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deleting unsourced speculation - there is no evidence that all manufactured Orlan UAVs have consecutive serial numbers.
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Over 50 UAVs were delivered for export in 2021 to Russia's allies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1366093|title = Russia's state arms exporter to offer kamikaze drones, heavy UAVs to foreign customers | publisher = Taß}}</ref> It has seen action in [[Russo-Ukrainian War |Ukraine]], [[Syrian civil war|Syria]], [[Libyan Civil War (2014–present)|Libya]] and [[Nagorno-Karabakh]].<ref>{{Cite web | publisher = Jane's |url= https://www.janes.com/article/88173/russian-uav-recovered-in-libya |title= Russian UAV recovered in Libya |access-date=2019-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503025048/https://www.janes.com/article/88173/russian-uav-recovered-in-libya |archive-date= 2019-05-03 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/world/1230533 |title=Russian peacekeepers use latest drones, video conferencing systems in Karabakh}}</ref> According to media reports, an updated variant of Orlan-10 tactical UAV was to enter service with the Russia's ground forces in 2020. The updated variant is expected to have a laser designator to allow it to pinpoint targets for precision-guided artillery and aircraft munitions.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia to bring new Orlan UAV variant into service next year |url= https://www.janes.com/article/91678/russia-to-bring-new-orlan-uav-variant-into-service-next-year |access-date= 4 October 2019 |publisher=Jane's 360 |date=3 October 2019}}</ref>
Over 50 UAVs were delivered for export in 2021 to Russia's allies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1366093|title = Russia's state arms exporter to offer kamikaze drones, heavy UAVs to foreign customers | publisher = Taß}}</ref> It has seen action in [[Russo-Ukrainian War |Ukraine]], [[Syrian civil war|Syria]], [[Libyan Civil War (2014–present)|Libya]] and [[Nagorno-Karabakh]].<ref>{{Cite web | publisher = Jane's |url= https://www.janes.com/article/88173/russian-uav-recovered-in-libya |title= Russian UAV recovered in Libya |access-date=2019-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503025048/https://www.janes.com/article/88173/russian-uav-recovered-in-libya |archive-date= 2019-05-03 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/world/1230533 |title=Russian peacekeepers use latest drones, video conferencing systems in Karabakh}}</ref> According to media reports, an updated variant of Orlan-10 tactical UAV was to enter service with the Russia's ground forces in 2020. The updated variant is expected to have a laser designator to allow it to pinpoint targets for precision-guided artillery and aircraft munitions.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia to bring new Orlan UAV variant into service next year |url= https://www.janes.com/article/91678/russia-to-bring-new-orlan-uav-variant-into-service-next-year |access-date= 4 October 2019 |publisher=Jane's 360 |date=3 October 2019}}</ref>


More than 1,000 Orlan-10s have been produced, with 11 different variations.<ref>{{cite news |date=2018-03-09 |title=Уникальная отечественная разработка: эксклюзивные кадры с испытаний "Орланов" под Петербургом |work=[[Zvezda (TV channel)]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2fmL167PA8 |url-status=live |access-date=2019-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321111005/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2fmL167PA8 |archive-date=2019-03-21 |via=You tube}}</ref> Downed Orlan-10 drones by Ukraine forces in the [[War in Donbass]] and Ukraine war show serial numbers ranging from 10212 to 12638 and 11512 to 12827<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/video_ukraine/status/1520438855060570112/photo/1| title=Another crashed russian Orlan-10.|date=30 April 2022}}</ref>, respectively. Thus actual production may be more than 2426 units. The serial number is prominently displayed at several places on drone.{{Citation needed |date=April 2022}}
More than 1,000 Orlan-10s have been produced, with 11 different variations.<ref>{{cite news |date=2018-03-09 |title=Уникальная отечественная разработка: эксклюзивные кадры с испытаний "Орланов" под Петербургом |work=[[Zvezda (TV channel)]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2fmL167PA8 |url-status=live |access-date=2019-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321111005/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2fmL167PA8 |archive-date=2019-03-21 |via=You tube}}</ref> Downed Orlan-10 drones by Ukraine forces in the [[War in Donbass]] and Ukraine war show serial numbers ranging from 10212 to 12638 and 11512 to 12827<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/video_ukraine/status/1520438855060570112/photo/1| title=Another crashed russian Orlan-10.|date=30 April 2022}}</ref>, respectively. The serial number is prominently displayed at several places on drone.{{Citation needed |date=April 2022}}


== Operational history ==
== Operational history ==

Revision as of 07:12, 7 May 2022

Orlan-10
An Orlan-10 on display
Role Reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle
National origin Russia
Manufacturer Special Technology Center (STC)
Introduction 2010
Status In service
Primary users Russian Ground Forces
Ministry of Emergency Situations (Russia)[1]
Tatmadaw[2]
Kazakhstan State Committee for National Security[3][4]
Armed Forces of Kazakhstan[5]
Number built >1000

The Orlan-10 (Russian: Орлан-10) is a reconnaissance, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed by the Special Technology Center (STC) in Saint Petersburg for the Russian Armed Forces.[6][7] The Orlan-10 features a composite hull that reduces its radar signature.[8]

The price per system, which includes multiple drones and a control unit, is reportedly between USD 87 000 to USD 120 000.[9] It is usually used in groups of two or three, in which the first is used for reconnaissance at a height of 1,000 to 1,500 metres (3,300 to 4,900 ft), the second for electronic warfare and the third as a transponder which transmits information to the control center.[9] One system can include up to five vehicles.[10]

Over 50 UAVs were delivered for export in 2021 to Russia's allies.[11] It has seen action in Ukraine, Syria, Libya and Nagorno-Karabakh.[12][13] According to media reports, an updated variant of Orlan-10 tactical UAV was to enter service with the Russia's ground forces in 2020. The updated variant is expected to have a laser designator to allow it to pinpoint targets for precision-guided artillery and aircraft munitions.[14]

More than 1,000 Orlan-10s have been produced, with 11 different variations.[15] Downed Orlan-10 drones by Ukraine forces in the War in Donbass and Ukraine war show serial numbers ranging from 10212 to 12638 and 11512 to 12827[16], respectively. The serial number is prominently displayed at several places on drone.[citation needed]

Operational history

Ukraine

Orlan-10 on the launch catapult

War in Donbass

The Orlan-10 is reportedly being used in the War in Donbas. In this conflict aerial reconnaissance by unmanned aerial vehicles is banned by the Minsk agreements.[9] Ukrainian officials have claimed to have had shot down or captured several UAVs of this type since 2014:

  • In May 2014 Ukrainian officials reported that they had shot down an Orlan-10 in Ukraine.[7][17]
  • In July 2014 Ukrainian forces shot down two UAVs of this type – No. 10212 near Zelenopillia[18] and No. 10237 near Amvrosiivka.[19]
  • In August 2014 another Orlan-10 (No. 10215) was shot down by the Ukrainian forces with Strela-10 SAM system.[20]
  • In April 2016 the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) published a video of the UAV (No. 10264) which it claimed to have shot down near Avdiivka.[21]
  • In November 2016 Ukrainian officials stated that they had retrieved an Orlan-10 (No. 10332) drifting on the Azov Sea near Mariupol.[22]
  • In September 2017 an Orlan-10 (No. 11057) fell down on Ukrainian territory and was captured by Ukrainian forces.[23]
  • On 28 December 2017 Ukrainian troops shot down another Orlan-10 near Toretsk.[9]
  • On 10 January 2018 Ukrainian troops shot down another Orlan-10.[24]
  • On 16 August 2018 an unidentified UAV, similar to the Orlan-10, was shot down by Ukrainian anti-aircraft fire over Pervomaisk.[25][26]
  • On 13 October 2018 an Orlan-10 was shot down by a Ukrainian Mi-24 helicopter using gunfire near Lysychansk.[27][28]
  • On 19 November 2018 an Orlan-10 UAV was shot down by Ukrainian air defense forces.[29] RB-341V Leer-3 electronic warfare systems, which can control up to three Orlan-10 drones, were also spotted in Ukraine by OSCE in 2018 and 2020.[30][31]

Invasion of Ukraine, 2022

UAV «Oral-10» is being used during Invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

An upgraded version of the Orlan-10 was reportedly used in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Several have been shot down in combat during the war,[32][33] including by an UK-supplied Martlet missile.[34]

Syria

The Orlan-10 is being actively used by the Russian Ground Forces in the Syrian Civil War for either reconnaissance, collecting aerial imagery or 3D-mapping in support of humanitarian convoys and S&R operations.[35]

In November 2015, an Orlan-10 located the surviving member of a downed Russian Su-24M2 bomber and facilitated his speedy recovery.[35]

On 10 March 2020, an Orlan-10 drone was shot down by Syrian rebels in Suluk, Raqqa Governorate.[36]

Belarus

In early February 2022, an Orlan-10 drone crashed near Brest.[37][38]

Romania

On 13 March 2022, an Orlan-10 was found on a field in Bistrița-Năsăud County, Romania. It was initially thought to be a drone owned by a private person in Romania, however it was soon identified as a Russian-made Orlan-10. The investigation is ongoing.[39][40] According to the Ukrainian Air Force, the drone belongs to the Russian army.[41]

Specifications

UAV Orlan-10 lands by parachute

Data from [citation needed]

General characteristics

  • Capacity: 6 kg (13 lb) payload
  • Max takeoff weight: 15 kg (33 lb)
  • Launch method: folding catapult platform
  • Landing method: parachute recovery
  • Max. wind speed at launch: 10 m/s
  • Operational temperature range: −30 to +40 °C
  • Powerplant: 1 × Saito Manufacturing FA-62B single-cylinder four-stroke gasoline piston engine, 0.71 kW (0.95 hp)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 245 km/h (152 mph, 132 kn)
  • Combat range: 1,400 km (870 mi, 760 nmi)
  • Ferry range: 600 km (370 mi, 320 nmi)
  • Endurance: 16 hours
  • Service ceiling: 5,000 m (16,000 ft)

Avionics

Orlan-10 system in use during the Slavic Brotherhood 2018 war games

References

  1. ^ {{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/UAWeapons/status/1520419984417169409
  2. ^ "First Export of Russian Orlan-E Drones Goes to Myanmar". Defense world.
  3. ^ "Kyrgyzstan to acquire Bayraktar TB2 UAVs from Turkey". Jane's.
  4. ^ "ЦАМТО / Киргизия заказала 6 БЛА «Орлан-10Е» и 3 «Байрактар TB2»". Arms trade.
  5. ^ "Russia delivers combat aircraft, missile systems to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan this year". Taß.
  6. ^ "Russia to produce its own unmanned vehicles". Unmanned. July 20, 2011. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  7. ^ a b Ostrovsky, Simon (30 May 2014). "Ukraine Says it Shot Down a Russian Spy Drone". Vice. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  8. ^ "Russia: Northeastern Forces operate Orlan-10 drones". Air recognition. Archived from the original on 2019-03-22. Retrieved 2019-05-18.
  9. ^ a b c d Ukrainian troops shoot down Russian drone in ATO zone, UNIAN (29 December 2017)
  10. ^ "ЦАМТО / Новости / В Приморском крае мотострелки ВВО получили завершающую партию комплексов БЛА "Орлан-10"". Arms trade.
  11. ^ "Russia's state arms exporter to offer kamikaze drones, heavy UAVs to foreign customers". Taß.
  12. ^ "Russian UAV recovered in Libya". Jane's. Archived from the original on 2019-05-03. Retrieved 2019-05-18.
  13. ^ "Russian peacekeepers use latest drones, video conferencing systems in Karabakh".
  14. ^ "Russia to bring new Orlan UAV variant into service next year". Jane's 360. 3 October 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  15. ^ "Уникальная отечественная разработка: эксклюзивные кадры с испытаний "Орланов" под Петербургом". Zvezda (TV channel). 2018-03-09. Archived from the original on 2019-03-21. Retrieved 2019-05-18 – via You tube.
  16. ^ "Another crashed russian Orlan-10". 30 April 2022.
  17. ^ "У зоні проведення АТО припинено несанкціонований політ російського безпілотника" (in Ukrainian). Security Service of Ukraine. 30 May 2017. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  18. ^ Seleznev, Vladislav (2014-07-13). "Post by SBU official regarding a shot down Orlan-10". Facebook (in Russian). Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  19. ^ "Під Амвросіївкою військові збили черговий російський безпілотник" (in Ukrainian). Espreso TV. 23 July 2017. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  20. ^ "(Official Facebook post)" (in Ukrainian). Press-centre of the Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO) of Ukraine. 2014-08-01. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  21. ^ "У районі Авдіївки збито безпілотник російських військових" (in Ukrainian). Security Service of Ukraine. 8 April 2017. Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  22. ^ Russian drone retrieved from Azov Sea near Mariupol coast (photos, video) Archived 2016-11-07 at the Wayback Machine, UNIAN (7 November 2016)
  23. ^ "Украина опубликовала фото упавшего "российского беспилотника"" (in Russian). Дождь. 17 September 2017. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  24. ^ Another Russian drone downed by Ukraine troops in Donbas, second since Christmas truce, UNIAN (12 January 2018)
  25. ^ "ООС: сводные данные – 17 августа 2018". mediarnbo.org. 17 August 2018. Archived from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  26. ^ "Засобами ППО Об'єднаних сил збито російський безпілотний літальний апарат". Операція об'єднаних сил / Joint Forces Operation (official channel) (in Ukrainian). 17 Aug 2018.
  27. ^ "Official Facebook post" (in Ukrainian). Press-centre of Joint Forces Operation of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 14 October 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
  28. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-12-09. Retrieved 2019-05-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  29. ^ "Ukraine's air defense unit shoots down Russian Orlan-10 drone in Donbas (Photo)". Archived from the original on 2019-04-28. Retrieved 2019-05-18.
  30. ^ OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (11 August 2018). "Latest from the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), based on information received as of 19:30, 10 August 2018". www.osce.org. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  31. ^ "Daily Report 60/2020". OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine. 12 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  32. ^ "The Russians increased the flight altitude of the Eagles to 5500–6500 meters – Commander of the 58th Brigade". Ukrainian Military Center. 2022-01-09. Archived from the original on 2022-03-05. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  33. ^ Joseph Trevithick (2022-03-05). "The Russian Air Force Just Had A Terrible Day Over Ukraine". The Drive. Archived from the original on 2022-03-05. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  34. ^ "First Russian drone destroyed by a new British Martlet missile in Ukraine". AreoTime. 11 April 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  35. ^ a b As of June 9th 2021 an Orlan 10 killed a prominent HTS member known as Abu Khalid al-Shami "Russian UAVs in Syria". bmpd.livejournal.com. 3 May 2017. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
  36. ^ "Opposition factions shot down a Russian reconnaissance plane in the countryside of Raqqa]" (in Arabic).
  37. ^ "The Insider: Przechwycony na Białorusi dron jest rosyjski, a nie ukraiński".
  38. ^ "Zwiadowczy dron rozbił się na poligonie przy".
  39. ^ "Reports of Russian drone landing in Romania". Ukrinform. 14 March 2022.
  40. ^ Cristiana Sabău (14 March 2022). "Cazul "drona căzută la Tărpiu" va fi cercetat de Parchetul de pe lângă Curtea de Apel Cluj". TimpOnline (in Romanian).
  41. ^ Cosmin Stăniloiu (15 March 2022). "Aviația ucraineană spune că drona căzută lângă Bistrița e a armatei ruse. O alta, care a survolat Polonia, e fost doborâtă". Libertatea (in Romanian).
  42. ^ Bill Bostock (11 April 2022). "Video shows Ukrainian soldier taking apart a Russian drone and discovering its components include a plastic bottle top for a fuel cap". Business Insider. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  43. ^ David Hambling (11 April 2022). "Russia's Deadly Artillery Drones Have A Strange Secret". Forbes. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  44. ^ a b "Unboxing" of Russian "Orlan" on YouTube
  45. ^ David Baker (12 April 2022). "Ukrainians discover Canon DSLR in camera array of dismantled Russian drone". DIY Photography. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
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