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==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.remuseum.org.uk/rem_his_history.htm Royal Engineers Museum] - Royal Engineers History
*[http://www.remuseum.org.uk/rem_his_history.htm Royal Engineers Museum] - Royal Engineers History
* [http://www.deremilitari.org De Re Militari: The Society for Medieval Military History]


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 19:13, 8 February 2007

Part of a series on the
History of the British Isles
Overview
Prehistoric period
Classical period
Medieval period
Early modern period
Late modern period
Related

British military history is a long and varied topic, extending from the prehistoric and ancient historic period, through the Roman invasions of Julius Cæsar and Claudius and subsequent Roman occupation; warfare in the Mediaeval period, including the invasions of the Saxons and the Vikings in the Early Middle Ages, the Norman Conquest, and wars against France; through the Early Modern period, wars against Spain and France, and the English Civil War, and the beginnings of the colonial British Empire in India, the USA and Canada; and into the Modern period with the wars of Duke of Marlborough and against Napoleon, the Crimean War and into the 20th century with the Boer War, World War I and World War II, the Cold War the Korean War; and, most recently, Northern Ireland, the Falklands War and military operations in the Balkans and the Middle East.

List of British military encounters

Prehistoric and Classical period

Mediæval period

Early Modern period

19th Century

20th Century

21st century

List of Civil Wars

  1. Rebellion of 1088 - in England and Normandy
  2. The Anarchy (1135–1154) - in England
  3. Revolt of 1173-1174 - in England, Normandy, and Anjou
  4. First Barons' War (1215–1217) - in England
  5. Second Barons' War (1264–1267) - in England
  6. Welsh Uprising (1282) - in England and Wales
  7. Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) - in England and Wales; Richard III was the last English king to die in combat
  8. Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1651) - in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland
  9. Monmouth Rebellion (1685) - in England
  10. Jacobite Rebellions (1689-91; 1715-16; 1719; 1745-46) - in England, Scotland and Ireland

List of fortifications in Britain

Roman & ancient

Mediæval

1600s

Georgian & Victorian

World War II Stop Lines

List of British military institutions

See main article: British Armed Forces

List of British military alliances

Scottish military alliances

The Auld Alliance refers to a treaty of mutual defence concluded between France and Scotland in October 1295. It was renewed in 1326 in the Treaty of Corbeil and at several points thereafter. It provides for assistance if either of the parties to the treaty is attacked by a third nation. Though no third party nation is named, the treaty was most often invoked against England. In the early 1330s the French king Philip VI offered active military support to his ally during the Second War of Scottish Independence, amongst other things providing a refuge for the infant David II. In 1346 David, who had returned home in 1341, invaded England to take the pressure off the French, recently defeated at the Battle of Crécy, only to be defeated himself at the Battle of Neville's Cross. In 1421, at the Battle of Baugé, French and Scots forces defeated an English army, their first such reverse in open battle during the Hundred Years War. In 1429 Scots came to the aid of Joan of Arc in the relief of Orléans; many went on to form the Garde Écossaise, the bodyguard of the French monarchy. Many Scottish mercenaries chose to settle in France, although they continued to consider themselves "Scots". In 1513 Louis XII, under threat from Henry VIII, asked James IV to launch a diversionary attack on northern England. James complied, only to meet defeat and death at the Battle of Flodden. The alliance was finally ended by the 1560 Treaty of Edinburgh. By this time the Scots saw the Catholic French as a greater threat to their liberty than their fellow Protestants in England.

English military alliances

The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance between England (succeeded by the United Kingdom) and Portugal, signed in 1373, is the oldest alliance in the world which is still in force. Many times in history, this alliance has served England (and later Britain). This treaty largely influenced the British involvement in the Iberian Peninsular War. The last time that this treaty affected British history was during the 1982 Falklands War, when the facilities of the Azores were again offered to the British Royal Navy.

The War of the League of Cambrai (1508–16), sometimes known as the War of the Holy League and by several other names, was a major conflict in the Italian Wars. The Kingdom of England participated in the alliance of the Holy League against France (1511–13). The Kingdom Scotland briefly took part in the war as an ally of France.

The Triple Alliance of 1668 consisted of England, Sweden, and the Republic of the United Provinces (the Netherlands). It was formed to halt the expansion of Louis XIV's France in the War of Devolution.

The Grand Alliance (known, prior to 1689, as the League of Augsburg) was a European coalition, consisting (at various times) of Austria, Bavaria, Brandenburg, England, the Holy Roman Empire, the Republic of the United Provinces (the Netherlands), the Palatinate of the Rhine, Portugal, Saxony, Spain and Sweden. The league was named the 'Grand Alliance' after England had joined it. The primary reason for the League's creation was to defend the Palatinate from France. This organization fought the War of the Grand Alliance against France from 1688 to 1697.

British military alliances

The Triple Alliance was an agreement between United Kingdom, France and the Republic of the United Provinces (the Netherlands), against Spain.

The Triple Alliance of 1788 was an alliance between Great Britain, Prussia and the Republic of the United Provinces (the Netherlands) against France.

The Anglo-Japanese Alliance was signed in London on January 30, 1902 by Lord Lansdowne (British foreign secretary) and Hayashi Tadasu (Japanese minister in London). The alliance was renewed and extended twice, in 1905 and 1911 before its demise in 1921. It officially terminated on August 17, 1923. This alliance helped the British contain Russia and helped Britain's navy by providing coaling stations and repair facilities.

The Entente Cordiale (French for "friendly understanding") is a series of agreements signed on April 8, 1904, between the United Kingdom and France. It resolved differences concerning influence and control in various countries including Egypt, Morocco, Madagascar, Newfoundland, Siam (Thailand), West and Central Africa. The agreement also acknowledged the right of free passage through the Suez Canal. The year after its signing, Britain's sympathetic attitude toward France's position in Morocco helped to ward off a challenge from Germany to the status quo in the North African kingdom (the Tangier Crisis). The agreement also paved the way for the diplomatic and military cooperation that preceded World War I.

The Triple Entente was the alliance formed in 1907 between the United Kingdom, France and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente. France and Britain had already signed the Entente Cordiale in 1904, and France had signed the Franco-Russian Alliance in 1894.

See also

External links

References

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