Adam in Islam: Difference between revisions
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==Aadam in Ahadeeth== |
==Aadam in Ahadeeth== |
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===Sahih Bukhari==\ |
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The early and extremely controversial Muslim commentator [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|Tabari]] adds a number of details to the [[Torah]], based on claimed [[hadith]] as well as specific Jewish traditions (so-called ''[[isra'iliyat]]''). Tabari records that when it came time to create Aadam, Allah sent [[Gabriel (archangel)|Gabriel]] (Arabic: Jibril), then [[Michael (archangel)|Michael]] (Arabic: Mika'il) for the clay from the earth; but the earth complained, saying ''I take refuge in Allah from you, if you have come to diminish or deform me'', so the angels returned empty-handed. Tabari goes on to state that Allah responded by sending the [[Death (personification)#Death (angels) in religion|Angel of Death]], who took clay from all regions, hence providing an explanation for the variety of appearances of the different races of mankind. |
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According to Tabari's account, after receiving the breath of Allah, Aadam remained a dry body for 40 days, then gradually came to life from the head downwards, sneezing when he had finished coming to life, saying "Praised be Allah (''al-hamd li-allah'')".<ref>{{cite journal | first=Leigh | last=Chipman | year=2001 | title=Mythic Aspects of the Process of Aadam's Creation in Judaism and Islam | journal=Studia Islamica | issue=93 | pages=5–25 | url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0585-5292%282001%290%3A93%3C5%3AMAOTPO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D | doi=10.2307/1596106 | volume=0}}</ref> Having been created, Aadam, the first man, is described as having been given dominion over all the lower creatures, which he proceeds to name. As one of the people to whom Allah is said to have spoken to directly, Aadam is seen as a [[Prophets of Islam|prophet in Islam]]. |
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===Other=== |
===Other=== |
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At this point, Aadam takes a prominent role in Islamic traditions concerning the fall of [[Satan]]. In these, when Allah announces his intention of creating Aadam, some of the angels express dismay, asking why He (Allah) would create a being that would do evil. Teaching Aadam ''the names'' reassures the angels as to Aadam's abilities, though commentators dispute which particular names were involved; various theories say they were the names of all things animate and inanimate, the names of the angels, the names of his own descendants, or the [[99 Names of Allah|names of Allah]]. |
At this point, Aadam takes a prominent role in Islamic traditions concerning the fall of [[Satan]]. In these, when Allah announces his intention of creating Aadam, some of the angels express dismay, asking why He (Allah) would create a being that would do evil. Teaching Aadam ''the names'' reassures the angels as to Aadam's abilities, though commentators dispute which particular names were involved; various theories say they were the names of all things animate and inanimate, the names of the angels, the names of his own descendants, or the [[99 Names of Allah|names of Allah]]. Others believe he was given the gift of speech to separate himself from all other animals. |
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In the Muslim tradition, Satan ([[Iblis]], Arabic for Satan), is regarded as a [[Genie|jinn]] and made out of fire, rather than an angel made out of light. This supports the Islamic notion of angels being creations that would not be accountable since they lack [[free will]]. When Allah commands the angels to bow to Aadam, Satan is also present and refuses due to his pride, and is summarily banished from the heavens. [[Liberal movements within Islam]] have viewed Allah's commanding the angels to bow before Aadam as an exaltation of humanity, and as a means of supporting [[human rights]]. |
In the Muslim tradition, Satan ([[Iblis]], Arabic for Satan), is regarded as a [[Genie|jinn]] and made out of fire, rather than an angel made out of light. This supports the Islamic notion of angels being creations that would not be accountable since they lack [[free will]]. When Allah commands the angels to bow to Aadam, Satan is also present and refuses due to his pride, and is summarily banished from the heavens. [[Liberal movements within Islam]] have viewed Allah's commanding the angels to bow before Aadam as an exaltation of humanity, and as a means of supporting [[human rights]]. |
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Al-Qummi records the opinion that [[Eden]] was not on earth but in heaven. After disobeying Allah, Allah sends Aadam and Eve to earth, arriving first at mountain peaks outside [[Mecca]]; Aadam on [[Safa]], and Eve on [[Marwa]]. In this account, Aadam remained weeping for 40 days, until he repented, at which point Allah rewarded him by sending down the [[Kaaba]], and teaching him the [[hajj]]. |
Al-Qummi records the opinion that [[Eden]] was not on earth but in heaven. After disobeying Allah, Allah sends Aadam and Eve to earth, arriving first at mountain peaks outside [[Mecca]]; Aadam on [[Safa]], and Eve on [[Marwa]]. In this account, Aadam remained weeping for 40 days, until he repented, at which point Allah rewarded him by sending down the [[Kaaba]], and teaching him the [[hajj]]. The Quran does not mention Adam's weeping but it does mention the Forgiveness he was granted. |
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The Qur'an also describes the two sons of Aadam (named Qabil and Habil in Islamic tradition, but not mentioned by name in the Qur'an) that correspond to [[Cain and Abel]]. |
The Qur'an also describes the two sons of Aadam (named Qabil and Habil in Islamic tradition, but not mentioned by name in the Qur'an) that correspond to [[Cain and Abel]]. |
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Revision as of 00:19, 26 September 2009
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Adam or Adem (Arabic آدم), also spelt Aadam, is the first prophet of Islam[1] and mentioned in the Qur'an as the husband of Eve (Hawwa).
Aadam in the Qur'an
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The story of Adam (Alayhis-salam) can be found in the Quran, Surah 2, Ayat 30-37 and Surah 7, Ayat 10-27.
Iblees
2:34
وَإِذۡ قُلۡنَا لِلۡمَلَـٰٓٮِٕكَةِ ٱسۡجُدُواْ لِأَدَمَ فَسَجَدُوٓاْ إِلَّآ إِبۡلِيسَ أَبَىٰ وَٱسۡتَكۡبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ ٱلۡكَـٰفِرِينَ (٣٤)
And (remember) when We said to the angels: "Prostrate yourselves before Aadam." And they prostrated except Iblis (Satan), he refused and was proud and was one of the disbelievers.
7:11 Walaqad khalaqnakum thumma sawwarnakum thumma qulna lilmalaikati osjudoo liaadama fasajadoo illa ibleesa lam yakun mina alssajideena
It is We Who created you and gave you shape; then We bade the angels bow down to Aadam, and they bowed down; not so Iblees; He refused to be of those who bow down.
15:31 Illa ibleesa aba an yakoona maAAa alssajideena
Not so Iblees: he refused to be among those who prostrated themselves.
15:32 Qala ya ibleesu ma laka alla takoona maAAa alssajideena
((Allah)) said: "O Iblees! what is your reason for not being among those who prostrated themselves?"
38:74 Illa ibleesa istakbara wakana mina alkafireena
Not so Iblees: he was haughty, and became one of those who reject Faith.
38:75 Qala ya ibleesu ma manaAAaka an tasjuda lima khalaqtu biyadayya astakbarta am kunta mina alAAaleena
((Allah)) said: "O Iblees! What prevents thee from prostrating thyself to one whom I have created with my hands? Art thou haughty? Or art thou one of the high (and mighty) ones?" [2]
Aadam in Ahadeeth
===Sahih Bukhari==\
Other
At this point, Aadam takes a prominent role in Islamic traditions concerning the fall of Satan. In these, when Allah announces his intention of creating Aadam, some of the angels express dismay, asking why He (Allah) would create a being that would do evil. Teaching Aadam the names reassures the angels as to Aadam's abilities, though commentators dispute which particular names were involved; various theories say they were the names of all things animate and inanimate, the names of the angels, the names of his own descendants, or the names of Allah. Others believe he was given the gift of speech to separate himself from all other animals.
In the Muslim tradition, Satan (Iblis, Arabic for Satan), is regarded as a jinn and made out of fire, rather than an angel made out of light. This supports the Islamic notion of angels being creations that would not be accountable since they lack free will. When Allah commands the angels to bow to Aadam, Satan is also present and refuses due to his pride, and is summarily banished from the heavens. Liberal movements within Islam have viewed Allah's commanding the angels to bow before Aadam as an exaltation of humanity, and as a means of supporting human rights.
Al-Qummi records the opinion that Eden was not on earth but in heaven. After disobeying Allah, Allah sends Aadam and Eve to earth, arriving first at mountain peaks outside Mecca; Aadam on Safa, and Eve on Marwa. In this account, Aadam remained weeping for 40 days, until he repented, at which point Allah rewarded him by sending down the Kaaba, and teaching him the hajj. The Quran does not mention Adam's weeping but it does mention the Forgiveness he was granted.
The Qur'an also describes the two sons of Aadam (named Qabil and Habil in Islamic tradition, but not mentioned by name in the Qur'an) that correspond to Cain and Abel.
See also