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The '''2019–20 North American winter''' was unusually warm for many parts of the United States; in many areas, neutral [[ENSO]] conditions controlled the weather patterns, resulting in the sixth-warmest winter on record,<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=NOAANCEIclimate |number=1235961898476036097 |title=Just in: Winter ranked 6th warmest on record for the contiguous USA, based on the average temperature observed from December 2019 thru February 2020. @NOAA #StateOfClimate|access-date=2020-03-15 }}</ref> and many areas in the Northeast saw one of the least snowiest winters in years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.accuweather.com/en/winter-weather/could-a-big-storm-end-this-winters-snow-drought-in-the-northeast/693375|title=Could a big storm end snow drought in the Northeast this winter?|access-date=2020-03-15|archive-date=2020-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306171154/https://www.accuweather.com/en/winter-weather/could-a-big-storm-end-this-winters-snow-drought-in-the-northeast/693375|url-status=dead}}</ref> In fact, [[Baltimore]] and [[Islip, New York]] saw no snow in February for the first time.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/us/no-snow-february-recorded-history-baltimore-islip-new-york-winter-weather No snow recorded in February in these 2 places for the first time in recorded history], Fox Weather, March 2, 2020</ref> Some notable events still occurred, such as a [[November 26 – December 3, 2019 North American blizzard|powerful blizzard]] that impacted the [[Western United States]] in late November, a series of cold shots in January and February, [[#Early February winter storm|a snowstorm within the Texas Panhandle]] and a [[#Mid-March blizzard|late-season blizzard in the High Plains]].
The '''2019–20 North American winter''' was unusually warm for many parts of the United States; in many areas, neutral [[ENSO]] conditions controlled the weather patterns, resulting in the sixth-warmest winter on record,<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=NOAANCEIclimate |number=1235961898476036097 |title=Just in: Winter ranked 6th warmest on record for the contiguous USA, based on the average temperature observed from December 2019 thru February 2020. @NOAA #StateOfClimate|access-date=2020-03-15 }}</ref> and many areas in the Northeast saw one of the least snowiest winters in years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.accuweather.com/en/winter-weather/could-a-big-storm-end-this-winters-snow-drought-in-the-northeast/693375|title=Could a big storm end snow drought in the Northeast this winter?|access-date=2020-03-15|archive-date=2020-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306171154/https://www.accuweather.com/en/winter-weather/could-a-big-storm-end-this-winters-snow-drought-in-the-northeast/693375|url-status=dead}}</ref> In fact, [[Baltimore]] and [[Islip, New York|Islip]] saw no snow in February for the first time.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/us/no-snow-february-recorded-history-baltimore-islip-new-york-winter-weather No snow recorded in February in these 2 places for the first time in recorded history], Fox Weather, March 2, 2020</ref> Some notable events still occurred, such as a [[November 26 – December 3, 2019 North American blizzard|powerful blizzard]] that impacted the [[Western United States]] in late November, a series of cold shots in January and February, [[#Early February winter storm|a snowstorm within the Texas Panhandle]] and a [[#Mid-March blizzard|late-season blizzard in the High Plains]].


While there is no well-agreed-upon date used to indicate the start of winter in the Northern Hemisphere, there are two definitions of winter which may be used. Based on the astronomical definition, winter begins at the [[winter solstice]], which in 2019 occurred on December&nbsp;21, and ends at the March equinox, which in 2020 occurred on March&nbsp;19.<ref name="USNO Seasons">{{cite web|title=Earth's Seasons: Equinoxes, Solstices, Perihelion, and Aphelion, 2000-2025 |url=http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/EarthSeasons.php |publisher=[[United States Naval Observatory]] |date=March 27, 2015 |access-date=August 15, 2015 |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |format=PHP |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831000837/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/EarthSeasons.php |archive-date=August 31, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref> Based on the meteorological definition, the first day of winter is December 1 and the last day February 29.<ref name="NOAA/NWS-Seasons">{{cite web|title=Meteorological vs. Astronomical Seasons|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/news/meteorological-versus-astronomical-summer%E2%80%94what%E2%80%99s-difference|publisher=NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information|date=June 21, 2013|access-date=July 3, 2015}}</ref> Both definitions involve a period of approximately three months, with some variability. Winter is often defined by meteorologists to be the three calendar months with the lowest average temperatures. Since both definitions span the [[calendar year]], it is possible to have a winter storm spanning two different years.
While there is no well-agreed-upon date used to indicate the start of winter in the Northern Hemisphere, there are two definitions of winter which may be used. Based on the astronomical definition, winter begins at the [[winter solstice]], which in 2019 occurred on December&nbsp;21, and ends at the March equinox, which in 2020 occurred on March&nbsp;19.<ref name="USNO Seasons">{{cite web|title=Earth's Seasons: Equinoxes, Solstices, Perihelion, and Aphelion, 2000-2025 |url=http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/EarthSeasons.php |publisher=[[United States Naval Observatory]] |date=March 27, 2015 |access-date=August 15, 2015 |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |format=PHP |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831000837/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/EarthSeasons.php |archive-date=August 31, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref> Based on the meteorological definition, the first day of winter is December 1 and the last day February 29.<ref name="NOAA/NWS-Seasons">{{cite web|title=Meteorological vs. Astronomical Seasons|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/news/meteorological-versus-astronomical-summer%E2%80%94what%E2%80%99s-difference|publisher=NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information|date=June 21, 2013|access-date=July 3, 2015}}</ref> Both definitions involve a period of approximately three months, with some variability. Winter is often defined by meteorologists to be the three calendar months with the lowest average temperatures. Since both definitions span the [[calendar year]], it is possible to have a winter storm spanning two different years.

Revision as of 17:12, 24 October 2022

2019–20 North American winter
Winter storms over the US and Canada on November 27, 2019
Seasonal boundaries
Meteorological winterDecember 1 – February 29
Astronomical winterDecember 21 – March 19
Most notable event
NameNovember 26 – December 3, 2019 North American blizzard
 • DurationNovember 26–December 3, 2019
Seasonal statistics
Maximum snowfall accumulation114 inches (290 cm) (Homewood, California)
Total fatalities21 total
Total damageUnknown
North American winters

The 2019–20 North American winter was unusually warm for many parts of the United States; in many areas, neutral ENSO conditions controlled the weather patterns, resulting in the sixth-warmest winter on record,[1] and many areas in the Northeast saw one of the least snowiest winters in years.[2] In fact, Baltimore and Islip saw no snow in February for the first time.[3] Some notable events still occurred, such as a powerful blizzard that impacted the Western United States in late November, a series of cold shots in January and February, a snowstorm within the Texas Panhandle and a late-season blizzard in the High Plains.

While there is no well-agreed-upon date used to indicate the start of winter in the Northern Hemisphere, there are two definitions of winter which may be used. Based on the astronomical definition, winter begins at the winter solstice, which in 2019 occurred on December 21, and ends at the March equinox, which in 2020 occurred on March 19.[4] Based on the meteorological definition, the first day of winter is December 1 and the last day February 29.[5] Both definitions involve a period of approximately three months, with some variability. Winter is often defined by meteorologists to be the three calendar months with the lowest average temperatures. Since both definitions span the calendar year, it is possible to have a winter storm spanning two different years.

Seasonal forecasts

Temperature outlook
Precipitation outlook

On October 17, 2019, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Prediction Center released its U.S. Winter Outlook. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation was in its neutral phase and was thus not expected to be a key predictor for the season. As a result, other oscillations such as the Madden–Julian Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation were anticipated to be more significant drivers of the seasonal weather, particularly in the form of large temperature and precipitation swings. From the outlook, the greatest likelihoods for above-normal temperatures were for Alaska and Hawaii, with lower but still above-normal odds of above-average temperatures for most of the lower 48 states. The exception was for the Northern Plains, Upper Mississippi Valley, and western Great Lakes regions, which were ascribed equal changes for above-, near-, or below-average temperatures. No area in the United States was favored to have below-average temperatures. In terms of precipitation, wetter-than-average conditions were most likely in Alaska, Hawaii, part of the Northern Plains, Upper Mississippi Valley, Great Lakes, and parts of the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern U.S. Drier-than-average conditions were favored for Louisiana and parts of Texas, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Oklahoma, as well as parts of central and northern California, with the rest of the U.S. having equal changes of above-, near-, or below-average precipitation. The drought outlook highlighted the presence of abnormally dry conditions across much of the Southern U.S, with improvement expected in part of the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic regions, Alaska, and Hawaii. Drought was expected to persist in central Texas and the Southwestern U.S, with further development anticipated in parts of central California.[6]

Events

Early November cold wave

Record breaking temperatures and snowfall caused disruption throughout the Midwestern United States in early November. Approximately 1000 flights were grounded at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport as 3.7 inches (9.4 cm) of snow fell on November 11, breaking the previous record of 1.9 inches (4.8 cm) on November 11, 1995.[7] On November 12, Chicago set records for a record cold low (7 °F (−14 °C)) and high (17 °F (−8 °C)). That was the coldest so early in the season.[8] In areas of Michigan's lower peninsula, over 2 feet (61 cm) of snow fell.[9] Parts of Texas saw feels like temperatures drop from 92 °F (33 °C) to 31 °F (−1 °C).[10] In Canada, Southern Ontario and Southern Quebec had their first major winter storm of the season on November 11 and 12 respectively, which was followed by record January-like cold.[11] 10–20 centimetres (3.9–7.9 in) of snow fell across much of the region crippling large cities such as Montreal and Toronto. In Montreal, local officials announced the city's earliest ever snow removal operation in the aftermath of the storm. Over 10 school boards province-wide closed the day after the storm.[12] Paducah, Kentucky saw their earliest in winter sub freezing high.[13] Lexington, Kentucky established a new record low of 12 °F (−11 °C). [14] In New York City, the air was considered cold even by January standards, as November 12 saw a record low temperature of 25 °F (−4 °C),[15] and November 13 also saw a record cold low of 23 °F (−5 °C), and a high of only 34 °F (1 °C). The high on November 13 was well below the average low of 42 °F (6 °C).[16] Pittsburgh, PA saw a new record low temperature of 12 °F (−11 °C), breaking the previous record from 1911 at 6:59 in the morning.[17] In Toronto, a record low on November 12 was established at −7.9 °C (17.8 °F), and on November 13, a new record low of −11.2 °C (11.8 °F) was established. This forced Toronto to give an extreme cold alert.[18] It got as cold as 17 °F (−8 °C) in Mississippi, causing sea smoke off the Gulf of Mexico.[19] This broke many records from the Great Blue Norther of November 11, 1911.[20] Some places, like Pensacola, which plunged to 30 °F (−1 °C), had a day colder then any day last winter.[21] At 7:45 am on November 13, 232 million people were in sub freezing conditions.[22] The cold wave also killed six people, and another winter storm related death occurred in Michigan.[23][19] Before this, it was unseasonably warm - in Great Falls, Montana, the high on November 9 was 60 °F (16 °C), but by noon on November 10, it dropped to 14 °F (−10 °C).[24] Due to the cold wave, several locations in Illinois, Indiana and Michigan see a record cold first half of November, with average highs hovering around freezing.[25]

Late November–early December blizzard

Main article: November 26 – December 3, 2019 North American blizzard

Moving ashore November 26–27 near the Oregon/California border as an over-achieving bomb cyclone, it produced wind gusts in excess of 100 mph near its point of landfall. The storm produced a record low pressure reading of 973.4 millibars in Crescent City, California. From November 27–30, the low merged with the subtropical jet as it tracked slowly eastward across the Rockies, plains & Midwest. The combination of cold air, moisture and high winds produced a wide swath of blizzard conditions from Colorado through western South Dakota, including the Denver Metro. In Rapid City, 14.5 inches of snow fell on the 30th, breaking the one-day snowfall record for November. In Duluth, where 21.7 inches of snow accumulated, it was the city's heaviest snowstorm in 10 years. As the first major winter storm of the season in the northeast, it dumped 22.6 inches of snow in Albany, where it was the heaviest snowfall since the 1993 Superstorm. Widespread totals in excess of 20 inches occurred in the Albany Metro, Southern New Hampshire & Northwestern Massachusetts with a regional peak of 36 inches of snow in New Ipswich, New Hampshire. The low finally moved out to sea December 3.[26]

Early January storm complex

Main article: January 2020 North American storm complex

A large complex of low pressure systems began developing January 9 over Central North America. A large trough dug into the jet stream over the Southwestern United States, providing arctic air that had been settled over Canada to move southwards and clash with warm, moist air moving northward from the Gulf of Mexico.[27] In the warm sector, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes broke out in the south central United States on the morning of January 10. Tornado warnings were issued for more than 1.7 million in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex, at 7:52 pm CST a PDS tornado warning was issued for Scranton, Arkansas and surrounding communities and more than 111,000 customers were left without power in Texas alone. Severe weather continued in the deep south into following day, with Alabama being affected particularly severely.[28] North of the boundary, a mix of heavy snow and freezing rain caused travel woes across the Midwest. Along the Great Lakes, winds were forecast to whip up 23 foot waves as lakeshore flooding had already begun in Chicago.[29] Central Michigan through Eastern Ontario received a swath of crippling ice accretion. Several January rainfall records fell in Southern Ontario, as event rainfall totals over 50 mm were widespread, which is highly unusual for that time of year.[30][31]

January–February cold waves

A major arctic outbreak affected western Canada and the Pacific Northwest from January 12–19. Extreme cold warnings were issued across all of Alberta, the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, most of BC, most of Saskatchewan and part of Manitoba during this period, as a cross-polar flow caused arctic air to settle in the region. Much of Central Alberta dipped below −40 °C (−40 °F), colder than it was in Siberia at the time.[32][33]

Following the storm that would go on to become the North Atlantic bomb cyclone, the Ohio River Valley area and parts of the Midwest suffered brutally cold temperatures on January 19.

On January 19, Southern New England experienced a flash freeze as a sleet storm impacted Central and Northern Massachusetts.[34]

On February 14, the Ohio River Valley region suffered brutally cold temperatures again this winter with temperatures plummeting to a low of −2 °F (−19 °C) at Chicago O'Hare Airport, regionally the coldest temperatures recorded in the 2019–2020 season. Considering the windchill factor, temperatures ranged from −10 °F (−23 °C) to −20 °F (−29 °C); dangerously cold for anyone outdoors. It was Chicago's coldest Valentine's Day in 77 years.[35] Temperatures in Minnesota were also record breaking; an overnight low of −35 °F (−37 °C) was reported at Preston. New Hampton, Iowa broke a near-century old record when they fell to −18 °F (−28 °C).[36] North of the International border, temperatures fell into the −20 °C (−4 °F) range as far south as Toronto, where several frostquakes occurred.[37]

Early February winter storm

Main article: Storm Ciara
Large storm complex over Eastern North America February 6

On February 4 and 5, snow fell in the deep south, primarily in Texas and Oklahoma, where several highways were closed.[38] Snow fell as far south as Austin, 14 inches of snow fell in Jayton, Texas, and thundersnow occurred in Big Spring. I-70 in central Missouri was temporarily shut down as road crews cleaned debris in the aftermath of a collision. Schools closed in portions of Texas, Oklahoma and Missouri. 9,000 were left without power in the Oklahoma city metro. The following day, severe thunderstorms produced flash flooding and tornadoes in the Southeastern United States. In Simpson County, Mississippi, a possible-tornado destroyed several mobile homes. A PDS tornado warning was issued for Charlotte, where those at the airport were relocated to the building's interior.[39][40] Severe thunderstorms and tornado warnings occurred as far North as Maryland and Delaware.[41] Winter weather advisories were issued from Tennessee to Maine, with warnings concentrated over North-central Pennsylvania, Western New York, Northern portions of Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine. With a precipitation shield of 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) the storm impacted 16 million across 6 provinces in Canada.[42] The storm was dubbed "Winter Storm Kade" by The Weather Channel.[43]

Mid February Southeast U.S snowstorm

A broad area of low pressure brought snow to parts of the Southeast beginning on February 19, when snow began to fall in the mountains of Tennessee. 4.2 inches (11 cm) and 4 inches (10 cm) of snow accumulated in Waynesville and Mount LeConte respectively. Similar but slightly lesser amounts occurred in surrounding areas of Eastern Tennessee and Western North Carolina. Another swath of snow occurred in Eastern North Carolina and Southeastern Virginia on February 20–21, ending a 400+ day snow-free streak in the region.[44] In preparation for the storm, most school boards closed or had delayed openings, hundreds of flights were cancelled and all of North Carolina was put under a Winter weather advisory.The Snowstorm was Named Winter Storm Nash by the weather channel.[45]

Mid-March blizzard

GOES 16 water vapor image of the Northern Rockies as the late season blizzard moves over.

An area of low pressure incoming from the Pacific drifted down the California coastline the week of March 16, bringing scattered thunderstorms with hail to Southern California.[46] Continuous flow of moisture into California's mountains produced extreme snowfall totals during an otherwise unimpressive winter there. 114 inches (290 cm) of snow fell at Homewood, 92 inches (230 cm) at Sierra-at-Tahoe and 77 inches (200 cm) at Kingvale, for example.[47] Several rounds of severe thunderstorms occurred in Texas during this time period with the Dallas Metro being especially hit hard. Following over 4 inches (10 cm) of rain, street flooding was reported.[48][49] The responsible low pressure area was observed to finally move ashore mid-day on the 18,[50] and the Colorado low began forming shortly afterward. In the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains, blizzard warnings were issued March 17 in anticipation of a very heavy snowfall to be accompanied by strong winds.[51] Snowfall totals in NWS Boulder's forecast region peak at 23 inches (58 cm), 4 miles (6.4 km) NE of Nederland.[52] Combined with winds gusting over 62 miles per hour (100 km/h),[53] widespread blizzard conditions occurred.[54] At Denver's airport over 1,000 flights or ~80% of air traffic that day, were cancelled.[55]

Early May cold wave

On May 9, 2020, the Eastern United States suffered record cold. Several areas of New England see accumulating snow, with Cambridge, Vermont seeing the peak of 12 inches (30 cm).[56] New York City ties 1977 for it’s latest trace of snow on record. Record lows were set as far south as Greenville, North Carolina, which dipped down to 34 °F (1 °C). Richmond, Virginia hit the freezing mark, and certain places in Virginia got down to 30 °F (−1 °C). Washington DC saw a record low high of 52 °F (11 °C).[57] Several record lows for the entire month of May were set, like Binghamton, New York (24 °F (−4 °C)), Fort Wayne, Indiana (23 °F (−5 °C)), Indianapolis (27 °F (−3 °C)), LaGuardia Airport (36 °F (2 °C)), and Jackson, Kentucky (30 °F (−1 °C)), and tied ones include State College, Pennsylvania (27 °F (−3 °C)), John F. Kennedy International Airport (34 °F (1 °C)), and London, Kentucky (28 °F (−2 °C)). Daily record lows persisted into May 12.[58] Nashville saw there coldest 35 °F (2 °C) date so late in the year, breaking the previous record from 1968 by 3 days.[59] Philadelphia saw a low of 35 °F (2 °C) and a wind chill of 23 °F (−5 °C). The high of 49 °F (9 °C) tied a record and is typical of early December.[60] Due to Alaska experiencing a major warmup, sending the cold air east, Fairbanks hit 80 °F (27 °C) before Philadelphia reached that mark for the first time in history.[61]

References

  1. ^ @NOAANCEIclimate (March 6, 2020). "Just in: Winter ranked 6th warmest on record for the contiguous USA, based on the average temperature observed from December 2019 thru February 2020. @NOAA #StateOfClimate" (Tweet). Retrieved 2020-03-15 – via Twitter.
  2. ^ "Could a big storm end snow drought in the Northeast this winter?". Archived from the original on 2020-03-06. Retrieved 2020-03-15.
  3. ^ No snow recorded in February in these 2 places for the first time in recorded history, Fox Weather, March 2, 2020
  4. ^ "Earth's Seasons: Equinoxes, Solstices, Perihelion, and Aphelion, 2000-2025". Washington, D.C.: United States Naval Observatory. March 27, 2015. Archived from the original (PHP) on August 31, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  5. ^ "Meteorological vs. Astronomical Seasons". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. June 21, 2013. Retrieved July 3, 2015.
  6. ^ "Winter Outlook: Warmer than average for many, wetter in the North: Drought improvement expected in the Southeast". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
  7. ^ "Nearly 1,000 flights canceled as record-breaking snow blankets Chicago". WGN9. Nextstar Broadcasting, inc. 11 November 2019.
  8. ^ Cold snap of historic proportions hits East Coast, over 300 records fall, Washington Post, November 13, 2019
  9. ^ US Department of Commerce. "November 11-12 Accumulating Snow, Lake Effect Snow, and Record-Breaking Cold". www.weather.gov. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  10. ^ "3 Facts about Extreme Temperature Drops and Climate Change". 19 November 2019.
  11. ^ Inc, Pelmorex Weather Networks. "After strong storm, traffic chaos, where to expect Tuesday's snow". theweathernetwork.com. Retrieved 2020-01-08. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  12. ^ Inc, Pelmorex Weather Networks. "Quebec digs out from its first major snowstorm of the season". theweathernetwork.com. Retrieved 2020-01-08. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  13. ^ Arctic Cold Surge Smashes Over 400 Mid-November Records in the Plains, Midwest, South and East, The Weather Channel, November 14, 2019
  14. ^ "November 1911 vs. November 2019 epic cold fronts". Lex18. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  15. ^ "[November 12] Record low temperatures were reached yesterday at 5 of our 6 climate sites. Record cold is here!". NWS New York. Twitter. November 13, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  16. ^ Fleming, Melissa (November 13, 2019). "Arctic Blast Brings Record Cold Temperatures to NYC". The Weather Gamut. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  17. ^ "Pittsburgh breaks record low as cold snap hits region". Triblive. November 13, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  18. ^ Extreme cold hits Toronto area, breaking another temperature record, CityNews, 13 November 2019
  19. ^ a b "It's not over yet: Arctic blast blamed in deaths as cold shatters records from Maine to Deep South". Fox5NY. November 13, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  20. ^ "Arctic Cold Surge Smashes Over 400 Mid-November Records in the Plains, Midwest, South and East". The Weather Channel. November 14, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  21. ^ "Sea smoke over the Gulf of Mexico as the very cold air moves over warmer water. It has been 663 days (Jan. 19th, 2018) since Pensacola has recorded a temperature this low as we sit at a chilly 30 degrees! #NWFL #flwx". Katlin Wright. Twitter. November 13, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  22. ^ This Arctic blast is shattering hundreds of records, CNN, November 13, 2019
  23. ^ The US is being hit by a frigid, early cold snap that has killed at least 6 people and could break 100 temperature records, Business Insider, November 13, 2019
  24. ^ Puckett, Karl (November 10, 2019). "'It's going to be incredibly cold tonight': Low temperature Monday to be 5 degrees". Great Falls Tribune. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  25. ^ Record cold start to November prompts thoughts of a white Thanksgiving, News Channel 3, November 18, 2019
  26. ^ "Cross-Country Winter Storm Brought Snow, Ice and Wind Thanksgiving Week Into Early December (RECAP)". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2020-01-08.
  27. ^ "Winter Storm Closes Schools, Airlines Prepare for Delays". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2020-01-11.
  28. ^ "LIVE: Storms leave behind trail of damage as severe weather outbreak advances east". Archived from the original on 2020-01-11. Retrieved 2020-01-11.
  29. ^ "Waves More Than 20 Feet High Could Hit Chicago Lakeshore as Winter Storm Pounds Plains, Upper Midwest". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2020-01-11.
  30. ^ Inc, Pelmorex Weather Networks. "Ontario: Largest temperature drop in almost two years, freezing rain ramps up". theweathernetwork.com. Retrieved 2020-01-11. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  31. ^ Inc, Pelmorex Weather Networks. "PHOTOS: Cleanup underway after record rainfall floods streets, ice topples trees". theweathernetwork.com. Retrieved 2020-01-12. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  32. ^ Inc, Pelmorex Weather Networks. "Prairies: Temperatures will be among lowest on Earth with intense deep freeze". theweathernetwork.com. Retrieved 2020-01-25. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  33. ^ "Canadian Prairies locked in icy grip of winter too cold for penguins".
  34. ^ Perry, Aaron (20 January 2019). "Flash Freeze Sets In Amid Winter Storm in New England". NBC10 Boston. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  35. ^ "Friday is Chicago's coldest Valentine's Day in 77 years". WGN-TV. 2020-02-14. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
  36. ^ "Deep freeze brings AccuWeather RealFeel Temps as low as minus 46 F".
  37. ^ Inc, Pelmorex Weather Networks. "Did you hear it? Frost quakes rumble through southern Ontario". theweathernetwork.com. Retrieved 2020-02-15. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  38. ^ "Snowfall blankets Texas, Oklahoma; Deep South to see storms". keyc.com. February 6, 2020. Retrieved 2020-02-05.
  39. ^ "'Particularly dangerous situation' tornado warnings prompted by severe storms marching across Southeast".
  40. ^ "Portion of Interstate 70 Shut Down in Missouri as Winter Storm Marches East". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2020-02-05.
  41. ^ @NWStornado (February 7, 2020). "NWS Tornado twitter" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  42. ^ Inc, Pelmorex Weather Networks. "Nearly HALF the population of Canada is riding out this big storm". theweathernetwork.com. Retrieved 2020-02-08. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  43. ^ "Winter Storm to Intensify With Heavy Snow, Some Ice In Northeast, But Will Leave New York, Philly, Washington All Wet". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
  44. ^ "North Carolina feels wintry blast as 437-day snow drought ends". Archived from the original on 2020-02-21. Retrieved 2020-02-21.
  45. ^ "Winter Storm Closes Schools, Cancels Flights in North Carolina, Virginia; Officials Warn of Hazardous Road Conditions". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2020-02-21.
  46. ^ Angeles, NWS Los [@NWSLosAngeles] (March 17, 2020). "Convective showers observed moving through LA County this afternoon. Have had reports of hail in some areas, including Woodland Hills. #SoCal #LArain #LAweather" (Tweet). Retrieved 2020-03-18 – via Twitter.
  47. ^ Boyer, Brittany [@Brittany_Boyer] (March 17, 2020). "Incredible snow totals coming in from the multi-day event in California. They definitely needed it after the lack of snow prior to this #cawx" (Tweet). Retrieved 2020-03-18 – via Twitter.
  48. ^ @StormOfCorn (March 18, 2020). "For the 2nd time in under 60 hours, flash flooding led to trouble in the Dallas area. Here are 5 locations that picked up at least 4" of rain with last night's event in North Texas. Most of these communities are in the Dallas-Fort Worth metro. More storms are expected. #txwx" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  49. ^ @BillWadell (March 18, 2020). "We're finding flooding and street closures in Dallas, Texas this morning after heavy rain overnight. More rain and storms are expected in North Texas over the next 48 hours" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  50. ^ @NWSSanDiego (March 18, 2020). "The visible satellite loop this morning shows the compact circulation of the upper low moving into northern Baja. #SanDIegoWX" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  51. ^ "Blizzard Warnings Issued in Wyoming and Nebraska as a Winter Storm Will Blast the Rockies, Plains". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  52. ^ @NWSBoulder (March 20, 2020). "Snowfall totals from 8"-18" in the mountains and foothills with local amounts over 20" in a few spots. Along the I-25 Corridor 5" to 10" around Denver with up to 12" over the Palmer Divide. #cowx" (Tweet). Retrieved 2020-03-20 – via Twitter.
  53. ^ @NWSBoulder (March 19, 2020). "List of peak wind reports: Akron airport checks in w/the strongest gust of 62 mph . Snow combined w/snow has created widespread blizzard conditions. Numerous locations across the northeast plains have been reporting whiteout or near whiteout conditions. #COwx" (Tweet). Retrieved 2020-03-20 – via Twitter.
  54. ^ @NWSBoulder (March 19, 2020). "Blizzard conditions exist over a large chunk of northeast Colorado (east of I-25 and over the Palmer Divide). More technical discussion attached in this tweet. #COwx" (Tweet). Retrieved 2020-03-20 – via Twitter.
  55. ^ "Winter Storm Takes Aim on the Plains, Upper Midwest with Snow and Gusty Winds". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2020-03-20.
  56. ^ 5/9/20 Evening Update: Absolutely crazy weather for May….snow-wind-cold….It will be better for Mother’s Day, News10ABC, May 9, 2020
  57. ^ Polar vortex unleashes rare May snow, shatters historic low temperature records, AccuWeather, May 9, 2020
  58. ^ Stinging Cold Smashes May Records in the Midwest, East and South, The Weather Channel, May 13, 2020
  59. ^ Hit 35° officially at BNA, snapping the May 9 record low: 37° (1960). This was Nashville’s coldest morning this late in the year since records started being kept in 1871. (Latest previous 35° was May 6, 1968)., NashSevereWx, Twitter, May 9, 2020
  60. ^ Saturday ties record for coldest May 9 in Philly; but, hey, it might hit 80 Sunday ... in Fairbanks, Philadelphia Inquirer, May 10, 2020
  61. ^ For first time, Fairbanks, Alaska, hits 80 before Philadelphia; but our turn may be coming, Philadelphia Inquirer, May 10, 2020

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Preceded by North American winters
2019–20 		Succeeded by
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