Lincoln Continental

Lincoln Continental
Overview
Manufacturer	Ford Motor Company
Production	1939–1948 1956–2002
Body and chassis
Class	Full-size luxury car (1939–1981) Mid-size luxury car (1982–2002)
Chronology
Successor	Lincoln Town Car (For full-size) Lincoln LS (For mid-size)

The Lincoln Continental was an automobile produced by the Lincoln division of Ford Motor Company from 1939 to 2002. Despite often sharing underpinnings with less-expensive Fords, the Continental was usually a distinctively styled, highly equipped luxury car.

The flagship Lincoln model during most of its run, the Continental name conveyed special cachet in the product line. It was largely replaced by the Lincoln LS.

1939

First generation
Overview
Production	1939-1948
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door sedan
Layout	FR layout

The first Lincoln Continental was developed as Edsel Ford's one-off personal vehicle, though it is believed he planned all along to put the model into production if successful. In 1938, he commissioned a custom design from the chief stylist, Eugene T. "Bob" Gregorie, ready for Edsel's March 1939 vacation. The design, allegedly sketched out in an hour by Gregorie working from the Lincoln Zephyr blueprints and making changes, was an elegant convertible with a long hood covering the Lincoln V12 and long front fenders, and a short trunk with what became the Continental series' trademark, the externally mounted covered spare tire.

The car could be considered a channeled and sectioned Zephyr that did not even have the bulge that in the Zephyr (and in some other cars) replaced the running-board at the bottom of the doors. This decrease in height meant that the height of the hood was much closer to that of the fenders. There was hardly any trim on it at all, making its lines superb. This car is often rated as one of the most beautiful in the world.

The custom car for the boss was duly produced on time, and Edsel had it delivered to Florida for his spring vacation. Interest from well-off friends was high, and Edsel sent a telegram back that he could sell a thousand of them. Lincoln craftsmen immediately began production on the Continental convertible, and even a rare few hardtop models. They were extensively hand-built; the two dozen 1939 models and 400 1940-built examples even had hand-hammered body panels, since dies for machine-pressing were not constructed until 1941.

After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Continental production was suspended, to be re-started in 1946-1948. Like the other post-war Lincolns, however, the Continental had similar bits of trim added to make it look improved. The 1939-1948 Continental is recognized as a "Full Classic" by the Classic Car Club of America, one of the last-built cars to be so recognized.

The 1939 Continental is commonly called a '1940 Continental'.

Continental Mark II

Second generation
Overview
Production	1956-1957
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door sedan
Layout	FR layout
Powertrain
Engine	Template:Auto CID Y-block V8

The Continental name was revived in 1955 as a separate Ford brand, with its sole model being the Continental Mark II. This version was a unique design with the highest quality control ever seen in the automobile industry. High-class luxury abound in the new Continental — and with very limited availability, it appeared even more exclusive than the original.

Continental for '56 was one of the most expensive cars in the world—with a cost of $10,000 at a time when a regular Ford could be had for less than $2000, it rivaled Rolls-Royce. But despite its astronomical price tag, Ford Motor Company actually lost money on each one sold. On a side note, Cadillac suffered a similar financial loss with its own Continental rival, the four-door Eldorado Brougham. Vehicles such as these were image builders for the two companies, as well as test beds for new ideas and concepts. The Continental Mark II was sold for just two model years, with about 3,000 total units built. Between the tales of dealers turning potential buyers away because they were not deemed to be the right kind of people to own Continental, and its sticker price found affordable by only the world's wealthiest, the Continental became almost mythical. Many celebrities drove them, including Frank Sinatra, Elvis Presley, the Shah of Iran, Nelson Rockefeller and Henry Kissinger among others.

1958–60 Mark III, IV, and V

1959 Lincoln Continental formal sedan

After the Mark II was discontinued, a new Mark III appeared for 1958. While Continental was still considered a separate make, the car was little more than that year's Lincoln. This differed from the lower-model full-size Lincolns only in trim level and in its roof treatment, featuring a reverse-angle power rear "breezeway" window that retracted down behind the back seat. Hand assembly was gone, but this allowed for much cheaper prices. That year's full-size Lincoln sold poorly in all models; 1958 was a recession year in the U.S. In spite of that, the Mark III recorded much better sales than the Mark II. The new Lincoln was one of the largest cars ever made, larger than that year's Cadillac, and had styling considered by many to be excessive even in that decade of styling excess. 1959's range contained a Continental Mark IV model, and the 1960 range had a Continental Mark V, with more restrained styling than the 1958. One feature of these cars was the "Auto Lube", that, as long as the owner kept the lube reservoir full, the car automatically lubed itself. However, the 1959 and 1960 Marks were strictly Lincolns as the Continental division was dropped.

1961–1969

Third generation
Overview
Production	1961-1969
Assembly	Wixom, Michigan, USA
Designer	Elwood Engel
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door convertible 4-door pillared hardtop sedan 2-door hardtop coupe
Layout	FR layout
Powertrain
Engine	Template:Auto CID MEL V8 Template:Auto CID 385-series V8 Template:Auto CID MEL V8
Dimensions
Wheelbase	Template:Auto in
Length	1961–65: Template:Auto in 1966–69: Template:Auto in
Width	1961–65: Template:Auto in 1966–69: Template:Auto in
Height	Template:Auto in

In 1961, the Continental was completely redesigned by Elwood Engel. For the first time, the names Lincoln and Continental would be paired on a car other than one in the Mark series. The design was originally intended to be the new 1961 Ford Thunderbird, but the concept was enlarged and slightly altered before being switched to the Lincoln line by Robert McNamara. One of the most striking features of the new Continental was its size. It was 2 ft (0.61 m) shorter than its predecessor. So much smaller was this car, that advertising executives at Ford photographed a woman parallel parking a sedan for a magazine spread. The new Continental's most recognized trademark, front opening rear doors, was a purely practical decision. The new Continental rode on a wheelbase of 123 in (3.1 m), and the doors were hinged from the rear to ease ingress and egress. When the Lincoln engineers were examining the back seats that styling had made up, the engineers kept hitting the rear doors with their feet. Hinging the doors from the rear solved the problem. The suicide doors were to become the best-known feature of 1960s Lincolns. To simplify production (in the beginning, anyway), all cars were to be four-door models, and only two body styles were offered, sedan or convertible. The 1961 model was the first car manufactured in the U.S. to be sold with a 24,000 mi (39,000 km) or 2-year bumper-to-bumper warranty. It was also the first postwar four-door convertible from a major U.S. manufacturer.

The 1961 Lincoln Continental was really Engel's design masterpiece, considered by many to be pinnacle of Lincoln style. Even the dashboard was his design. This may have been the last time a single individual was responsible for the complete design of a production car. The 1961 Lincoln's striking, understated elegance immediately won a major design award and was widely copied by other manufacturers — note the similarity of the 1963 Cadillac and the 1963 Buick Electra. It was a sales success, with 25,160 sold.

Continentals of this generation are favored by collectors, and have appeared in movies such as "The Matrix", "The Last Action Hero", "Kalifornia" and Inspector Gadget movies, the TV series "Pushing Daisies", and recently in the opening sequence of the TV series "Entourage". Ford produced several concept cars which recalled this design. In 2007, Lincoln's 2007 SUV line adopted massive chrome grilles in the style of these classic Continentals.

This slab-sided design ran from 1961-1969 with few changes from year to year. Lincoln dealers began to find that many people who bought 1961 and post-1961 models were keeping their cars longer. In 1962, a simpler front grille design with floating rectangles and a thin center bar was adopted. Sales climbed over 20% in 1962, to 31,061.

Due to customer requests, for 1963 the front seat was redesigned to provide a little more leg room to back seat passengers. The rear deck lid was also raised to provide more trunk space. The floating rectangles in the previous year's grille became a simple matrix of squares. The car's electrical system was updated this model year when Ford replaced the generator with an alternator. For 1963, another 31,233 were sold.

The car was stretched 3 in (76 mm) in 1964 to improve the ride and give more rear-seat legroom, while the roofline was squared off at the same time. The dash was also redesigned, doing away with the pod concept. Side glass was now flat to provide more interior room. The gas tank access door, which had been concealed at the rear of the car in the rear grille, was now placed on the driver's side rear quarter panel. The exterior "Continental" script was changed and the rear grille replaced by a simple horizontally elongated Continental star on the rear deck lid. Lincoln recorded 36,297 sales for the year.

The convex 1961-64 grille was replaced by a flatter, squared-off one for 1965. The car was given front disc brakes to improve stopping time. For the first time, parking lamps and front turn signals were integrated into the front quarter panels instead of the bumper. Taillights were fitted with a ribbed chrome grille on each side. With the facelift, sales improved about 10%, to 40,180 units.

1966 Lincoln Continental convertible

A two-door version was launched in 1966, the first two-door Lincoln since 1960, and the MEL engine was expanded from 430 to 462 cubic inches (7.0 to 7.6 L). The car was given all-new exterior sheet metal and a new interior. Parking lights and front turn signals went back into the front bumper, and taillights set in the rear bumper for the first time. The length was increased by 5 in (130 mm) to 220.9 in (5,610 mm), the width by 1 in (25 mm) to 79.7 in (2,020 mm), and the height by almost 1 in (25 mm) to 55.0 in (1,400 mm) (on the sedan). Curved side glass returned.

The convertible saw a few technical changes related to lowering and raising the top. Lincoln engineers separated the hydraulics for the top and rear deck lid (trunk) by adding a second pump and eliminating the hydraulic solenoids. A glass rear window replaced the previous years' plastic windows.

Prices were reduced almost US$600, without reducing equipment levels, in the hope of luring Cadillac buyers. It succeeded, helping boost sales to 54,755 that year, an increase of 36%, all of it due to the new 2-door; both four-door models' sales slipped slightly. Product breakdown for the year consisted of 65% sedans, 29% coupes, and just under 6% for the four-door convertible.

The 1967 Continental was almost identical to the 1966. The most obvious external difference is that the 1966 model has the Lincoln logo on each front fender, ahead of the front wheel. This does not appear on the 1967 model. It was also the end for the 4-door convertible, down to just 2,276 units, a drop of 28% over 1966. Total production was 45,667.

1968 brought some exterior changes. The parking lights, taillights, and front turn signals were once again in a wraparound design on the fenders, but looked very different from those of the 1965 model. The new 460 cu in (7.5 L) Ford 385 engine was to be available initially, but there were so many 462 cu in (7.57 L) Ford 385 engine engines still available, the 460 was phased in later that year. In April, the new Mark III made its debut, as a 1969 model. Total sales would be down to just 39,134.

1969 was the last production year with rear-opening "Continental doors", with few changes from 1968 but Federally mandated head restraints. Sales would hold steady, at 38,383 for the Continental, plus another 30,858 for the new Mark III.

Kennedy Limousine SS-100-X

For the Kennedy White House, the Secret Service purchased a convertible parade limousine custom built by Hess & Eisenhart of Cincinnati, Ohio from a 1961 Lincoln 4-door convertible. Code named the SS-100-X, it was in this car that JFK was assassinated in 1963. By that time, the front of the car had been updated with the grille/headlight/bumper assembly from the 1962 model. After the assassination, the limousine was returned to Hess & Eisenhart, where it was repaired and retrofitted with full armor and a fixed roof. It subsequently continued in service for the White House for many years. This world-famous car is now on display at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan.

Continental Mark III

The Lincoln Continental Mark III was introduced in early 1968 as a 1969 model. The name was chosen to establish continuity with the Mark II, as Henry Ford II did not consider the Mark III, IV, and V of 1958-1960 to be true Continentals.

Although it shared the Continental name with other Lincoln models, it was based on the Ford Thunderbird sedan platform, the first body-on-frame Lincoln since 1957. Equipped with first-ever for an American car standard radials and powered by a high 10.5:1 compression ratio 460-cubic-inch 365 bhp (272 kW) engine, the new Mark III was available only as a two-door coupe. It was built with few changes from 1968-1971.

1970–1979

Fourth Generation
Overview
Production	1970-1979
Assembly	Wixom, Michigan, USA
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door & 4-door full-size luxury car
Layout	FR layout
Powertrain
Engine	Template:Auto CID Cleveland V8 Template:Auto CID 385-series V8
Transmission	3-speed C6 automatic
Dimensions
Length	Template:Auto in
Curb weight	4,500–5,300 lb (2,000–2,400 kg)

1971 Lincoln Continental Hardtop

1977 Continental Town Car

The 1970 Continental continued the slab-sided design with blade-like fenders of the previous model, but the suicide doors were gone, as was unibody construction. Changes included headlamps hidden behind retractable flaps (a characteristic introduced on the Lincoln Continental Mark III), federally mandated bumpers in 1973, grille changes in 1971 and 1977, and progressive introduction of pollution controls. Nevertheless, from 1972 (when it began sharing its platform with the Thunderbird) to 1975, the Lincoln Continental Mark IV successfully fought over the title "King of the Hill" with the Cadillac Eldorado in the personal luxury car category. Standard luxury features gradually became optional over the decade, with the 460 cu in (7.5 L) engine becoming an option in 1978, replaced in 1979 by the 400-cubic-inch (6.6 L) small-block engine as standard. From 1975-1980, a Continental Town Coupé was available alongside the four-door Continental Town Car and the Continental Mark V. Town Coupé and Town Car were option packages for the Continental.

The car measured 233.4 in (5,930 mm) and weighed between 4500-5300 lb (ca. 2050–2400 kg) depending on the year. After General Motors downsized its big cars for 1977, the Lincolns were some of the largest cars on the market, surpassed only by Cadillac's Fleetwood 75 limousine. These Continentals were powered by Ford's 460  cid V8, which was the largest engine in any production car worldwide from 1977 to 1978. The United States Environmental Protection Agency rated the Lincolns at 10–12 mpg_‑US (24–20 L/100 km; 12–14 mpg_‑imp). The 1975 Lincoln Continentals, Town Cars, and Town Coupés received an "opera window" and in 1977 the Rolls-Royce-style grille of the Continental Mark IV / Continental Mark V appeared. The new grille was both higher and narrower than in previous years, but the position of the headlamps remained unchanged. Rear fender skirts were removed for the 1978 model year. In 1979 a "Collector's Series" option package was available, which added virtually every Lincoln feature with the exception of a moonroof, engine-block heater, and velour or leather upholstery. The Collector's Series package raised the price of a Town Car or Mark V to almost $22,000.00 US dollars, an astronomical sum for a domestic automobile in 1979. There were only four colors available: dark blue, white and limited-issue medium blue (197 build) and light silver (125 build) with a dark-blue vinyl top.

1980–1983

Fifth generation
Overview
Production	1980-1981
Assembly	Wixom, Michigan, USA
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door coupe 4-door sedan
Layout	FR layout
Platform	Ford Panther platform
Powertrain
Engine	Template:Auto CID Windsor V8 Template:Auto CID Windsor V8
Transmission	4-speed AOD automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	Sedan: Template:Auto in Coupe: Template:Auto in
Length	Template:Auto in

Lincoln Continental Mark VI sedan

By 1980, Ford could not continue to produce the old model. Although still selling at a healthy pace, the old Continental could no longer meet the fuel economy and emissions regulations. Ford downsized the Continental on to the Panther platform designed for the 1979 Ford LTD and Mercury Marquis. The 1980 Continental Mark VI, as compared to the Mark V, was 800 lb (360 kg) lighter and 20 in (510 mm) shorter in overall length, and was fitted with a standard 302-cubic-inch (4.9 L) V8. A 351-cubic-inch (5.8 L) engine was optional. Fuel efficiency was about a third better than the 1979 model. The line up was expanded, now with four models, on two different wheelbases, all under the Continental badge — including a body style new to the Continental name plate, the four-door Mark VI.

To differentiate, standard Continental sedans and coupes (both styles available in base and Town Car/Town Coupé editions) featured exposed quad rectangular headlamps and narrow vertical tail lamps with a full-width three-section reflector panel below the trunk lid. Sedans had tall, narrow opera windows, while the coupes had large, square opera windows. The upper-rung model, the Continental Mark VI, again featured oval opera windows — a Mark styling feature going back to 1972, four round headlamps behind vacuum-control doors, and angled tail lamps with the Continental spare-tire "bulge" on the deck lid. The Mark VI sedan (which appeared only for 1980–1983) was on the 117 in (3,000 mm) wheelbase, while the Mark VI coupe utilized the 114 in (2,900 mm) wheelbase which was shared directly with Ford LTD and Mercury Marquis. Mark VI coupes and sedans were available in standard, Signature, and designer editions. Bill Blass, Emilio Pucci, Cartier, and Givenchy all had their unique say on color and fabric choices for their designer models.

The new Continental carried over as many styling cues as possible from the previous cars, modified somewhat to match the new size. Lincoln management knew that keeping the family resemblance going was critical; sales depended on the car being instantly recognizable as a Lincoln.

In 1981, what was formerly known as the Continental sedan and coupe were replaced (in name only) by the Town Car and Town Coupé designation (a former option package name for Continental models). With the 1981 Town Car/Coupe now the entry-level Lincoln, the upper rung models (formerly referred to as Continental Town Car/Coupe in 1980) were replaced with the "Signature Series" designation. While the Town Car (available exclusively in 4-door form after 1982) enjoyed rising sales, the Mark VI model started to slide. Part of the sales slump for the Mark VI was the redundancy of the new-for-1982 Continental 4-door competing for sales against the Mark VI sedan in the same market. Mark VI coupe sales slowed while buyers awaited the Mark VII (based on a stretched Ford 'Fox' platform shared with the '82 Continental) for 1984.

1984–1987

Sixth generation
Overview
Production	1984-1987
Assembly	Wixom, Michigan, USA
Body and chassis
Body style	4-door sedan
Layout	FR layout
Platform	Ford Fox platform
Powertrain
Engine	2.4 L M21 turbo diesel I6 5.0 Windsor (4.9 L, 302 cu in) V8
Transmission	4-speed AOD automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	Template:Auto in

1984 saw the Continental name applied to a new, smaller Lincoln. Intended to compete with the Cadillac Seville (priced in 1984 at $23,433), the new Continental — priced at $21,302 — was given a Daimler-esque, bustle-backed body built on a modified Ford Fox platform. Unlike the Seville, which went to a front-wheel drive chassis for 1980, the '84 Continental remained rear-wheel drive. The standard powertrain was a 5.0 Windsor 4.9 L (4942 cc, 302 cu in) V8 backed by Ford's "AOD" automatic transmission. This combination put out 150 hp (110 kW) and 275 foot-pounds (373 newton-meters) of torque. Throughout the 1984–1987 run, models were available in base, Signature, and designer (Valentino and Givenchy) form. While the Mark VI was still available through 1983 in coupe and 4-door styles, the Continental for 1984 was strictly a sedan.

This car introduced two industry firsts: gas-charged shock absorbers and self-sealing tires.

Continental's exterior styling was modeled along the lines of rival Cadillac's Seville. Although the Continental was more sedate in style, it came along two years too late, as Seville had already established a sales force from its introduction in 1980. Continental's focus groups "discovered" — too far along the pre-production process — that Seville's bustle-back design was fast becoming past its prime. An 11-hour change was the addition of a horizontal brushed-chrome strip that ran along each side of Continental. This added trim, along with plentiful two-tone color combinations, somewhat disguised Continental's Seville-like design, and made the Lincoln appear slightly more conventional looking.

The standard engine for 1984 was a carbureted version of Ford's proven 302 cid V8, with a fuel-injected version arriving the next year, upgraded to sequential injection a few years later (and remaining through 1987). Also available for 1984 and 1985 was the rarely ordered BMW-Steyr 2.4 L turbodiesel six-cylinder engine.

1984-1987 Lincoln Continental

For 1984 (to keep in line with the new Mark VII), the $21,769 Continental got freshened styling with flush-fitting front and rear bumpers, revised tail lamps, a new header panel featuring an angled grille flanked by recessed quad headlamps and larger wrap-around marker lights incorporating cornering lamps, and satin-black trim on the doors and dashboard. Wood veneer appeared on the door panels and dashboard, although by 1986, the simulated wood was back. Continental continued through the 1987 model year with few changes, save for paint schemes and upholstery patterns. In what became Lincoln fashion since the early 70's, brand-name designer labels appeared on the upper-rung models. Cartier was the top Town Car model, American designer Bill Blass and Italian sportswear mogul Versace both chose schemes for Mark VII, while French designer Hubert de Givenchy and Italian-born Valentino gave their personal touches to the Continental.

The '84–'87 Continental was a 'spiritual successor' to the Lincoln Versailles intermediate of the 1970s. Like the earlier Versailles (which shared most of its sheet metal, drivetrain, and chassis with the Ford Granada and Mercury Monarch), this new Continental — serving as the brand's premium model — was based on a lower-rung Ford model using Ford's Fox platform. This new platform was originally introduced for the 1978 Ford Fairmont and Mercury Zephyr. Fairmont's 105.5 in (2,680 mm) wheelbase was stretched 3 in (76 mm) for the Continental. In a parallel, the '76 Seville shared GM's X-platform alongside the Chevrolet Nova, a compact vehicle that competed directly with Fairmont. But the '82–'87 Continental differed greatly than Versailles in that Continental wasn't a lesser car dressed with luxury add-ons. Instead, the 1984 Continental had a unique body and interior, both giving a feeling of luxury true to Lincoln's image. The Continental succeeded where Versailles had failed in the sales race.

1988–1994

Seventh Generation
Overview
Production	1988-1994
Assembly	Wixom, Michigan, USA
Body and chassis
Body style	4-door sedan
Layout	FF layout
Platform	Ford D186 platform
Related	Ford Taurus Mercury Sable
Powertrain
Engine	3.8 L Essex V6
Transmission	4-speed AXOD-E automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	Template:Auto in
Length	1988–1993: Template:Auto in 1994: Template:Auto in
Width	1988–1993: Template:Auto in 1992–94: Template:Auto in
Height	1988–1991: Template:Auto in 1992–94: Template:Auto in

The 1988 Continental introduced Lincoln buyers to V6 power, and it was the first Lincoln with a driver's side air bag restraint system. The new Continental was now based on an extended Ford Taurus / Mercury Sable platform. The 6-passenger interior (compared to 5-passenger last year) with glints of chrome and wood-tone accents appealed to fans of the prior year's model, while front wheel drive, a contemporary 'euro' exterior look, and new-found V6 economy would win over potential customers. Interior room was up from 1987, and the new Continental now boasted the largest interior of any front-wheel drive car (although the re-designed 1989 Cadillac Deville grabbed that title next year).

The longer 109 in (2,800 mm) wheelbase was a slight increase over last year's 108.5 in (2,760 mm). The better use of space allowed true 6-passenger capability — not seen since the 1981 model. Cargo capacity was up to 19 cubic feet (0.54 m³), compared to under 15' in least year's trunk. The power steering had been improved upon with the addition of variable-assist, which reacted differently depending on speed - more power assist at low speeds (for ease in parking), less assist at highway speeds (for better road feel). The 1988 Continental was four inches longer yet 170 pounds lighter than the 1987 and was set to compete against the front-wheel drive Cadillac Deville and Fleetwood, which had been downsized in 1985. From 1988, the designer editions were gone — only base (later named "Executive") and Signature models were available. The Continental was on Car and Driver magazine's Ten Best list for 1989.

While the root of Continental's platform was the Taurus, it had its own distinctive body and standard leather interior (velour was available as a no-cost option). The $26,078 price tag was $324 less than the 1987 base model. In comparison, a 1987 Givenchy edition was $28,902; $2,500 more than the standard '87 Continental. The 1988 Signature Series, which served as the designer model replacement, was $1,866 over the base model.

Pricing for 1989 — with a new dashboard design featuring dual airbags — climbed to $28,032 (base), and $29,910 (Signature). The 1990 Continental, with a re-designed grille, hood ornament, and tail lamps, was $29,258 (base), and $31,181 (Signature). By 1992 the base "Executive" model was priced at $32,263, and the Signature model was $34,253. The 1993 models arrived with 'remote' keyless entry (standard on Signature, available on Executive), and prices rose slightly to $33,328 (Executive) and $35,319 (Signature). Throughout its '88-'94 run, the option list remained very small. Options included a compact disc player, InstaClear heated windshield (1988-1990 model years), JBL sound system, anti-theft alarm system, and a 3-position memory seat.

A 1993 attempt to compete with the imports was the available "individual seats" group (available only on Signature in '93, and only on Executive in '94), which ditched the usual chrome column shifter and 50/50 "comfort lounge" split bench seating (and 6-passenger capacity) for a center console with floor shifter (a Continental first), storage armrest, and a single cup holder. The $556 option proved un-popular with '93 Continental buyers. At this point in time, the average owner was not the youthful buyer Lincoln was so desperately seeking, but rather, someone who would have otherwise bought a Town Car, but for regional purposes (living in a snow-belt area, for example), chose the benefits of Continental's front-wheel drive.

1994 Lincoln Continental

In 1994, one last try at moving Continental was a mild revamp, including a redesigned front bumper and grille, body-color side skirts (in place of the previous wide chrome strip underneath the doors), and revised tail lamps, decklid-lock cover and trim, and a rear bumper with aerodynamic spats. A new font appeared for the "Lincoln" nameplate on the front grille and rear tail lamps (moved off the decklid from last year). Inside, a new steering wheel design — borrowed from the Mark VIII — was included with the bucket seat option. Also new to the option list for '94 was a unique trunk storage system with adjustable partitions. This available feature was carried over to the next generation Continental as well.

For the first time since the discontinuation of the V12 engine, no V8 was available on the Continental. The sole engine choice from 1988-1994 was a 3.8 L Essex V6. Horsepower grew from 140 in 1988, to 155 in 1991, and then to 160. Today, due to trouble-prone air suspension systems and powertrain issues, these cars haven't held their value, making them relatively inexpensive to buy used.

1995–1997

Eighth generation
Overview
Production	1995-1997
Assembly	Wixom, Michigan, USA
Body and chassis
Body style	4-door sedan
Layout	FF layout
Platform	Ford D186 platform
Related	Ford Taurus Mercury Sable
Powertrain
Engine	4.6 L Modular V8, 260 hp (190 kW) Template:Auto ft.lbf
Transmission	4-speed AX4N automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	Template:Auto in
Length	Template:Auto in
Width	Template:Auto in
Height	Template:Auto in

The Continental was substantially updated in the mid-1990s, with more rounded lines. The 1995 model had a complete overhaul on the interior and exterior. Power now came from the Modular 32v DOHC 4.6 V8 derived from Ford's Mustang Cobra. It produced 260 hp (190 kW) and 260 ft-lbs of torque. 0-60 was a stout 8 seconds. Inside, the Continental featured a plush leather interior with many amenities and advanced electronics for the time. The 1995-1996 Continentals had air ride suspension on both the front and rear while the 1997 model had rear air suspension and traditional steel coil springs up front. There was only one trim offered, called Base. Few options were available, such as a 6-CD changer or a power moonroof, as Lincoln wanted to offer all the equipment and features as standard. 1997 was the last year before it was updated again.

1998–2002

Ninth generation
Overview
Production	1998-2002
Assembly	Wixom, Michigan, USA
Body and chassis
Body style	4-door sedan
Layout	FF layout
Platform	Ford D186 platform
Related	Ford Taurus Ford Windstar Mercury Sable
Powertrain
Engine	4.6 L Modular DOHC V8, 275 hp (205 kW) Template:Auto ft.lbf
Transmission	4-speed AX4N automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	Template:Auto in
Length	Template:Auto in
Width	Template:Auto in
Height	Template:Auto in

The Continental was updated again in 1998 with a mildly freshened exterior. The front-end held a strong family resemblance to the newly redesigned '98 Town Car. Also new for 1998 was a dashboard redesign, though still keeping the reflective dash cluster. A good deal of money was spent on these changes, and sales were up from the '97 model. In 1999, it was too soon to change anything outside, so Continental gained seat-mounted side airbags and even more power (now up to 275 hp (205 kW).

For 1999, the Continental held an MSRP of $38,325 — the same price as its rear-wheel drive sister, the '99 Town Car. Six-passenger capability was still available via the no-charge option of a split-bench front seat and column shifter. Also available on the '99 Continental was the $2,345 "RESCU package" (Remote Emergency Satellite Cellular Unit) which included Global satellite positioning (similar to GM's "OnStar"), 3-channel HomeLink compatible garage door opener mounted in the driver's sun visor ($120 if ordered separately), voice-activated cellular telephone ($790 if ordered separately), and the Alpine Audio System (which included a digital sound processor, subwoofer amplifier, and additional speakers — $565 if ordered separately). One could also opt for the $595 6-disc CD changer, heated front seats for $290, and $1,515 for a tinted glass power sunroof with sliding shade. New for '99 was an extra-cost "Luxury Appearance Package" for $1,095 that included a wood-trimmed steering wheel and shift knob with unique two-tone seat trim and floor mats inside, and chrome alloy wheels (the chrome wheels were available separately for $845) and a special grille up front. The "Driver Select System" added $595 to the sticker price, and included a semi-active suspension, selectable ride control, steering wheel-mounted controls for the audio and climate systems, automatic day/night outside mirrors, and the Memory Profile System that recalled power steering assist and ride control settings for two drivers. The $1,100 "Personal Security Package" included special run-flat tires mounted on polished alloy wheels (the alloy wheels were available separately for $350) and the universal garage door opener (also available separately for $120).

After a few slow-selling years, the 2002 Continental was discontinued. The cancellation was due largely to the continued shift in the consumer marketplace away from large front-wheel drive luxury cars. With advancements over recent years in traction control, anti-lock braking systems, and skid control devices, front-wheel drive was no longer deemed a necessity in inclement weather areas. The Continental, and to an extent the Lincoln Mark VIII coupe, were essentially replaced in the Lincoln lineup by the mid-size Lincoln LS V8 & V6 sedans, which were introduced in the 2000 model year. Even though the Continental was a large front wheel drive sedan, and the Mark VIII was a rear wheel drive coupe, the rear wheel drive LS acted as a replacement for each, by acting both as a personal luxury vehicle, and as a contemporary sedan. Nevertheless, buyers looking for a full-sized luxury sedan in the Continental class tended to "move up" and purchase the larger rear wheel drive Town Car, while those looking for a personal luxury-sporty sedan in the Mark VIII class purchased the LS.

All Continentals built after 1958 were assembled at Ford's Wixom Assembly Plant. The last Lincoln Continental rolled off the assembly line on July 26, 2002. The Wixom plant continued to manufacture the Town Car and LS, the limited production Ford Thunderbird convertible, as well as Ford's niche sports car, the Ford GT.

Replacements

Lincoln upgraded the LS in 2005–2006 to attract more of the mid-size luxury market in the Continental class. The LS was cancelled in April 2006 due to slowing sales, following the release of the mid-size 2006 Lincoln Zephyr, and its upgraded replacement, the 2007 Lincoln MKZ. A larger, more luxurious Lincoln flagship sedan, the Lincoln MKS, has been launched in mid-2008 for the 2009 model year. Based on the same platform as the renamed Ford Taurus, it would be a proper replacement for the Lincoln Continental class vehicle.

A concept vehicle was created in 2002, complete with suicide doors and a 5.9 L (5935 cc/362.2 cu in) V12 engine producing 414 bhp (309 kW) at 6000 rpm and 413 ft·lbf (560 Nm) of torque at 5270 rpm.

External links

• Lincoln & Continental Club Europa LCCE
• Lincoln Continental in television and film