Isotopes of berkelium: Difference between revisions
Appearance
Content deleted Content added
XinaNicole (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
XinaNicole (talk | contribs) |
||
Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
! <br />isotopic mass (u)<br /> |
! <br />isotopic mass (u)<br /> |
||
! rowspan="2" | half-life |
! rowspan="2" | half-life |
||
! rowspan="2" | decay<br>mode(s)<ref>http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx</ref><ref group="n">Abbreviations:<br>EC: [[Electron capture]]<br>IT: [[Isomeric transition]]<br>SF: [[Spontaneous fission]]</ref> |
|||
! rowspan="2" | daughter<br>isotope(s) |
|||
! rowspan="2" | nuclear<br />spin |
! rowspan="2" | nuclear<br />spin |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan="3" | excitation energy |
! colspan="3" | excitation energy |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup>235</sup>Bk |
| rowspan=2|<sup>235</sup>Bk |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 97 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 138 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 138 |
||
| 235.05658(43)# |
| rowspan=2|235.05658(43)# |
||
| 20# s |
| rowspan=2|20# s |
||
| [[alpha decay|α]] |
|||
| |
|||
| <sup>231</sup>Am |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup> |
| [[beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>]] |
||
| <sup>235</sup>Cm |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 97 |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 139 |
|||
| 236.05733(43)# |
|||
| 1# min |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup> |
| rowspan=2|<sup>236</sup>Bk |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 97 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 139 |
||
| |
| rowspan=2|236.05733(43)# |
||
| 1# min |
| rowspan=2|1# min |
||
| |
| α |
||
| <sup>232</sup>Am |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup> |
| β<sup>+</sup> |
||
| <sup>236</sup>Cm |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 97 |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 141 |
|||
| 238.05828(31)# |
|||
| 2.40(8) min |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup> |
| rowspan=2|<sup>237</sup>Bk |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 97 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 140 |
||
| |
| rowspan=2|237.05700(24)# |
||
| |
| rowspan=2|1# min |
||
| |
| α |
||
| <sup>233</sup>Am |
|||
| rowspan=2|7/2+# |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup> |
| β<sup>+</sup> (rare) |
||
| <sup>237</sup>Cm |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 97 |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 143 |
|||
| 240.05976(16)# |
|||
| 4.8(8) min |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup> |
| rowspan=3|<sup>238</sup>Bk |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 97 |
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 97 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | |
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 141 |
||
| |
| rowspan=3|238.05828(31)# |
||
| |
| rowspan=3|2.40(8) min |
||
| |
| α |
||
| <sup>234</sup>Am |
|||
| rowspan=3| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup> |
| β<sup>+</sup>, [[Spontaneous fission|SF]] (.048%) |
||
| (various) |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 97 |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 145 |
|||
| β<sup>+</sup> (rare) |
|||
| 242.06198(22)# |
|||
| <sup>238</sup>Cm |
|||
| 7.0(13) min |
|||
| |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2|<sup>239</sup>Bk |
|||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97 |
|||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 142 |
|||
| rowspan=2|239.05828(25)# |
|||
| rowspan=2|3# min |
|||
| α |
|||
| <sup>235</sup>Am |
|||
| rowspan=2|7/2+# |
|||
|- |
|||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
|||
| <sup>239</sup>Cm |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=3|<sup>240</sup>Bk |
|||
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 97 |
|||
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 143 |
|||
| rowspan=3|240.05976(16)# |
|||
| rowspan=3|4.8(8) min |
|||
| β<sup>+</sup> (90%) |
|||
| <sup>240</sup>Cm |
|||
| rowspan=3| |
|||
|- |
|||
| α (10%) |
|||
| <sup>236</sup>Am |
|||
|- |
|||
| β<sup>+</sup>, SF (.002%) |
|||
| (various) |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=2|<sup>241</sup>Bk |
|||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97 |
|||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 144 |
|||
| rowspan=2|241.06023(22)# |
|||
| rowspan=2|4.6(4) min |
|||
| α |
|||
| <sup>237</sup>Am |
|||
| rowspan=2|(7/2+) |
|||
|- |
|||
| β<sup>+</sup> (rare) |
|||
| <sup>241</sup>Cf |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=2|<sup>242</sup>Bk |
|||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97 |
|||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 145 |
|||
| rowspan=2|242.06198(22)# |
|||
| rowspan=2|7.0(13) min |
|||
| β<sup>+</sup> (99.99%) |
|||
| <sup>242</sup>Cm |
|||
| rowspan=2|2-# |
|||
|- |
|||
| β<sup>+</sup>, SF (3E-4%) |
|||
| (various) |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>242m</sup>Bk |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>242m</sup>Bk |
||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 200(200)# keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 200(200)# keV |
||
| 600(100) ns |
| 600(100) ns |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup>243</sup>Bk |
| rowspan=2|<sup>243</sup>Bk |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 97 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 146 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 146 |
||
| 243.063008(5) |
| rowspan=2|243.063008(5) |
||
| 4.5(2) h |
| rowspan=2|4.5(2) h |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> (99.85%) |
|||
| (3/2-) |
|||
| <sup>243</sup>Cm |
|||
| rowspan=2|(3/2-) |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| α (.15%) |
|||
| <sup>244</sup>Bk |
|||
| <sup>239</sup>Am |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 97 |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 147 |
|||
| 244.065181(16) |
|||
| 4.35(15) h |
|||
| (4-)# |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup> |
| rowspan=2|<sup>244</sup>Bk |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 97 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 147 |
||
| rowspan=2|244.065181(16) |
|||
| 245.0663616(25) |
|||
| 4. |
| rowspan=2|4.35(15) h |
||
| β<sup>+</sup> (99.99%) |
|||
| 3/2- |
|||
| <sup>244</sup>Cm |
|||
| rowspan=2|(4-)# |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| α (.006%) |
|||
| <sup>246</sup>Bk |
|||
| <sup>240</sup>Am |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 97 |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 149 |
|||
| 246.06867(6) |
|||
| 1.80(2) d |
|||
| 2(-) |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup> |
| rowspan=2|<sup>245</sup>Bk |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 97 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 148 |
||
| rowspan=2|245.0663616(25) |
|||
| 247.070307(6) |
|||
| |
| rowspan=2|4.94(3) d |
||
| [[Electron capture|EC]] (99.88%) |
|||
| (3/2-) |
|||
| <sup>245</sup>Cm |
|||
| rowspan=2|3/2- |
|||
|- |
|||
| α (.12%) |
|||
| <sup>241</sup>Am |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=2|<sup>246</sup>Bk |
|||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97 |
|||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 149 |
|||
| rowspan=2|246.06867(6) |
|||
| rowspan=2|1.80(2) d |
|||
| β<sup>+</sup> (99.8%) |
|||
| <sup>246</sup>Cm |
|||
| rowspan=2|2(-) |
|||
|- |
|||
| α (.2%) |
|||
| <sup>242</sup>Am |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=2|<sup>247</sup>Bk |
|||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97 |
|||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 150 |
|||
| rowspan=2|247.070307(6) |
|||
| rowspan=2|1.38(25)E+3 a |
|||
| α |
|||
| <sup>243</sup>Am |
|||
| rowspan=2|(3/2-) |
|||
|- |
|||
| SF (rare) |
|||
| (various) |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup>248</sup>Bk |
| <sup>248</sup>Bk |
||
Line 113: | Line 188: | ||
| 248.07309(8)# |
| 248.07309(8)# |
||
| >9 a |
| >9 a |
||
| α |
|||
| <sup>244</sup>Am |
|||
| 6+# |
| 6+# |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 118: | Line 195: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 30(70)# keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 30(70)# keV |
||
| 23.7(2) h |
| 23.7(2) h |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| 1(-) |
| 1(-) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup>249</sup>Bk |
| rowspan=3|<sup>249</sup>Bk |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 97 |
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 97 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 152 |
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 152 |
||
| 249.0749867(28) |
| rowspan=3|249.0749867(28) |
||
| 330(4) d |
| rowspan=3|330(4) d |
||
| β<sup>-</sup> |
|||
| 7/2+ |
|||
| <sup>249</sup>Cm |
|||
| rowspan=3|7/2+ |
|||
|- |
|||
| α (.00145%) |
|||
| <sup>245</sup>Am |
|||
|- |
|||
| SF (4.7E-8%) |
|||
| (various) |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>249m</sup>Bk |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>249m</sup>Bk |
||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 8.80(10) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 8.80(10) keV |
||
| 300 µs |
| 300 µs |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| (3/2-) |
| (3/2-) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 137: | Line 226: | ||
| 250.078317(4) |
| 250.078317(4) |
||
| 3.212(5) h |
| 3.212(5) h |
||
| β<sup>-</sup> |
|||
| <sup>250</sup>Cf |
|||
| 2- |
| 2- |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 142: | Line 233: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 35.59(5) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 35.59(5) keV |
||
| 29(1) µs |
| 29(1) µs |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| (4+) |
| (4+) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 147: | Line 240: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 84.1(21) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 84.1(21) keV |
||
| 213(8) µs |
| 213(8) µs |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| (7+) |
| (7+) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup>251</sup>Bk |
| rowspan=2|<sup>251</sup>Bk |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 97 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 154 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 154 |
||
| 251.080760(12) |
| rowspan=2|251.080760(12) |
||
| 55.6(11) min |
| rowspan=2|55.6(11) min |
||
| β<sup>-</sup> |
|||
| (3/2-)# |
|||
| <sup>251</sup>Cf |
|||
| rowspan=2|(3/2-)# |
|||
|- |
|||
| α (1E-5%) |
|||
| <sup>247</sup>Am |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>251m</sup>Bk |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>251m</sup>Bk |
||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 35.5(13) keV |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 35.5(13) keV |
||
| 58(4) µs |
| 58(4) µs |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| (7/2+)# |
| (7/2+)# |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup>252</sup>Bk |
| rowspan=2|<sup>252</sup>Bk |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 97 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 155 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 155 |
||
| 252.08431(22)# |
| rowspan=2|252.08431(22)# |
||
| 1.8(5) min |
| rowspan=2|1.8(5) min |
||
| β<sup>-</sup> |
|||
| |
|||
| <sup>252</sup>Cf |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
|- |
|||
| α |
|||
| <sup>248</sup>Am |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup>253</sup>Bk |
| <sup>253</sup>Bk |
||
Line 173: | Line 280: | ||
| 253.08688(39)# |
| 253.08688(39)# |
||
| 10# min |
| 10# min |
||
| β<sup>-</sup> |
|||
| <sup>253</sup>Cf |
|||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 180: | Line 289: | ||
| 254.09060(32)# |
| 254.09060(32)# |
||
| 1# min |
| 1# min |
||
| β<sup>-</sup> |
|||
| <sup>254</sup>Cf |
|||
| |
| |
||
|} |
|} |
||
<references group="n" /> |
|||
=== Notes === |
=== Notes === |
Revision as of 07:06, 21 May 2011
Berkelium (Bk) has no stable isotopes. There are 20 known radioisotopes, from 235Bk to 254Bk, and 6 nuclear isomers. A standard atomic mass cannot be given. The isotope with the longest half-life is 247Bk with a half-life of 1,380 years.
Table
nuclide symbol |
Z(p) | N(n) | isotopic mass (u) |
half-life | decay mode(s)[1][n 1] |
daughter isotope(s) |
nuclear spin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
excitation energy | |||||||
235Bk | 97 | 138 | 235.05658(43)# | 20# s | α | 231Am | |
β+ | 235Cm | ||||||
236Bk | 97 | 139 | 236.05733(43)# | 1# min | α | 232Am | |
β+ | 236Cm | ||||||
237Bk | 97 | 140 | 237.05700(24)# | 1# min | α | 233Am | 7/2+# |
β+ (rare) | 237Cm | ||||||
238Bk | 97 | 141 | 238.05828(31)# | 2.40(8) min | α | 234Am | |
β+, SF (.048%) | (various) | ||||||
β+ (rare) | 238Cm | ||||||
239Bk | 97 | 142 | 239.05828(25)# | 3# min | α | 235Am | 7/2+# |
β+ | 239Cm | ||||||
240Bk | 97 | 143 | 240.05976(16)# | 4.8(8) min | β+ (90%) | 240Cm | |
α (10%) | 236Am | ||||||
β+, SF (.002%) | (various) | ||||||
241Bk | 97 | 144 | 241.06023(22)# | 4.6(4) min | α | 237Am | (7/2+) |
β+ (rare) | 241Cf | ||||||
242Bk | 97 | 145 | 242.06198(22)# | 7.0(13) min | β+ (99.99%) | 242Cm | 2-# |
β+, SF (3E-4%) | (various) | ||||||
242mBk | 200(200)# keV | 600(100) ns | |||||
243Bk | 97 | 146 | 243.063008(5) | 4.5(2) h | β+ (99.85%) | 243Cm | (3/2-) |
α (.15%) | 239Am | ||||||
244Bk | 97 | 147 | 244.065181(16) | 4.35(15) h | β+ (99.99%) | 244Cm | (4-)# |
α (.006%) | 240Am | ||||||
245Bk | 97 | 148 | 245.0663616(25) | 4.94(3) d | EC (99.88%) | 245Cm | 3/2- |
α (.12%) | 241Am | ||||||
246Bk | 97 | 149 | 246.06867(6) | 1.80(2) d | β+ (99.8%) | 246Cm | 2(-) |
α (.2%) | 242Am | ||||||
247Bk | 97 | 150 | 247.070307(6) | 1.38(25)E+3 a | α | 243Am | (3/2-) |
SF (rare) | (various) | ||||||
248Bk | 97 | 151 | 248.07309(8)# | >9 a | α | 244Am | 6+# |
248mBk | 30(70)# keV | 23.7(2) h | 1(-) | ||||
249Bk | 97 | 152 | 249.0749867(28) | 330(4) d | β- | 249Cm | 7/2+ |
α (.00145%) | 245Am | ||||||
SF (4.7E-8%) | (various) | ||||||
249mBk | 8.80(10) keV | 300 µs | (3/2-) | ||||
250Bk | 97 | 153 | 250.078317(4) | 3.212(5) h | β- | 250Cf | 2- |
250m1Bk | 35.59(5) keV | 29(1) µs | (4+) | ||||
250m2Bk | 84.1(21) keV | 213(8) µs | (7+) | ||||
251Bk | 97 | 154 | 251.080760(12) | 55.6(11) min | β- | 251Cf | (3/2-)# |
α (1E-5%) | 247Am | ||||||
251mBk | 35.5(13) keV | 58(4) µs | (7/2+)# | ||||
252Bk | 97 | 155 | 252.08431(22)# | 1.8(5) min | β- | 252Cf | |
α | 248Am | ||||||
253Bk | 97 | 156 | 253.08688(39)# | 10# min | β- | 253Cf | |
254Bk | 97 | 157 | 254.09060(32)# | 1# min | β- | 254Cf |
- ^ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
SF: Spontaneous fission
Notes
- Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
- Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.
See also
References
- Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|laysummary=
ignored (help)
- J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0849304859.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|nopp=
ignored (|no-pp=
suggested) (help)
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.