowspan=2|(1/2+) |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
|- |
|||
| α (rare) |
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| <sup>183</sup>Au |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>187m</sup>Tl |
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| rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 335(3) keV |
|||
| rowspan=3|15.60(12) s |
|||
| α |
|||
| <sup>183</sup>Au |
|||
| rowspan=3|(9/2-) |
|||
| rowspan=3| |
|||
| rowspan=3| |
|||
|- |
|||
| IT |
|||
| <sup>187</sup>Tl |
| <sup>187</sup>Tl |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 106 |
|||
| 186.975906(9) |
|||
| ~51 s |
|||
| (1/2+) |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| β<sup>+</sup> |
||
| <sup>187</sup>Hg |
|||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 335(3) keV |
|||
| 15.60(12) s |
|||
| (9/2-) |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup>188</sup>Tl |
| <sup>188</sup>Tl |
||
Line 251: | Line 343: | ||
| 187.97601(4) |
| 187.97601(4) |
||
| 71(2) s |
| 71(2) s |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>188</sup>Hg |
|||
| (2-) |
| (2-) |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 258: | Line 352: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 40(30) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 40(30) keV |
||
| 71(1) s |
| 71(1) s |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>188</sup>Hg |
|||
| (7+) |
| (7+) |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 265: | Line 361: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 310(30) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 310(30) keV |
||
| 41(4) ms |
| 41(4) ms |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| (9-) |
| (9-) |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 274: | Line 372: | ||
| 188.973588(12) |
| 188.973588(12) |
||
| 2.3(2) min |
| 2.3(2) min |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>189</sup>Hg |
|||
| (1/2+) |
| (1/2+) |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>189m</sup>Tl |
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>189m</sup>Tl |
||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 257.6(13) keV |
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 257.6(13) keV |
||
| 1.4(1) min |
| rowspan=2|1.4(1) min |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> (96%) |
|||
| (9/2-) |
|||
| <sup>189</sup>Hg |
|||
| |
|||
| rowspan=2|(9/2-) |
|||
| |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
|- |
|||
| IT (4%) |
|||
| <sup>189</sup>Tl |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup>190</sup>Tl |
| <sup>190</sup>Tl |
||
Line 290: | Line 395: | ||
| 189.97388(5) |
| 189.97388(5) |
||
| 2.6(3) min |
| 2.6(3) min |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>190</sup>Hg |
|||
| 2(-) |
| 2(-) |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 297: | Line 404: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 130(90)# keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 130(90)# keV |
||
| 3.7(3) min |
| 3.7(3) min |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>190</sup>Hg |
|||
| 7(+#) |
| 7(+#) |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 304: | Line 413: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 290(70)# keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 290(70)# keV |
||
| 750(40) µs |
| 750(40) µs |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| (8-) |
| (8-) |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 311: | Line 422: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 410(70)# keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 410(70)# keV |
||
| >1 µs |
| >1 µs |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| 9- |
| 9- |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 320: | Line 433: | ||
| 190.971786(8) |
| 190.971786(8) |
||
| 20# min |
| 20# min |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>191</sup>Hg |
|||
| (1/2+) |
| (1/2+) |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 327: | Line 442: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 297(7) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 297(7) keV |
||
| 5.22(16) min |
| 5.22(16) min |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>191</sup>Hg |
|||
| 9/2(-) |
| 9/2(-) |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 336: | Line 453: | ||
| 191.97223(3) |
| 191.97223(3) |
||
| 9.6(4) min |
| 9.6(4) min |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>192</sup>Hg |
|||
| (2-) |
| (2-) |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 343: | Line 462: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 160(50) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 160(50) keV |
||
| 10.8(2) min |
| 10.8(2) min |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>192</sup>Hg |
|||
| (7+) |
| (7+) |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 350: | Line 471: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 407(54) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 407(54) keV |
||
| 296(5) ns |
| 296(5) ns |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| (8-) |
| (8-) |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 359: | Line 482: | ||
| 192.97067(12) |
| 192.97067(12) |
||
| 21.6(8) min |
| 21.6(8) min |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>193</sup>Hg |
|||
| 1/2(+#) |
| 1/2(+#) |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>193m</sup>Tl |
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>193m</sup>Tl |
||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 369(4) keV |
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 369(4) keV |
||
| 2.11(15) min |
| rowspan=2|2.11(15) min |
||
| IT (75%) |
|||
| 9/2- |
|||
| <sup>193</sup>Tl |
|||
| |
|||
| rowspan=2|9/2- |
|||
| |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup> |
| β<sup>+</sup> (25%) |
||
| <sup>193</sup>Hg |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 113 |
|||
| rowspan=2|<sup>194</sup>Tl |
|||
| 193.97120(15) |
|||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 |
|||
| 33.0(5) min |
|||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 113 |
|||
| 2- |
|||
| rowspan=2|193.97120(15) |
|||
| |
|||
| rowspan=2|33.0(5) min |
|||
| |
|||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>194</sup>Hg |
|||
| rowspan=2|2- |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
|- |
|||
| α (1E-7%) |
|||
| <sup>190</sup>Au |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>194m</sup>Tl |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>194m</sup>Tl |
||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 300(200)# keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 300(200)# keV |
||
| 32.8(2) min |
| 32.8(2) min |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>194</sup>Hg |
|||
| (7+) |
| (7+) |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 391: | Line 528: | ||
| 194.969774(15) |
| 194.969774(15) |
||
| 1.16(5) h |
| 1.16(5) h |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>195</sup>Hg |
|||
| 1/2+ |
| 1/2+ |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 398: | Line 537: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 482.63(17) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 482.63(17) keV |
||
| 3.6(4) s |
| 3.6(4) s |
||
| IT |
|||
| <sup>195</sup>Tl |
|||
| 9/2- |
| 9/2- |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 407: | Line 548: | ||
| 195.970481(13) |
| 195.970481(13) |
||
| 1.84(3) h |
| 1.84(3) h |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>196</sup>Hg |
|||
| 2- |
| 2- |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>196m</sup>Tl |
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>196m</sup>Tl |
||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 394.2(5) keV |
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 394.2(5) keV |
||
| 1.41(2) h |
| rowspan=2|1.41(2) h |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> (95.5%) |
|||
| (7+) |
|||
| <sup></sup>Hg |
|||
| |
|||
| rowspan=2|(7+) |
|||
| |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
|- |
|||
| IT (4.5%) |
|||
| <sup>196</sup>Tl |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup>197</sup>Tl |
| <sup>197</sup>Tl |
||
Line 423: | Line 571: | ||
| 196.969575(18) |
| 196.969575(18) |
||
| 2.84(4) h |
| 2.84(4) h |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>197</sup>Hg |
|||
| 1/2+ |
| 1/2+ |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 430: | Line 580: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 608.22(8) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 608.22(8) keV |
||
| 540(10) ms |
| 540(10) ms |
||
| IT |
|||
| <sup>197</sup>Tl |
|||
| 9/2- |
| 9/2- |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 439: | Line 591: | ||
| 197.97048(9) |
| 197.97048(9) |
||
| 5.3(5) h |
| 5.3(5) h |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>198</sup>Hg |
|||
| 2- |
| 2- |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>198m1</sup>Tl |
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>198m1</sup>Tl |
||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 543.5(4) keV |
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 543.5(4) keV |
||
| 1.87(3) h |
| rowspan=2|1.87(3) h |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> (54%) |
|||
| 7+ |
|||
| <sup>198</sup>Hg |
|||
| |
|||
| rowspan=2|7+ |
|||
| |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
|- |
|||
| IT (46%) |
|||
| <sup>198</sup>Tl |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>198m2</sup>Tl |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>198m2</sup>Tl |
||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 687.2(5) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 687.2(5) keV |
||
| 150(40) ns |
| 150(40) ns |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| (5+) |
| (5+) |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 460: | Line 621: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 742.3(4) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 742.3(4) keV |
||
| 32.1(10) ms |
| 32.1(10) ms |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| (10-)# |
| (10-)# |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 469: | Line 632: | ||
| 198.96988(3) |
| 198.96988(3) |
||
| 7.42(8) h |
| 7.42(8) h |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>199</sup>Hg |
|||
| 1/2+ |
| 1/2+ |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 476: | Line 641: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 749.7(3) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 749.7(3) keV |
||
| 28.4(2) ms |
| 28.4(2) ms |
||
| IT |
|||
| <sup>199</sup>Tl |
|||
| 9/2- |
| 9/2- |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 485: | Line 652: | ||
| 199.970963(6) |
| 199.970963(6) |
||
| 26.1(1) h |
| 26.1(1) h |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>200</sup>Hg |
|||
| 2- |
| 2- |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 492: | Line 661: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 753.6(2) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 753.6(2) keV |
||
| 34.3(10) ms |
| 34.3(10) ms |
||
| IT |
|||
| <sup>200</sup>Tl |
|||
| 7+ |
| 7+ |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 499: | Line 670: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 762.0(2) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 762.0(2) keV |
||
| 0.33(5) µs |
| 0.33(5) µs |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| 5+ |
| 5+ |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup>201</sup>Tl |
| <sup>201</sup>Tl<ref group="n">Main isotope used in [[scintigraphy]]</ref> |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 120 |
| style="text-align:right" | 120 |
||
| 200.970819(16) |
| 200.970819(16) |
||
| 72.912(17) h |
| 72.912(17) h |
||
| [[Electron capture|EC]] |
|||
| <sup>201</sup>Hg |
|||
| 1/2+ |
| 1/2+ |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
| Main isotope used in [[scintigraphy]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>201m</sup>Tl |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>201m</sup>Tl |
||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 919.50(9) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 919.50(9) keV |
||
| 2.035(7) ms |
| 2.035(7) ms |
||
| IT |
|||
| <sup>201</sup>Tl |
|||
| (9/2-) |
| (9/2-) |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 525: | Line 701: | ||
| 201.972106(16) |
| 201.972106(16) |
||
| 12.23(2) d |
| 12.23(2) d |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>202</sup>Hg |
|||
| 2- |
| 2- |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 532: | Line 710: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 950.19(10) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 950.19(10) keV |
||
| 572(7) µs |
| 572(7) µs |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| 7+ |
| 7+ |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 540: | Line 720: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 122 |
| style="text-align:right" | 122 |
||
| 202.9723442(14) |
| 202.9723442(14) |
||
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable'''<ref group="n">Believed to undergo α decay to <sup>199</sup>Au</ref> |
|||
| STABLE |
|||
| 1/2+ |
| 1/2+ |
||
| 0.2952(1) |
| 0.2952(1) |
||
| 0.29494-0.29528 |
| 0.29494-0.29528 |
||
| One of the two stable thallium isotopes |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>203m</sup>Tl |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>203m</sup>Tl |
||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3400(300) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3400(300) keV |
||
| 7.7(5) µs |
| 7.7(5) µs |
||
| (25/2+) |
|||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
| (25/2+) |
|||
|- |
|||
| <sup>204</sup>Tl |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 123 |
|||
| 203.9738635(13) |
|||
| 3.78(2) a |
|||
| 2- |
|||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|||
| Most stable thallium radioisotope |
|||
| rowspan=2|<sup>204</sup>Tl |
|||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 |
|||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 123 |
|||
| rowspan=2|203.9738635(13) |
|||
| rowspan=2|3.78(2) a |
|||
| β<sup>-</sup> (97.1%) |
|||
| <sup>204</sup>Pb |
|||
| rowspan=2|2- |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
|- |
|||
| EC (2.9%) |
|||
| <sup>204</sup>Hg |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>204m1</sup>Tl |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>204m1</sup>Tl |
||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1104.0(4) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1104.0(4) keV |
||
| 63(2) µs |
| 63(2) µs |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| (7)+ |
| (7)+ |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 573: | Line 760: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2500(500) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2500(500) keV |
||
| 2.6(2) µs |
| 2.6(2) µs |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| (12-) |
| (12-) |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 580: | Line 769: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3500(500) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3500(500) keV |
||
| 1.6(2) µs |
| 1.6(2) µs |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| (20+) |
| (20+) |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| <sup>205</sup>Tl |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 124 |
| style="text-align:right" | 124 |
||
| 204.9744275(14) |
| 204.9744275(14) |
||
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable'''<ref group="n">Believed to undergo α decay to <sup>201</sup>Au</ref> |
|||
| STABLE |
|||
| 1/2+ |
| 1/2+ |
||
| 0.7048(1) |
| 0.7048(1) |
||
| 0.70472-0.70506 |
| 0.70472-0.70506 |
||
| One of the two stable thallium isotopes |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>205m1</sup>Tl |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>205m1</sup>Tl |
||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3290.63(17) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3290.63(17) keV |
||
| 2.6(2) µs |
| 2.6(2) µs |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| 25/2+ |
| 25/2+ |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 604: | Line 796: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4835.6(15) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4835.6(15) keV |
||
| 235(10) ns |
| 235(10) ns |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| (35/2-) |
| (35/2-) |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup>206</sup>Tl |
| <sup>206</sup>Tl<ref group="n">Historic name radium E<sup>II</sup></ref> |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 125 |
| style="text-align:right" | 125 |
||
| 205.9761103(15) |
| 205.9761103(15) |
||
| 4.200(17) min |
| 4.200(17) min |
||
| β<sup>-</sup> |
|||
| <sup>206</sup>Pb |
|||
| 0- |
| 0- |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 620: | Line 816: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2643.11(19) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2643.11(19) keV |
||
| 3.74(3) min |
| 3.74(3) min |
||
| IT |
|||
| <sup>206</sup>Tl |
|||
| (12-) |
| (12-) |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup>207</sup>Tl |
| <sup>207</sup>Tl<ref group="n">Historic name actinium C<sup>II</sup></ref> |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 126 |
| style="text-align:right" | 126 |
||
| 206.977419(6) |
| 206.977419(6) |
||
| 4.77(2) min |
| 4.77(2) min |
||
| β<sup>-</sup> |
|||
| <sup>207</sup>Pb |
|||
| 1/2+ |
| 1/2+ |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>207m</sup>Tl |
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>207m</sup>Tl |
||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1348.1(3) keV |
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1348.1(3) keV |
||
| 1.33(11) s |
| rowspan=2|1.33(11) s |
||
| IT (99.9%) |
|||
| 11/2- |
|||
| <sup>207</sup>Tl |
|||
| |
|||
| rowspan=2|11/2- |
|||
| |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
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| β<sup>-</sup> (.1%) |
|||
| <sup>207</sup>Pb |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup>208</sup>Tl<ref group="n">Historic name thorium C<sup>II</sup></ref> |
|||
| [[Thallium-208|<sup>208</sup>Tl]] |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 127 |
| style="text-align:right" | 127 |
||
| 207.9820187(21) |
| 207.9820187(21) |
||
| 3.053(4) min |
| 3.053(4) min |
||
| β<sup>-</sup> |
|||
| <sup>208</sup>Pb |
|||
| 5(+) |
| 5(+) |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 654: | Line 861: | ||
| 208.985359(8) |
| 208.985359(8) |
||
| 2.161(7) min |
| 2.161(7) min |
||
| β<sup>-</sup> |
|||
| <sup>209</sup>Pb |
|||
| (1/2+) |
| (1/2+) |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup>210</sup>Tl |
| rowspan=2|<sup>210</sup>Tl<ref group="n">Historic name radium C<sup>II</sup></ref> |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 129 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 129 |
||
| 209.990074(12) |
| rowspan=2|209.990074(12) |
||
| 1.30(3) min |
| rowspan=2|1.30(3) min |
||
| β<sup>-</sup> (99.991%) |
|||
| (5+)# |
|||
| <sup>210</sup>Pb |
|||
| |
|||
| rowspan=2|(5+)# |
|||
| |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
|- |
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| β<sup>-</sup>, [[neutron emission|n]] (.009%) |
|||
| <sup>209</sup>Pb |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup>211</sup>Tl |
| <sup>211</sup>Tl |
||
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| style="text-align:right" | 130 |
| style="text-align:right" | 130 |
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| 210.99348(22)# |
| 210.99348(22)# |
||
| 1# min |
| 1# min<br>[>300 ns] |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| 1/2+# |
| 1/2+# |
||
| |
| |
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Line 680: | Line 896: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 131 |
| style="text-align:right" | 131 |
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| 211.99823(32)# |
| 211.99823(32)# |
||
| 30# s |
| 30# s<br>[>300 ns] |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| 5+# |
| 5+# |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
|} |
|} |
||
<references group="n" /> |
|||
=== Notes === |
=== Notes === |
Revision as of 23:27, 12 May 2011
Thallium (Tl) has 25 isotopes which have atomic masses that range from 184 to 210. 203Tl and 205Tl are the only stable isotopes and 204Tl is the most stable radioisotope with a half-life of 3.78 years.
Thallium-202 (half life 12.23 days) can be made in a cyclotron[1] while thallium-204 (half life 3.78 years) is made by the neutron activation of stable thallium in a nuclear reactor.[2]
Isotopes of thallium occurring within the radioactive disintegration chains of actinium, radium and thorium were known as:
- radium EII : 206Tl
- actinium CII : 207Tl
- thorium CII : 208Tl
- radium CII : 210Tl
Standard atomic mass: 204.3833(2) u
Table
nuclide symbol |
Z(p) | N(n) | isotopic mass (u) |
half-life | decay mode(s)[3] | daughter isotope(s) |
nuclear spin |
representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) |
range of natural variation (mole fraction) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
excitation energy | |||||||||
176Tl | 81 | 95 | 176.00059(21)# | 5.2(+30-14) ms | (3-,4-,5-) | ||||
177Tl | 81 | 100 | 176.996427(27) | 18(5) ms | p | 176Hg | (1/2+) | ||
α (rare) | 173Au | ||||||||
177mTl | 807(18) keV | 230(40) µs | p | 176Hg | (11/2-) | ||||
α | 173Au | ||||||||
178Tl | 81 | 97 | 177.99490(12)# | 255(10) ms | α | 174Au | |||
p (rare) | 177Hg | ||||||||
179Tl | 81 | 98 | 178.99109(5) | 270(30) ms | α | 175Au | (1/2+) | ||
p (rare) | 178Hg | ||||||||
179mTl | 860(30)# keV | 1.60(16) ms | α | 175Au | (9/2-) | ||||
IT (rare) | 179Tl | ||||||||
180Tl | 81 | 99 | 179.98991(13)# | 1.5(2) s | α (75%) | 176Au | |||
β+ (25%) | 176Hg | ||||||||
β+, SF (.0001%) | 100Ru, 80Kr[4] | ||||||||
181Tl | 81 | 100 | 180.986257(10) | 3.2(3) s | α | 177Au | 1/2+# | ||
β+ | 181Hg | ||||||||
181mTl | 857(29) keV | 1.7(4) ms | α | 177Au | 9/2-# | ||||
β+ | 181Hg | ||||||||
182Tl | 81 | 101 | 181.98567(8) | 2.0(3) s | β+ (96%) | 182Hg | 2-# | ||
α (4%) | 178Au | ||||||||
182m1Tl | 100(100)# keV | 2.9(5) s | α | 178Au | (7+) | ||||
β+ (rare) | 182Hg | ||||||||
182m2Tl | 600(140)# keV | 10- | |||||||
183Tl | 81 | 102 | 182.982193(10) | 6.9(7) s | β+ (98%) | 183Hg | 1/2+# | ||
α (2%) | 179Au | ||||||||
183m1Tl | 630(17) keV | 53.3(3) ms | IT (99.99%) | 183Tl | 9/2-# | ||||
α (.01%) | 179Au | ||||||||
183m2Tl | 976.8(3) keV | 1.48(10) µs | (13/2+) | ||||||
184Tl | 81 | 103 | 183.98187(5) | 9.7(6) s | β+ | 184Hg | 2-# | ||
184m1Tl | 100(100)# keV | 10# s | β+ (97.9%) | 184Hg | 7+# | ||||
α (2.1%) | 180Au | ||||||||
184m2Tl | 500(140)# keV | >20 ns | (10-) | ||||||
185Tl | 81 | 104 | 184.97879(6) | 19.5(5) s | α | 181Au | 1/2+# | ||
β+ | 185Hg | ||||||||
185mTl | 452.8(20) keV | 1.93(8) s | IT (99.99%) | 185Tl | 9/2-# | ||||
α (.01%) | 181Au | ||||||||
β+ | 185Hg | ||||||||
186Tl | 81 | 105 | 185.97833(20) | 40# s | β+ | 186Hg | (2-) | ||
α (.006%) | 182Au | ||||||||
186m1Tl | 320(180) keV | 27.5(10) s | β+ | 186Hg | (7+) | ||||
186m2Tl | 690(180) keV | 2.9(2) s | (10-) | ||||||
187Tl | 81 | 106 | 186.975906(9) | ~51 s | β+ | 187Hg | (1/2+) | ||
α (rare) | 183Au | ||||||||
187mTl | 335(3) keV | 15.60(12) s | α | 183Au | (9/2-) | ||||
IT | 187Tl | ||||||||
β+ | 187Hg | ||||||||
188Tl | 81 | 107 | 187.97601(4) | 71(2) s | β+ | 188Hg | (2-) | ||
188m1Tl | 40(30) keV | 71(1) s | β+ | 188Hg | (7+) | ||||
188m2Tl | 310(30) keV | 41(4) ms | (9-) | ||||||
189Tl | 81 | 108 | 188.973588(12) | 2.3(2) min | β+ | 189Hg | (1/2+) | ||
189mTl | 257.6(13) keV | 1.4(1) min | β+ (96%) | 189Hg | (9/2-) | ||||
IT (4%) | 189Tl | ||||||||
190Tl | 81 | 109 | 189.97388(5) | 2.6(3) min | β+ | 190Hg | 2(-) | ||
190m1Tl | 130(90)# keV | 3.7(3) min | β+ | 190Hg | 7(+#) | ||||
190m2Tl | 290(70)# keV | 750(40) µs | (8-) | ||||||
190m3Tl | 410(70)# keV | >1 µs | 9- | ||||||
191Tl | 81 | 110 | 190.971786(8) | 20# min | β+ | 191Hg | (1/2+) | ||
191mTl | 297(7) keV | 5.22(16) min | β+ | 191Hg | 9/2(-) | ||||
192Tl | 81 | 111 | 191.97223(3) | 9.6(4) min | β+ | 192Hg | (2-) | ||
192m1Tl | 160(50) keV | 10.8(2) min | β+ | 192Hg | (7+) | ||||
192m2Tl | 407(54) keV | 296(5) ns | (8-) | ||||||
193Tl | 81 | 112 | 192.97067(12) | 21.6(8) min | β+ | 193Hg | 1/2(+#) | ||
193mTl | 369(4) keV | 2.11(15) min | IT (75%) | 193Tl | 9/2- | ||||
β+ (25%) | 193Hg | ||||||||
194Tl | 81 | 113 | 193.97120(15) | 33.0(5) min | β+ | 194Hg | 2- | ||
α (1E-7%) | 190Au | ||||||||
194mTl | 300(200)# keV | 32.8(2) min | β+ | 194Hg | (7+) | ||||
195Tl | 81 | 114 | 194.969774(15) | 1.16(5) h | β+ | 195Hg | 1/2+ | ||
195mTl | 482.63(17) keV | 3.6(4) s | IT | 195Tl | 9/2- | ||||
196Tl | 81 | 115 | 195.970481(13) | 1.84(3) h | β+ | 196Hg | 2- | ||
196mTl | 394.2(5) keV | 1.41(2) h | β+ (95.5%) | Hg | (7+) | ||||
IT (4.5%) | 196Tl | ||||||||
197Tl | 81 | 116 | 196.969575(18) | 2.84(4) h | β+ | 197Hg | 1/2+ | ||
197mTl | 608.22(8) keV | 540(10) ms | IT | 197Tl | 9/2- | ||||
198Tl | 81 | 117 | 197.97048(9) | 5.3(5) h | β+ | 198Hg | 2- | ||
198m1Tl | 543.5(4) keV | 1.87(3) h | β+ (54%) | 198Hg | 7+ | ||||
IT (46%) | 198Tl | ||||||||
198m2Tl | 687.2(5) keV | 150(40) ns | (5+) | ||||||
198m3Tl | 742.3(4) keV | 32.1(10) ms | (10-)# | ||||||
199Tl | 81 | 118 | 198.96988(3) | 7.42(8) h | β+ | 199Hg | 1/2+ | ||
199mTl | 749.7(3) keV | 28.4(2) ms | IT | 199Tl | 9/2- | ||||
200Tl | 81 | 119 | 199.970963(6) | 26.1(1) h | β+ | 200Hg | 2- | ||
200m1Tl | 753.6(2) keV | 34.3(10) ms | IT | 200Tl | 7+ | ||||
200m2Tl | 762.0(2) keV | 0.33(5) µs | 5+ | ||||||
201Tl[n 1] | 81 | 120 | 200.970819(16) | 72.912(17) h | EC | 201Hg | 1/2+ | ||
201mTl | 919.50(9) keV | 2.035(7) ms | IT | 201Tl | (9/2-) | ||||
202Tl | 81 | 121 | 201.972106(16) | 12.23(2) d | β+ | 202Hg | 2- | ||
202mTl | 950.19(10) keV | 572(7) µs | 7+ | ||||||
203Tl | 81 | 122 | 202.9723442(14) | Stable[n 2] | 1/2+ | 0.2952(1) | 0.29494-0.29528 | ||
203mTl | 3400(300) keV | 7.7(5) µs | (25/2+) | ||||||
204Tl | 81 | 123 | 203.9738635(13) | 3.78(2) a | β- (97.1%) | 204Pb | 2- | ||
EC (2.9%) | 204Hg | ||||||||
204m1Tl | 1104.0(4) keV | 63(2) µs | (7)+ | ||||||
204m2Tl | 2500(500) keV | 2.6(2) µs | (12-) | ||||||
204m3Tl | 3500(500) keV | 1.6(2) µs | (20+) | ||||||
205Tl | 81 | 124 | 204.9744275(14) | Stable[n 3] | 1/2+ | 0.7048(1) | 0.70472-0.70506 | ||
205m1Tl | 3290.63(17) keV | 2.6(2) µs | 25/2+ | ||||||
205m2Tl | 4835.6(15) keV | 235(10) ns | (35/2-) | ||||||
206Tl[n 4] | 81 | 125 | 205.9761103(15) | 4.200(17) min | β- | 206Pb | 0- | ||
206mTl | 2643.11(19) keV | 3.74(3) min | IT | 206Tl | (12-) | ||||
207Tl[n 5] | 81 | 126 | 206.977419(6) | 4.77(2) min | β- | 207Pb | 1/2+ | ||
207mTl | 1348.1(3) keV | 1.33(11) s | IT (99.9%) | 207Tl | 11/2- | ||||
β- (.1%) | 207Pb | ||||||||
208Tl[n 6] | 81 | 127 | 207.9820187(21) | 3.053(4) min | β- | 208Pb | 5(+) | ||
209Tl | 81 | 128 | 208.985359(8) | 2.161(7) min | β- | 209Pb | (1/2+) | ||
210Tl[n 7] | 81 | 129 | 209.990074(12) | 1.30(3) min | β- (99.991%) | 210Pb | (5+)# | ||
β-, n (.009%) | 209Pb | ||||||||
211Tl | 81 | 130 | 210.99348(22)# | 1# min [>300 ns] |
1/2+# | ||||
212Tl | 81 | 131 | 211.99823(32)# | 30# s [>300 ns] |
5+# |
Notes
- Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
- Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.
References
- Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|laysummary=
ignored (help)
- J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0849304859.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|nopp=
ignored (|no-pp=
suggested) (help)
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.