Isotopes of bismuth: Difference between revisions

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Bismuth has no stable isotopes, but does have one very long-lived isotope, thus the standard atomic mass can be given. Although bismuth-209 is now known to be unstable, it has classically been considered to be a "stable" isotope because it has a half-life of over 1.9 x 10¹⁹ years, which is more than a billion (1000 million) times the age of the universe. Besides ²⁰⁹Bi, the most stable radioisotopes are ^210mBi with a half life of 3.04 million years and ²⁰⁸Bi with a half-life of 368,000 years and ²⁰⁷Bi, with a half-life of 32.9 years. All other isotopes have half-lives under 1 year, most under a day

Isotopes of bismuth (Bi) that occur within the radioactive disintegration chains of actinium, radium, and thorium were known as:

radium E : ²¹⁰Bi
actinium C : ²¹¹Bi
thorium C : ²¹²Bi
radium C : ²¹⁴Bi

Table

nuclide symbol	Z(p)	N(n)	isotopic mass (u)	half-life^{[n 1]}	decay mode(s)^[1]	daughter isotope(s)	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
nuclide symbol	excitation energy			half-life^{[n 1]}	decay mode(s)^[1]	daughter isotope(s)	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
¹⁸⁴Bi	83	101	184.00112(14)#	6.6(15) ms			3+#
^184mBi	150(100)# keV			13(2) ms			10-#
¹⁸⁵Bi	83	102	184.99763(6)#	2# ms	p	¹⁸⁴Pb	9/2-#
¹⁸⁵Bi	83	102	184.99763(6)#	2# ms	α (rare)	¹⁸¹Tl	9/2-#
^185mBi	70(50)# keV			49(7) µs	α	¹⁸¹Tl	1/2+
^185mBi	70(50)# keV			49(7) µs	p	¹⁸⁴Pb	1/2+
¹⁸⁶Bi	83	103	185.99660(8)	14.8(7) ms	α	¹⁸²Tl	(3+)
¹⁸⁶Bi	83	103	185.99660(8)	14.8(7) ms	β⁺ (rare)	¹⁸⁶Pb	(3+)
^186mBi	270(140)# keV			9.8(4) ms	α	¹⁸²Tl	(10-)
^186mBi	270(140)# keV			9.8(4) ms	β⁺	¹⁸⁶Pb	(10-)
¹⁸⁷Bi	83	104	186.993158(16)	32(3) ms	α (50%)	¹⁸³Tl	9/2-#
¹⁸⁷Bi	83	104	186.993158(16)	32(3) ms	β⁺ (50%)	¹⁸⁷Pb	9/2-#
^187m1Bi	101(20) keV			320(70) µs			1/2+#
^187m2Bi	252(1) keV			7(5) µs			(13/2+)
¹⁸⁸Bi	83	105	187.99227(5)	44(3) ms	α	¹⁸⁴Tl	3+#
¹⁸⁸Bi	83	105	187.99227(5)	44(3) ms	β⁺ (rare)	¹⁸⁸Pb	3+#
^188mBi	210(140)# keV			220(40) ms	α	¹⁸⁴Tl	(10-)
^188mBi	210(140)# keV			220(40) ms	β⁺ (rare)	¹⁸⁸Pb	(10-)
¹⁸⁹Bi	83	106	188.98920(6)	674(11) ms	α (51%)	¹⁸⁵Tl	(9/2-)
¹⁸⁹Bi	83	106	188.98920(6)	674(11) ms	β⁺ (49%)	¹⁸⁹Pb	(9/2-)
^189m1Bi	181(6) keV			5.0(1) ms			(1/2+)
^189m2Bi	357(1) keV			880(50) ns			(13/2+)
¹⁹⁰Bi	83	107	189.9883(2)	6.3(1) s	α (77%)	¹⁸⁶Tl	(3+)
¹⁹⁰Bi	83	107	189.9883(2)	6.3(1) s	β⁺ (30%)	¹⁹⁰Pb	(3+)
^190m1Bi	420(180) keV			6.2(1) s	α (70%)	¹⁸⁶Tl	(10-)
^190m1Bi	420(180) keV			6.2(1) s	β⁺ (30%)	¹⁹⁰Pb	(10-)
^190m2Bi	690(180) keV			>500(100) ns			7+#
¹⁹¹Bi	83	108	190.985786(8)	12.3(3) s	α (60%)	¹⁸⁷Tl	(9/2-)
¹⁹¹Bi	83	108	190.985786(8)	12.3(3) s	β⁺ (40%)	¹⁹¹Pb	(9/2-)
^191mBi	240(4) keV			124(5) ms	α (75%)	¹⁸⁷Tl	(1/2+)
^191mBi	240(4) keV			124(5) ms	β⁺ (25%)	¹⁹¹Pb	(1/2+)
¹⁹²Bi	83	109	191.98546(4)	34.6(9) s	β⁺	¹⁹²Pb	(3+)
¹⁹²Bi	83	109	191.98546(4)	34.6(9) s	α (18%)	¹⁸⁸Tl	(3+)
^192mBi	150(30) keV			39.6(4) s	β⁺ (90.8%)	¹⁹²Pb	(10-)
^192mBi	150(30) keV			39.6(4) s	α (9.2%)	¹⁸⁸Tl	(10-)
¹⁹³Bi	83	110	192.98296(1)	67(3) s	β⁺ (95%)	¹⁹³Pb	(9/2-)
¹⁹³Bi	83	110	192.98296(1)	67(3) s	α (5%)	¹⁸⁹Tl	(9/2-)
^193mBi	308(7) keV			3.2(6) s	α (90%)	¹⁸⁹Tl	(1/2+)
^193mBi	308(7) keV			3.2(6) s	β⁺ (10%)	¹⁹³Pb	(1/2+)
¹⁹⁴Bi	83	111	193.98283(5)	95(3) s	β⁺ (99.54%)	¹⁹⁴Pb	(3+)
¹⁹⁴Bi	83	111	193.98283(5)	95(3) s	α (.46%)	¹⁹⁰Tl	(3+)
^194m1Bi	110(70) keV			125(2) s	β⁺	¹⁹⁴Pb	(6+,7+)
^194m1Bi	110(70) keV			125(2) s	α (rare)	¹⁹⁰Tl	(6+,7+)
^194m2Bi	230(90)# keV			115(4) s			(10-)
¹⁹⁵Bi	83	112	194.980651(6)	183(4) s	β⁺ (99.97%)	¹⁹⁵Pb	(9/2-)
¹⁹⁵Bi	83	112	194.980651(6)	183(4) s	α (.03%)	¹⁹¹Tl	(9/2-)
^195m1Bi	399(6) keV			87(1) s	β⁺ (67%)	¹⁹⁵Pb	(1/2+)
^195m1Bi	399(6) keV			87(1) s	α (33%)	¹⁹¹Tl	(1/2+)
^195m2Bi	2311.4+X keV			750(50) ns			(29/2-)
¹⁹⁶Bi	83	113	195.980667(26)	5.1(2) min	β⁺ (99.99%)	¹⁹⁶Pb	(3+)
¹⁹⁶Bi	83	113	195.980667(26)	5.1(2) min	α (.00115%)	¹⁹²Tl	(3+)
^196m1Bi	166.6(30) keV			0.6(5) s	IT	¹⁹⁶Bi	(7+)
^196m1Bi	166.6(30) keV			0.6(5) s	β⁺	¹⁹⁶Pb	(7+)
^196m2Bi	270(3) keV			4.00(5) min			(10-)
¹⁹⁷Bi	83	114	196.978864(9)	9.33(50) min	β⁺ (99.99%)	¹⁹⁷Pb	(9/2-)
¹⁹⁷Bi	83	114	196.978864(9)	9.33(50) min	α (.0001%)	¹⁹³Tl	(9/2-)
^197m1Bi	690(110) keV			5.04(16) min	α (55%)	¹⁹³Tl	(1/2+)
					β⁺ (45%)	¹⁹⁷Pb
					IT (.3%)	¹⁹⁷Bi
^197m2Bi	2129.3(4) keV			204(18) ns			(23/2-)
^197m3Bi	2360.4(5)+X keV			263(13) ns			(29/2-)
^197m4Bi	2383.1(7)+X keV			253(39) ns			(29/2-)
^197m5Bi	2929.5(5) keV			209(30) ns			(31/2-)
¹⁹⁸Bi	83	115	197.97921(3)	10.3(3) min	β⁺	¹⁹⁸Pb	(2+,3+)
^198m1Bi	280(40) keV			11.6(3) min	β⁺	¹⁹⁸Pb	(7+)
^198m2Bi	530(40) keV			7.7(5) s			10-
¹⁹⁹Bi	83	116	198.977672(13)	27(1) min	β⁺	¹⁹⁹Pb	9/2-
^199m1Bi	667(4) keV			24.70(15) min	β⁺ (98%)	¹⁹⁹Pb	(1/2+)
					IT	¹⁹⁹Bi
					α (.01%)	¹⁹⁵Tl
^199m2Bi	1947(25) keV			0.10(3) µs			(25/2+)
^199m3Bi	~2547.0 keV			168(13) ns			29/2-
²⁰⁰Bi	83	117	199.978132(26)	36.4(5) min	β⁺	²⁰⁰Pb	7+
^200m1Bi	100(70)# keV			31(2) min	EC (90%)	²⁰⁰Pb	(2+)
^200m1Bi	100(70)# keV			31(2) min	IT (10%)	²⁰⁰Bi	(2+)
^200m2Bi	428.20(10) keV			400(50) ms			(10-)
²⁰¹Bi	83	118	200.977009(16)	108(3) min	β⁺ (99.99%)	²⁰¹Pb	9/2-
²⁰¹Bi	83	118	200.977009(16)	108(3) min	α (.0001%)	¹⁹⁷Tl	9/2-
^201m1Bi	846.34(21) keV			59.1(6) min	EC (92.9%)	²⁰¹Pb	1/2+
					IT (6.8%)	²⁰¹Bi
					α (.3%)	¹⁹⁷Tl
^201m2Bi	1932.2+X keV			118(28) ns			(25/2+)
^201m3Bi	1971.2+X keV			105(75) ns			(27/2+)
^201m4Bi	2739.90(20)+X keV			124(4) ns			(29/2-)
²⁰²Bi	83	119	201.977742(22)	1.72(5) h	β⁺	²⁰²Pb	5(+#)
²⁰²Bi	83	119	201.977742(22)	1.72(5) h	α (.00001%)	¹⁹⁸Tl	5(+#)
^202m1Bi	615(7) keV			3.04(6) µs			(10#)-
^202m2Bi	2607.1(5) keV			310(50) ns			(17+)
²⁰³Bi	83	120	202.976876(23)	11.76(5) h	β⁺	²⁰³Pb	9/2-
²⁰³Bi	83	120	202.976876(23)	11.76(5) h	α (.00001%)	¹⁹⁹Tl	9/2-
^203m1Bi	1098.14(7) keV			303(5) ms	IT	²⁰³Bi	1/2+
^203m2Bi	2041.5(6) keV			194(30) ns			25/2+
²⁰⁴Bi	83	121	203.977813(28)	11.22(10) h	β⁺	²⁰⁴Pb	6+
^204m1Bi	805.5(3) keV			13.0(1) ms	IT	²⁰⁴Bi	10-
^204m2Bi	2833.4(11) keV			1.07(3) ms			(17+)
²⁰⁵Bi	83	122	204.977389(8)	15.31(4) d	β⁺	²⁰⁵Pb	9/2-
²⁰⁶Bi	83	123	205.978499(8)	6.243(3) d	β⁺	²⁰⁶Pb	6(+)
^206m1Bi	59.897(17) keV			7.7(2) µs			(4+)
^206m2Bi	1044.8(5) keV			890(10) µs			(10-)
²⁰⁷Bi	83	124	206.9784707(26)	32.9(14) a	β⁺	²⁰⁷Pb	9/2-
^207mBi	2101.49(16) keV			182(6) µs			21/2+
²⁰⁸Bi	83	125	207.9797422(25)	3.68(4)E+5 a	β⁺	²⁰⁸Pb	(5)+
^208mBi	1571.1(4) keV			2.58(4) ms	IT	²⁰⁸Bi	(10)-
²⁰⁹Bi	83	126	208.9803987(16)	1.9(2)E+19 a	α	²⁰⁵Tl	9/2-	1.0000
²¹⁰Bi^{[n 2]}	83	127	209.9841204(16)	5.012(5) d	β^-	²¹⁰Po	1-
²¹⁰Bi^{[n 2]}	83	127	209.9841204(16)	5.012(5) d	α (.000132%)	²⁰⁶Tl	1-
^210mBi	271.31(11) keV			3.04(6)E+6 a	α	²⁰⁶Tl	9-
²¹¹Bi^{[n 3]}	83	128	210.987269(6)	2.14(2) min	α (99.72%)	²⁰⁷Tl	9/2-
²¹¹Bi^{[n 3]}	83	128	210.987269(6)	2.14(2) min	β^- (.276%)	²¹¹Po	9/2-
^211mBi	1257(10) keV			1.4(3) µs			(25/2-)
²¹²Bi^{[n 4]}	83	129	211.9912857(21)	60.55(6) min	β^- (64.05%)	²¹²Po	1(-)
					α (35.94%)	²⁰⁸Tl
					β^-, α (.014%)	²⁰⁸Pb
^212m1Bi	250(30) keV			25.0(2) min	α (67%)	²⁰⁸Tl	(9-)
					β^- (33%)	^212mPo
					β^-, α (.3%)	²⁰⁸Pb
^212m2Bi	2200(200)# keV			7.0(3) min			>15
²¹³Bi	83	130	212.994385(5)	45.59(6) min	β^- (97.91%)	²¹³Po	9/2-
²¹³Bi	83	130	212.994385(5)	45.59(6) min	α (2.09%)	²⁰⁹Tl	9/2-
²¹⁴Bi^{[n 5]}	83	131	213.998712(12)	19.9(4) min	β^- (99.97%)	²¹⁴Po	1-
					α (.021%)	²¹⁰Tl
					β^-, α (.003%)	²¹⁰Pb
²¹⁵Bi	83	132	215.001770(16)	7.6(2) min	β^-	²¹⁵Po	(9/2-)
^215mBi	1347.5(25) keV			36.4(25) min			(25/2-)
²¹⁶Bi	83	133	216.006306(12)	2.17(5) min	β^-	²¹⁶Po	1-#
²¹⁷Bi	83	134	217.00947(21)#	98.5(8) s			9/2-#
²¹⁸Bi	83	135	218.01432(39)#	33(1) s			1-#

^ Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
^ Historically known as radium E
^ Historically known as actinium C
^ Historically known as thorium C
^ Historically known as radium C

Notes

Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.

References

^ http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx

Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |laysummary= ignored (help)
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
- N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0849304859. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |nopp= ignored (|no-pp= suggested) (help)

[1] Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)

[3] Historically known as radium E

[4] Historically known as actinium C

[5] Historically known as thorium C

[6] Historically known as radium C

[2] ttp://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx

[n 1]

[1]

[n 2]

[n 3]

[n 4]

[n 5]

Revision as of 12:43, 13 May 2011

Table

Notes

See also

References