Isotopes of astatine: Difference between revisions
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! <br />isotopic mass (u)<br /> |
! <br />isotopic mass (u)<br /> |
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! rowspan="2" | half-life |
! rowspan="2" | half-life |
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! rowspan="2" | decay<br>mode(s)<ref group="n">Abbreviations:<br>EC: [[Electron capture]]<br>IT: [[Isomeric transition]]</ref> |
! rowspan="2" | decay<br>mode(s)<ref>http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx</ref><ref group="n">Abbreviations:<br>EC: [[Electron capture]]<br>IT: [[Isomeric transition]]</ref> |
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! rowspan="2" | daughter<br>isotope(s) |
! rowspan="2" | daughter<br>isotope(s) |
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! rowspan="2" | nuclear<br />spin |
! rowspan="2" | nuclear<br />spin |
Revision as of 20:25, 15 May 2011
Astatine (At) has 32 known isotopes, all of which are radioactive; the range of their mass numbers is from 191 to 223. There exist also 23 metastable excited states. The longest-lived isotope is 210At, which has a half-life of 8.1 hours; the longest-lived isotope existing in naturally occurring decay chains is 219At with a half-life of 56 seconds.
Table
nuclide symbol |
Z(p) | N(n) | isotopic mass (u) |
half-life | decay mode(s)[1][n 1] |
daughter isotope(s) |
nuclear spin |
representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) |
range of natural variation (mole fraction) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
excitation energy | |||||||||
191At | 85 | 106 | 1.7(+11-5) ms | (1/2+) | |||||
191mAt | 2.1(+4-3) ms | (7/2-) | |||||||
193At | 85 | 108 | 192.99984(6) | 28(+5-4) ms | α | 189Bi | (1/2+) | ||
193m1At | 50 keV | 21(5) ms | (7/2-) | ||||||
193m2At | 39 keV | 27(+4-5) ms | (13/2+) | ||||||
194At | 85 | 109 | 193.99873(20) | ~40 ms | α | 190Bi | 3+# | ||
β+ (rare) | 194Po | ||||||||
194mAt | 480(190) keV | ~250 ms | α | 190Bi | 10-# | ||||
IT (rare) | 194At | ||||||||
195At | 85 | 110 | 194.996268(10) | 328(20) ms | α (75%) | 191Bi | (1/2+) | ||
β+ (25%) | 195Po | ||||||||
195mAt | 34(7) keV | 147(5) ms | 9/2-# | ||||||
196At | 85 | 111 | 195.99579(6) | 253(9) ms | α (96%) | 192Bi | 3+# | ||
β+ (4%) | 196Po | ||||||||
196m1At | -30(80) keV | 20# ms | 10-# | ||||||
196m2At | 157.9(1) keV | 11 µs | 5+# | ||||||
197At | 85 | 112 | 196.99319(5) | 0.390(16) s | α (96%) | 193Bi | (9/2-) | ||
β+ (4%) | 197Po | ||||||||
197mAt | 52(10) keV | 2.0(2) s | (1/2+) | ||||||
198At | 85 | 113 | 197.99284(5) | 4.2(3) s | α (94%) | 194Bi | (3+) | ||
β+ (6%) | 198Po | ||||||||
198mAt | 330(90)# keV | 1.0(2) s | (10-) | ||||||
199At | 85 | 114 | 198.99053(5) | 6.92(13) s | α (89%) | 195Bi | (9/2-) | ||
β+ (11%) | 199Po | ||||||||
200At | 85 | 115 | 199.990351(26) | 43.2(9) s | α (57%) | 196Bi | (3+) | ||
β+ (43%) | 200Po | ||||||||
200m1At | 112.7(30) keV | 47(1) s | α (43%) | 196Bi | (7+) | ||||
IT | 200At | ||||||||
β+ | 200Po | ||||||||
200m2At | 344(3) keV | 3.5(2) s | (10-) | ||||||
201At | 85 | 116 | 200.988417(9) | 85(3) s | α (71%) | 197Bi | (9/2-) | ||
β+ (29%) | 201Po | ||||||||
202At | 85 | 117 | 201.98863(3) | 184(1) s | β+ (88%) | 202Po | (2,3)+ | ||
α (12%) | 198Bi | ||||||||
202m1At | 190(40) keV | 182(2) s | (7+) | ||||||
202m2At | 580(40) keV | 460(50) ms | (10-) | ||||||
203At | 85 | 118 | 202.986942(13) | 7.37(13) min | β+ (69%) | 203Po | 9/2- | ||
α (31%) | 199Bi | ||||||||
204At | 85 | 119 | 203.987251(26) | 9.2(2) min | β+ (96.2%) | 204Po | 7+ | ||
α (3.8%) | 200Bi | ||||||||
204mAt | 587.30(20) keV | 108(10) ms | IT | 204At | (10-) | ||||
205At | 85 | 120 | 204.986074(16) | 26.2(5) min | β+ (90%) | 205Po | 9/2- | ||
α (10%) | 201Bi | ||||||||
205mAt | 2339.65(23) keV | 7.76(14) µs | 29/2+ | ||||||
206At | 85 | 121 | 205.986667(22) | 30.6(13) min | β+ (99.11%) | 206Po | (5)+ | ||
α (.89%) | 202Bi | ||||||||
206mAt | 807(3) keV | 410(80) ns | (10)- | ||||||
207At | 85 | 122 | 206.985784(23) | 1.80(4) h | β+ (91.4%) | 207Po | 9/2- | ||
α (8.6%) | 203Bi | ||||||||
208At | 85 | 123 | 207.986590(28) | 1.63(3) h | β+ (99.45%) | 208Po | 6+ | ||
α (.55%) | 204Bi | ||||||||
209At | 85 | 124 | 208.986173(8) | 5.41(5) h | β+ (95.9%) | 209Po | 9/2- | ||
α (4.1%) | 205Bi | ||||||||
210At | 85 | 125 | 209.987148(8) | 8.1(4) h | β+ (99.82%) | 210Po | (5)+ | ||
α (.175%) | 206Bi | ||||||||
210m1At | 2549.6(2) keV | 482(6) µs | (15)- | ||||||
210m2At | 4027.7(2) keV | 5.66(7) µs | (19)+ | ||||||
211At | 85 | 126 | 210.9874963(30) | 7.214(7) h | EC (58.2%) | 211Po | 9/2- | ||
α (41.8%) | 207Bi | ||||||||
212At | 85 | 127 | 211.990745(8) | 0.314(2) s | α (99.97%) | 208Bi | (1-) | ||
β+ (.03%) | 212Po | ||||||||
β- (2E-6%) | 212Rn | ||||||||
212m1At | 223(7) keV | 0.119(3) s | α (99%) | 208Bi | (9-) | ||||
IT (1%) | 212At | ||||||||
212m2At | 4771.6(11) keV | 152(5) µs | (25-) | ||||||
213At | 85 | 128 | 212.992937(5) | 125(6) ns | α | 209Bi | 9/2- | ||
214At | 85 | 129 | 213.996372(5) | 558(10) ns | α | 210Bi | 1- | ||
214m1At | 59(9) keV | 265(30) ns | |||||||
214m2At | 231(6) keV | 760(15) ns | 9- | ||||||
215At | 85 | 130 | 214.998653(7) | 0.10(2) ms | α | 211Bi | 9/2- | [n 2] | |
216At | 85 | 131 | 216.002423(4) | 0.30(3) ms | α (99.99%) | 212Bi | 1- | ||
β- (.006%) | 216Rn | ||||||||
EC (3E-7%) | 216Po | ||||||||
216mAt | 413(5) keV | 100# µs | (9-) | ||||||
217At | 85 | 132 | 217.004719(5) | 32.3(4) ms | α (99.98%) | 213Bi | 9/2- | ||
β- (.012%) | 217Rn | ||||||||
218At | 85 | 133 | 218.008694(12) | 1.5(3) s | α (99.9%) | 214Bi | 1-# | [n 3] | |
β- (.1%) | 218Rn | ||||||||
219At | 85 | 134 | 219.011162(4) | 56(3) s | α (97%) | 215Bi | 5/2-# | [n 2] | |
β- (3%) | 219Rn | ||||||||
220At | 85 | 135 | 220.01541(6) | 3.71(4) min | β- (92%) | 220Rn | 3(-#) | ||
α (8%) | 216Bi | ||||||||
221At | 85 | 136 | 221.01805(21)# | 2.3(2) min | β- | 221Rn | 3/2-# | ||
222At | 85 | 137 | 222.02233(32)# | 54(10) s | β- | 222Rn | |||
223At | 85 | 138 | 223.02519(43)# | 50(7) s | 3/2-# |
- ^ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition - ^ a b Occurs in trace quantities in nature as an intermediate decay product of 235U
- ^ Occurs in trace quantities in nature as an intermediate decay product of 238U
Notes
- Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
- Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.
See also
References
- Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|laysummary=
ignored (help)
- J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0849304859.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|nopp=
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suggested) (help)
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.