Jump to content

List of large volcanic eruptions: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→‎Overview: Restoring edit of Jasperbittergrab
removed puyehue cordon caulle 2011 eruption: it's a vei 4, as stated here: bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/searchVOGRIPA.cfc?method=search&ymax=&xmin=&xmax=&ymin=&volcanoName=Puyehue-Cord%C3%B3n+Caulle&alternateVolcanoName=&volcanoType=any&dateType=dateTypeBP&eruptionD
Line 15: Line 15:
!class="unsortable"|Tephra or eruption name
!class="unsortable"|Tephra or eruption name
|-
|-

! style="background:#f30;"|5
||{{Flagicon|Chile}} [[Puyehue-Cordon Caulle]]||[[Andean Volcanic Belt]]||2011-06-04 AD||0.000004||
|-
! style="background:#f30;"|5
! style="background:#f30;"|5
||{{Flagicon|Chile}} [[Mount Hudson]]||[[Andean Volcanic Belt]]||1991-08-08 AD||0.000024||
||{{Flagicon|Chile}} [[Mount Hudson]]||[[Andean Volcanic Belt]]||1991-08-08 AD||0.000024||
|-
|-
! style="background:#f00; color:white;"|6
! style="background:#f00; color:white;"|6
||{{Flagicon|Philippines}} [[Mount Pinatubo]]||[[Luzon]] Volcanic Arc||1991-06-15 AD||0.000024||
||{{Flagicon|Philippines}} [[Mount Pinatubo]]||[[Luzon]] Volcanic Arc||1991-06-15 AD||0.000025||
|-
|-
! style="background:#f30;"|5
! style="background:#f30;"|5
Line 28: Line 26:
|-
|-
! style="background:#f30;"|5
! style="background:#f30;"|5
||{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Mount St. Helens]]||[[Cascade Volcanic Arc]]||1980-05-18 AD||0.000035||
||{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Mount St. Helens]]||[[Cascade Volcanic Arc]]||1980-05-18 AD||0.000036||
|-
|-
! style="background:#f30;"|5
! style="background:#f30;"|5
Line 43: Line 41:
|-
|-
! style="background:#f00; color:white;"|6
! style="background:#f00; color:white;"|6
||{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Novarupta]]||[[Aleutian Range]]||1912-06-06 AD||0.000103||
||{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Novarupta]]||[[Aleutian Range]]||1912-06-06 AD||0.000104||
|-
|-
! style="background:#f30;"|5
! style="background:#f30;"|5
Line 52: Line 50:
|-
|-
! style="background:#f30;"|5
! style="background:#f30;"|5
||{{Flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Mount Tarawera]]||[[Taupo Volcanic Zone]]||1886-06-10 AD||0.000129||
||{{Flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Mount Tarawera]]||[[Taupo Volcanic Zone]]||1886-06-10 AD||0.000130||
|-
|-
! style="background:#f00; color:white;"|6
! style="background:#f00; color:white;"|6
Line 92: Line 90:
|-
|-
! style="background:#900; color:white;"|7
! style="background:#900; color:white;"|7
||{{Flagicon|Indonesia}} Mt.[[Rinjani]]||[[Lombok Island]]||1258||0.000759||May have triggered the [[Little Ice Age]] <ref>{{cite web|author=Space |url=http://www.wired.com/2013/09/samalas-in-indonesia-identified-source-of-the-1258-a-d-missing-eruption/ |title=Samalas in Indonesia Identified as Source of the 1257 A.D. 'Missing' Eruption |publisher=WIRED |date=2013-09-30 |accessdate=2015-12-16}}</ref>
||{{Flagicon|Indonesia}} Mt.[[Rinjani]]||[[Lombok Island]]||1257||0.000759||May have triggered the [[Little Ice Age]] <ref>{{cite web|author=Space |url=http://www.wired.com/2013/09/samalas-in-indonesia-identified-source-of-the-1258-a-d-missing-eruption/ |title=Samalas in Indonesia Identified as Source of the 1257 A.D. 'Missing' Eruption |publisher=WIRED |date=2013-09-30 |accessdate=2015-12-16}}</ref>
|-
|-
! style="background:#900; color:white;"|7
! style="background:#900; color:white;"|7

Revision as of 11:13, 6 July 2016

For a list of the largest recorded eruptions, see List of largest volcanic eruptions.

This is a sortable summary of the pages Timeline of volcanism on Earth, List of Quaternary volcanic eruptions, and Large volume volcanic eruptions in the Basin and Range Province. Uncertainties as to dates and tephra volumes are not restated, and references are not repeated. Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) values for events in the Miocene epoch sometimes lack references. They are given as VEI-equivalent, as orientation[clarification needed] of the erupted tephra volume.

Overview

VEI Volcano name Volcanic arc/belt,
subregion, or hotspot 		Historical Date Geological Date in Ma Tephra or eruption name
5 Chile Mount Hudson Andean Volcanic Belt 1991-08-08 AD 0.000024
6 Philippines Mount Pinatubo Luzon Volcanic Arc 1991-06-15 AD 0.000025
5 Mexico El Chichon . 1982-04-04 AD 0.000034
5 United States Mount St. Helens Cascade Volcanic Arc 1980-05-18 AD 0.000036
5 Indonesia Mount Agung . 1963-03-17 AD 0.000053
5 Russia Bezymianny Kamchatka Peninsula 1955 AD 0.000061
5 Russia Kharimkotan Kuril Islands 1933 AD 0.000083
5 Chile Cerro Azul Andean Volcanic Belt 1932-04-10 AD 0.000084
6 United States Novarupta Aleutian Range 1912-06-06 AD 0.000104
5 Russia Ksudach Kamchatka Peninsula 1907-03-28 AD 0.000109
6 Guatemala Santa María Central America Volcanic Arc 1902-10-24 AD 0.000113
5 New Zealand Mount Tarawera Taupo Volcanic Zone 1886-06-10 AD 0.000130
6 Indonesia Krakatoa Sunda Arc 1883-08-26 AD 0.000132
5 Nicaragua Cosigüina Central America Volcanic Arc 1835-01-20 AD 0.000181
7 Indonesia Mount Tambora Lesser Sunda Islands 1815-04-10 AD 0.000201
6? Source unknown Source unknown 1809 AD 0.000207 Undocumented 1809 eruption[1]
6 Iceland Grímsvötn Iceland 1783-85 AD 0.000231 Skaftáreldar at Laki
6 Papua New Guinea Long Island (Papua New Guinea)[citation needed] Bismarck Volcanic Arc 1660 AD 0.000356
6 Greece Kolumbo, Santorini South Aegean Volcanic Arc 1650-09-27 0.000365
6 Peru Huaynaputina Andes, Central Volcanic Zone 1600-02-19 AD 0.000416
6 Papua New Guinea Billy Mitchell Bougainville & Solomon Is. 1580 AD 0.000436
6 Iceland Bárðarbunga Iceland 1477 AD 0.000539
6 Vanuatu Kuwae Vanuatu 1452-53 AD 0.000563
6 Ecuador Quilotoa Andes, Northern Volcanic Zone 1280 AD 0.000736
7 Indonesia Mt.Rinjani Lombok Island 1257 0.000759 May have triggered the Little Ice Age [2]
7 China/North Korea Baekdu Mountain Balhae (China – North Korea border) 969 AD 0.001047 Tianchi eruption
6 Iceland Katla Iceland 934-940 AD 0.001076 Eldgjá eruption
6 Mexico Ceboruco Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt 930 AD 0.001086
6 Papua New Guinea Dakataua Bismarck Volcanic Arc 800 AD 0.001216
6 Papua New Guinea Pago Bismarck Volcanic Arc 710 AD 0.001306
6 United States Mount Churchill eastern Alaska, USA 700 AD 0.001316
6 Papua New Guinea Rabaul caldera Bismarck Volcanic Arc 540 AD 0.001476
6 El Salvador Lake Ilopango Central America Volcanic Arc 450 AD 0.001566
6 Russia Ksudach Kamchatka Peninsula 240 AD 0.001776
7 New Zealand Taupo Volcano Taupo Volcanic Zone 230 AD 0.001786 Hatepe eruption
5 Italy Mount Vesuvius Campanian volcanic arc 79 AD 0.001937 Pompeii eruption
6 United States Mount Churchill eastern Alaska, USA 60 AD 0.001956
6 Vanuatu Ambrym Vanuatu 50 AD 0.001966
6 Nicaragua Apoyeque Central America Volcanic Arc 50 BC 0.002065
6 United States Mount Okmok Aleutian Islands 100 BC 0.002115
6 New Zealand Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 250 BC 0.002265
5 Canada Mount Meager Garibaldi Volcanic Belt 400 BC 0.002415 Bridge River Ash
5 New Zealand Mount Tongariro Taupo Volcanic Zone 550 BC 0.002565
6 Philippines Mount Pinatubo Luzon Volcanic Arc 1050 BC 0.003065
5 Russia Avachinsky Kamchatka Peninsula 1350 BC 0.003365 tephra layer IIAV3
6 Papua New Guinea Pago Bismarck Volcanic Arc 1370 BC 0.003385
6 New Zealand Taupo Volcano Taupo Volcanic Zone 1460 BC 0.003475
5 Russia Avachinsky Kamchatka Peninsula 1500 BC 0.003515
7 Greece Youngest Caldera, Santorini South Aegean Volcanic Arc 1610 BC 0.003625 Minoan eruption
6 United States Mount Aniakchak Aleutian Range 1645 BC 0.003660
6 United States Mount Veniaminof Aleutian Range 1750 BC 0.003765
6 United States Mount St. Helens Cascade Volcanic Arc 1860 BC 0.003875
6 Chile Mount Hudson Andes, Southern Volcanic Zone 1890 BC 0.003925
6 United States Black Peak Aleutian Range 1900 BC 0.003915
6 Papua New Guinea Long Island (Papua New Guinea) Bismarck Volcanic Arc 2040 BC 0.004075
7 Argentina Cerro Blanco (Argentina) Andes, Central Volcanic Zone 2300 BC 0.004315
6 Italy Mount Vesuvius Campanian volcanic arc 2420 BC 0.004435 Avellino eruption
5 Russia Avachinsky Kamchatka Peninsula 3200 BC 0.005215 tephra layer IAv20; AV3
6 Philippines Mount Pinatubo Luzon Volcanic Arc 3550 BC 0.005565
6 Philippines Taal Volcano Luzon Volcanic Arc 3580 BC 0.005595
5 Haroharo Caldera Taupo Volcanic Zone 3580 BC 0.005595
6 Pago Bismarck Volcanic Arc 4000 BC 0.006015
6 Masaya Volcano Central America Volcanic Arc 4050 BC 0.006065
5 Avachinsky Kamchatka Peninsula 4340 BC 0.006355 tephra layer IAv12; AV4
7 Kikai Caldera Ryukyu Islands 4350 BC 0.006365 Akahoya eruption
6 Macauley Island Kermadec Islands 4360 BC 0.006375
6 Mount Hudson Andes, Southern Volcanic Zone 4750 BC 0.006765
6 Mount Aniakchak Aleutian Range 5250 BC 0.007265
6 Lake Mashū Japan 5550 BC 0.007565
6 Tao-Rusyr Caldera Kuril Islands 5550 BC 0.007565
5 Mayor Island/Tuhua Taupo Volcanic Zone 5560 BC 0.007575
7 Crater Lake
(as Mount Mazama)		 Cascade Volcanic Arc 5677 BC 0.007692
6 Khangar Kamchatka Peninsula 5700 BC 0.007715
6 Crater Lake Cascade Volcanic Arc 5900 BC 0.007915
5 Avachinsky Kamchatka Peninsula 5980 BC 0.007995 tephra layer IAv1
6 Menengai East African Rift 6050 BC 0.008065
5 Haroharo Caldera Taupo Volcanic Zone 6060 BC 0.008075
6 Sakurajima Japan 6200 BC 0.008215
7 Kurile Lake Kamchatka Peninsula 6440 BC 0.008455 Ilinsky eruption
6 Karymsky (volcano) Kamchatka Peninsula 6600 BC 0.008615
6 Mount Vesuvius Campanian volcanic arc 6940 BC 0.008955 Mercato eruption
6 Fisher Caldera Aleutian Islands 7420 BC 0.009435
6 Mount Pinatubo Luzon Volcanic Arc 7460 BC 0.009475
6 Lvinaya Past Kuril Islands 7480 BC 0.009495
5 Rotoma Caldera Taupo Volcanic Zone 7560 BC 0.009575
5 United States Ko'olau Range Honolulu Volcanic Series 8000 BC 0.010015
5 Taupo Volcano Taupo Volcanic Zone 8130 BC 0.010145
6 Grímsvötn Iceland 8230 BC 0.010245
6 Nevado de Toluca Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt 0.0105 Ma Upper Toluca Pumice
6 Ulleungdo South Korea 8750 BC 0.010765
5 Mount Tongariro Taupo Volcanic Zone 9450 BC 0.011465
5 Taupo Volcano Taupo Volcanic Zone 9460 BC 0.011475
5 Mount Tongariro Taupo Volcanic Zone 9650 BC 0.011665
6 Laacher See Eifel hotspot 0.0129 Ma
5 Mount Vesuvius Campanian volcanic arc 0.016 Ma Green Pumice
6 Emmons Lake caldera Aleutian Range 0.017 Ma
6 Mount Vesuvius Campanian volcanic arc 0.0183 Ma Basal Pumice
? Cape Riva Caldera, Santorini South Aegean Volcanic Arc 0.021 Ma
7 Aira Caldera Japan 0.022 Ma
8 Taupo Volcano Taupo Volcanic Zone 0.0245 Ma Oruanui eruption
? Laguna Caldera Luzon Volcanic Arc 0.027-29 Ma
? Menengai East African Rift 0.029 Ma
6 Morne Diablotins Lesser Antilles island arc 0.03 Ma Grand Savanne Ignimbrite
7 Campi Flegrei Campanian volcanic arc 0.037 Ma Campanian Ignimbrite
5 Campi Flegrei Campanian volcanic arc 0.03928 Ma Campanian Tuff
5 Galeras Andes, Northern Volcanic Zone 0.04 Ma
7 Kurile Lake Kamchatka Peninsula 0.0415 Ma Golygin eruption
7 Okataina Volcanic Complex Taupo Volcanic Zone 0.05 Ma Rotoiti Ignimbrite
7 Maninjau Caldera Sunda Arc 0.052 Ma
? Skaros Caldera, Santorini South Aegean Volcanic Arc 0.07 Ma
8 Lake Toba Caldera Sunda Arc 0.073 Ma Youngest Toba Tuff
7 Lago de Atitlán Central America Volcanic Arc 0.084 Ma Los Chocoyos eruption
7 Mount Aso Japan 0.09 Ma
6 Sierra La Primavera Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt 0.095 Ma Tala Tuff
6 Mount Aso Japan 0.12 Ma
? Yellowstone Caldera Yellowstone hotspot 0.070-150 Ma magmatic
6 Mount Aso Japan 0.14 Ma
5 Galeras Andes, Northern Volcanic Zone 0.15 Ma
6 Kos-Nisyros Caldera South Aegean Volcanic Arc 0.161 Ma Kos Plateau Tuff
? Southern Caldera, Santorini South Aegean Volcanic Arc 0.18 Ma
7 Rotorua Caldera Taupo Volcanic Zone 0.22 Ma
7 Maroa Caldera Taupo Volcanic Zone 0.23 Ma
7 Reporoa Caldera Taupo Volcanic Zone 0.23 Ma
6 Emmons Lake caldera Aleutian Range 0.233 Ma
8 Whakamaru Caldera Taupo Volcanic Zone 0.254 Ma Whakamaru Ignimbrite
6 Mount Aso Japan 0.27 Ma
7 Haroharo Caldera Taupo Volcanic Zone 0.28 Ma Matahina Ignimbrite
6 Uzon-Geyzernaya calderas Kamchatka Peninsula 0.28 Ma
6 Roccamonfina Caldera Campania, Italy 0.385 Ma
7 Diamante Caldera Andes, Southern Volcanic Zone 0.45 Ma
? Toba Caldera Sunda Arc 0.501 Ma Middle Toba Tuff
6 Galeras Andes, Northern Volcanic Zone 0.56 Ma
8 Yellowstone Caldera Yellowstone hotspot 0.64 Ma Lava Creek Tuff
7 Long Valley Caldera eastern California, USA 0.76 Ma Bishop Tuff
? Toba Caldera Sunda Arc 0.84 Ma Oldest Toba Tuff
7 Mangakino Caldera Taupo Volcanic Zone 0.97 Ma Rocky Hill Ignimbrite
7 Mangakino Caldera Taupo Volcanic Zone 1.01 Ma Unit E
7 Valles Caldera New Mexico, USA
(Raton hotspot)		 1.15 Ma Upper Bandelier eruption
? Toba Caldera Sunda Arc 1.2 Ma Haranggoal Dacite Tuff
7 Mangakino Caldera Taupo Volcanic Zone 1.23 Ma Ongatit Ignimbrite
7 Henry's Fork Caldera Yellowstone hotspot 1.3 Ma Mesa Falls Tuff
? Valles Caldera New Mexico, USA 1.47 Ma Lower Bandelier eruption
6 Cerro Guacha Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex 1.7 Ma Puripica Chico ignimbrite
? Source unknown Japan 1.75 Ma Ebisutoge-Fukuda tephras
7 Lake Atitlán Central America Volcanic Arc 1.8 Ma
8 Island Park Caldera Yellowstone hotspot 2.1 Ma Huckleberry Ridge Tuff
8 Cerro Galán Andes, Central Volcanic Zone 2.2 Ma Cerro Galán Ignimbrite
7 Pastos Grandes Caldera Andes, Central Volcanic Zone 2.9 Ma Pastos Grandes Ignimbrite
7 Cerro Guacha Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex 3.5 Ma Tara ignimbrite
8 Pacana Caldera Andes, Central Volcanic Zone 4 Ma Atana Ignimbrite
8 Heise volcanic field Yellowstone hotspot 4.45 Ma Kilgore Tuff
? Heise volcanic field Yellowstone hotspot 5.51 Ma Conant Creek Tuff
8 Cerro Guacha Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex 5.7 Ma Guacha ignimbrite
7 Cerro Panizos Andes, Central Volcanic Zone 6.1 Ma Panizos Ignimbrite
? Heise volcanic field Yellowstone hotspot 6.27 Ma Walcott Tuff
8 Heise volcanic field Yellowstone hotspot 6.62 Ma Blacktail Tuff
7 Black Mountain Caldera Southwest Nevada volcanic field 7 Ma Thirsty Canyon Tuff
7 Pastos Grandes Caldera Andes, Central Volcanic Zone 8.3 Ma Sifon Ignimbrite
? Twin Falls volcanic field Yellowstone hotspot 8.6 to 10 Ma
? Picabo volcanic field Yellowstone hotspot 10.09 and 10.21 Ma Arbon Valley Tuffs
8 Bruneau-Jarbidge caldera Yellowstone hotspot 10.0 to 12.5 Ma Ashfall Fossil Beds eruption
7 Timber Mountain caldera complex Southwest Nevada volcanic field 11.45 Ma Timber Mountain Tuff - Ammonia Tanks member
8 Timber Mountain caldera complex Southwest Nevada volcanic field 11.6 Ma Timber Mountain Tuff - Rainer Mesa member
8 Paintbrush Caldera Southwest Nevada volcanic field 12.7 Ma Paintbrush Tuff - Topopah Spring member
8 Paintbrush Caldera Southwest Nevada volcanic field 12.8 Ma Paintbrush Tuff - Tiva Canyon member
7 Silent Canyon caldera complex Southwest Nevada volcanic field 13 Ma Belted Range Tuff
7 Crater Flat Group Southwest Nevada volcanic field 13.25 Ma Crater Flat Tuff, Bullfrog member
? Owyhee-Humboldt volcanic field Yellowstone hotspot 12.8 to 13.9 Ma
6 Campi Flegrei Campanian volcanic arc 14.9 Ma Neapolitan Yellow Tuff
8 Source unknown Andes, Central Volcanic Zone 15 Ma Huaylillas Ignimbrite
7 McDermitt volcanic field, North Yellowstone hotspot 15 Ma Whitehorse Creek Tuff
? Lake Owyhee volcanic field Yellowstone hotspot? 15 to 15.5 Ma
7 McDermitt volcanic field, South Yellowstone hotspot 15.6 Ma Longridge Tuff member 2-3
7 McDermitt volcanic field, South Yellowstone hotspot 15.6 Ma Longridge Tuff member 5
7 McDermitt volcanic field, South Yellowstone hotspot 15.7 Ma Double H Tuff
7 McDermitt volcanic field, North Yellowstone hotspot 15.8 Ma Trout Creek Mountains Tuff
? McDermitt volcanic field, South Yellowstone hotspot 16 Ma Hoppin Peaks Tuff
7 McDermitt volcanic field, South Yellowstone hotspot 16.548 Ma Oregon Canyon Tuff
? Northwest Nevada volcanic field Yellowstone hotspot? 15.5 to 16.5 Ma
? Columbia River Basalt Group Yellowstone hotspot 17 Ma
? Source unknown Andes, Central Volcanic Zone 19 Ma Oxaya Ignimbrites
7 Mount Belknap Caldera Marysvale volcanic field 19 Ma Joe Lott member
7 Monroe Peak Caldera Marysvale volcanic field 23 Ma Osiris Tuff
8 La Garita Caldera San Juan volcanic field 27.8 Ma Fish Canyon Tuff
7 Bennett Lake Volcanic Complex Skukum Group 50 Ma

Further reading

  • Scott E. Bryan (2010). "The largest volcanic eruptions on Earth". Earth-Science Reviews. 102 (3–4): 207–229. Bibcode:2010ESRv..102..207B. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.07.001. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

References

  1. ^ "Undocumented volcano contributed to extremely cold decade from 1810-1819". Sciencedaily.com. 2009-12-07. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  2. ^ Space (2013-09-30). "Samalas in Indonesia Identified as Source of the 1257 A.D. 'Missing' Eruption". WIRED. Retrieved 2015-12-16.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_large_volcanic_eruptions&oldid=728598542"