Dario Argento

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Dario Argento.

Dario Argento (born 7 September, 1940 in Rome) is an Italian film director, producer and screenwriter well known for his work in the typically Italian giallo genre, and for his influence on modern horror and slasher movies. He is the father of actress Asia Argento.

Early career

Argento was the son of film producer Salvatore Argento and Brazilian fashion model Elda Luxardo. He started his career in film as a critic, writing for various magazines while still attending high school. He did not attend college, electing rather to take a job as a columnist at the newspaper Paese Sera.

While working at the newspaper, Argento started screenwriting. His most notable work was for Sergio Leone, collaborating with Bernardo Bertolucci on the story for the spaghetti western classic Once Upon a Time in the West. Soon after its release in 1969, Argento wrote and directed his first movie, The Bird with the Crystal Plumage, which was released in 1970 and was a major hit in Italy.

His directing style was influenced by Mario Bava, Riccardo Freda, Sergio Leone, Alfred Hitchcock, Michelangelo Antonioni, and Federico Fellini.

Giallo years

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Poster for L'uccello dalle piume di cristallo.

Early in his directing career, he continued to concentrate largely on the giallo genre (more precisely known as "thrilling" in Italy, as the word "giallo" usually refers to generic mystery works). The films, like the lurid yellow-covered murder-mystery novels they were inspired by, followed the suspense tradition of hardboiled American detective fiction while incorporating baroque scenes of violence and excess. While Mario Bava is credited with inventing the giallo film, Argento's passion in developing the genre has earned him widespread recognition as the key influence in popularising giallo cinema outside of Italy, and his unique vision has earned him acclaim as an 'auteur' director.

Argento directed two further successful thrillers, The Cat o' Nine Tails (1971) and Four Flies on Grey Velvet (1972). Alongside The Bird with the Crystal Plumage, these initial three films are frequently referred to as Argento's "animal trilogy". The director then turned his attention away from giallo movies, filming two Italian TV dramas and a period comedy (Five Days in Milan) in 1973 before returning to thrillers with 1975's Deep Red, frequently cited by many critics as the best giallo ever made. The film made Argento famous internationally, and inspired a number of other directors to work in the genre (John Carpenter has frequently referred to the influence Argento's early work had on Halloween). It also marked the start of Argento's long creative relationship with composer Claudio Simonetti and his Italian progressive rock group Goblin.

Supernatural years

Argento's next movie, Suspiria (1977), an extremely violent supernatural thriller, is considered by many fans to be his best work, alongside Deep Red. Freed from the constraints of the more conventional giallo format, Suspiria is a semi-surreal work of art, where plot and character become secondary to sound and vision. Argento planned for Suspiria to be the first of a trilogy about "The Three Mothers", three ancient witches residing in three different modern cities. The second movie of the trilogy was 1980's Inferno, which went even further towards pure art.

However, so far he has not completed the trilogy. In an interview at the 2003 Trieste Film Festival, Argento reportedly said that he was working on the third movie of the trilogy, to start filming in August 2004. However, subsequent reports indicated that financing problems prevented the film's production from proceeding.

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Poster for Suspiria.

In-between the two "mothers", in 1978 Argento collaborated with George Romero on Dawn of the Dead, earning a producer credit on the zombie classic. Argento oversaw a variant Italian edition of Dawn of the Dead, cut and structured somewhat differently with more Goblin music overlayed throughout.

After Inferno, Argento returned to more conventional giallo with Tenebrae (1982). Then attempted to combine giallo and supernatural fantasy together in Phenomena, also known as Creepers (1985), which was one of Jennifer Connelly's first movies. Phenomena also showed Argento's predilection for using new technology, with its many prowling Steadicam shots. Both of these movies received a lukewarm reception upon release (although each has been re-appraised retrospectively).

Argento subsequently took a break from directing to write two screenplays for Mario Bava's son Lamberto Bava, Demoni (1985) and Demoni 2 (1986).

Later years

Opera followed in 1987, and was, according to Argento, a "very unpleasant experience". Set in Parma's Regio Theatre during a production of Verdi's Macbeth, the movie was beset in real life by misfortunes that Argento suspected were caused by the traditional "curse" on Macbeth. Argento's father died during the production, lead actress Vanessa Redgrave dropped out of the project before filming began, he had problems working with his former long-time girlfriend and collaborator Daria Nicolodi on-set, and the cast and crew were plagued by minor accidents and mishaps. The movie was again not particularly well received by fans or critics, despite showcasing Argento's skill with color and composition, and featuring some technically impressive camera movements (the ravens' descent in the Parma opera house is considered to be one of the director's most famous set pieces).

It is widely accepted that his 1990s career and onwards has failed to live up to his golden period between Deep Red and Opera. Despite a disappointing collaboration with George A. Romero on an Edgar Allan Poe anthology entitled Two Evil Eyes (1990), an unsuccessful stab at a mainstream Hollywood production (Trauma of 1993) and a disastrous version of Phantom of the Opera (1998) which lost him many fans, he continued to innovate: for example, his 1996 The Stendhal Syndrome, in which a policewoman (played by Argento's daughter, Asia) who suffers from a dramatized version of the illness is trapped by a serial killer in an abandoned warehouse, was the first Italian film to use computer-generated imagery (CGI). Furthermore, the opening of The Stendhal Syndrome was shot in Florence, at Italy's famed Uffizi Gallery, Argento being the only director ever granted permission to shoot there.

Many saw 2001's Sleepless, deliberately designed as a "comeback movie" with its strong giallo theme and numerous references to his earlier work, as a step back in the right direction. However, Argento's follow-up, 2004's The Card Player, a giallo about a killer whose murders are conducted during Internet poker matches with the Rome police, earned a mixed reception: fans appreciated the techno music score composed by ex-Goblin member Claudio Simonetti, but felt the film was too mainstream, with little of Argento's usual flourish.

2005 saw the TV broadcast of Argento's Do You Like Hitchcock?, in which the Italian horror-meister paid homage to Alfred Hitchcock after decades of being compared to him by critics.

Later that year, he directed a segment of Masters of Horror, a Showtime television series. The story, "Jenifer", based on an old Eerie comics tale by Bruce Jones, was a departure for Argento, but provided him with some of his best critical notices in several years.

Critical reception

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Poster for Tenebrae.

Argento's works always include a profusion of allusions (both obscure and obvious) to other films, literature ranging from the Greek classics to current popular novels, politics, film/literary theory, as well as his own films. This dense network of allusions, combined with his notorious negligence of plot, his bizarrely detailed mise-en-scenes, his obsession with gore-filled death scenes, and his unpredictable and roaming camera angles, has proven particularly resistant to critical interpretation.

Little serious academic work on Argento has been published; until recently, the two most notable publications on Argento were Maitland McDonagh's critically acclaimed auteur study, Broken Mirrors/Broken Minds: The Dark Dreams of Dario Argento, and, to a lesser extent, a collection of promotional stills, poster art and somewhat facile critical essays, edited by Chris Gallant, entitled Art of Darkness. British journalist Alan Jones recently published Profondo Argento, a useful compendium of set reports, interviews and biographical detail manages to further illuminate the personality behind Argento's movies.

While critical work on Argento is unfortunately limited (and often out of print), the director has acquired a cult fan base in Italy and the rest of the world; film reviews and interviews are regular subjects of interest in fanzines and internet discussion groups.

One significant factor in Argento's lack of recognition in the United States is the generic boundaries which do not recognize the "giallo" form: his films are often marketed as "slasher trash" or simply "horror", only occasionally making the art house or college cinema circuits.

Trivia

• He owns a horror memorabilia store located at Via dei Gracchi 260 in Rome named Profondo Rosso, after his classic giallo movie. In the cellar is a collection from his movies. The store is managed by his long time collaborator and friend Luigi Cozzi.
• One of Argento's later films, The Stendhal Syndrome, is distributed in the USA by cult B-movie distribution company Troma Entertainment.

Filmography

• The Bird with the Crystal Plumage (L'Uccello dalle piume di cristallo, 1970)
• The Cat o' Nine Tails (Il gatto a nove code, 1971)
• Four Flies on Grey Velvet (4 mosche di velluto grigio, 1971)
• The Five Days (Le cinque giornate, 1973)
• Deep Red (Profondo rosso, 1975)
• Suspiria (1977)
• Inferno 1980)
• Tenebrae (1982)
• Phenomena (1985)
• Terror at the Opera (Opera, 1987)
• Trauma (1993)
• Stendhal's Syndrome (La Sindrome di Stendhal, 1996)
• The Phantom of the Opera (Il fantasma dell'opera, 1998)
• Sleepless (Non ho sonno, 2001)
• The Card Player (Il cartaio, 2004)

External links

• Dark Dreams: the films of Dario Argento
• Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database
• Essay on Argento by Glenn Belverio on A Shaded View on Fashion
• Dario Argento on the Internet Movie Database
• ToxicUniverse.com article by Mike Bracken