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Move around and edit 'resources' according to whether or not they were written by Masanobu Fukuoka –Selective Corpus, especially journals which contained news by others–; And according to their quality, correctness and reliability as a source.
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==Life==
==Life==
[[File:Iyo-home.jpg|thumb|Iyo, Ehime. Place of Fukuoka's family home seen middle right.]]
[[File:Iyo-home.jpg|thumb|Iyo, Ehime. Place of Fukuoka's family home seen middle right.]]
Fukuoka was born on 2 February 1913 in [[Iyo, Ehime]], [[Japan]], the second son of an educated and wealthy land owner, a local leader called Kameichi Fukuoka. <ref name="FT">[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/9343062a-abe9-11df-bfa7-00144feabdc0.html#ixzz1Dp1uXZeO We reap what we have sown] by Eyres, Harry. FInancial Times, August 21 2010</ref> He attended [[Matsuyama Higashi High School]], and later [[Gifu Prefecture]] Agricultural College. Fukuoka trained as a [[microbiology|microbiologist]] and [[Agricultural science|agricultural scientist]] and began a career as a research scientist, specialising in [[plant pathology]], at the Plant Inspection Division of the [[Yokohama]] Customs Bureau in 1934. However, in 1937 after a period of pneumonia,<ref>When Technology Fails (Revised & Expanded): A Manual for Self-Reliance, Sustainability, and Surviving the Long Emergency by Matthew I. Stein (Aug 18, 2008)</ref> he claimed to have had a profound spiritual experience which transformed him and his world view<ref name="One-Straw-Rev-Recapitulation-satori-Eng-quote">1992 {{nihongo2|わら一本の革命・総括編「神と自然と人の革命」}} 1996 "The Ultimatium [sic] of God Nature ''The One-Straw Revolution'' A Recapitulation" -page 2. "In an instant I had become a different person. I sensed that, with the clearing of the dawn mist, I had been transformed completely, body and soul."</ref> and likened it to a [[satori]].<ref name="Journeying with Seedballs-Bio">2001 {{nihongo2|わら一本の革命　総括編　—粘土団子の旅—}} Japanese only (a title translate: "The One Straw Revolution Recapitulation -Journeying [around Earth] with clay seed balls-") -biographical notes on page 271 -quote: "{{nihongo|15 May 1937 Awakening in Yokohama city|昭和12年 5月 15日　横浜に於て開悟　自然農法の道一筋}}" – {{nihongo|awakening; to uncover enlightenment|開悟|kaigo}}</ref><ref name="Ramon Magsaysay Award-Bio">[http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographyFukuokaMas.htm The 1988 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service - "BIOGRAPHY of Masanobu Fukuoka"]</ref> This experience led him to doubt the practices of modern 'Western' [[agricultural science]]. He immediately resigned from his post as a research scientist, returning to his family's farm on the island of [[Shikoku]] in southern Japan.
Fukuoka was born on 2 February 1913 in [[Iyo, Ehime]], [[Japan]], the second son of an educated and wealthy land owner, a local leader called Kameichi Fukuoka. <ref name="FT">[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/9343062a-abe9-11df-bfa7-00144feabdc0.html#ixzz1Dp1uXZeO We reap what we have sown] by Eyres, Harry. FInancial Times, August 21 2010</ref> He attended [[Matsuyama Higashi High School]], and later [[Gifu Prefecture]] Agricultural College. Fukuoka trained as a [[microbiology|microbiologist]] and [[Agricultural science|agricultural scientist]] and began a career as a research scientist, specialising in [[plant pathology]], at the Plant Inspection Division of the [[Yokohama]] Customs Bureau in 1934. However, in 1937 after a period of pneumonia,<ref>When Technology Fails (Revised & Expanded): A Manual for Self-Reliance, Sustainability, and Surviving the Long Emergency by Matthew I. Stein (Aug 18, 2008)</ref> he claimed{{editorializing?|date=March 2011}}{{Dubious|Accepted_by_the_most_reliable_sources_is:_His_.22kaigo.22_changed_his_whole_life_leading_to_his_influence|date=March 2011}}{{undue-inline|reason=[[WP:NPOV]]; Many reliable sources; For one example the [http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographyFukuokaMas.htm Ramon Magsaysay Award official biography]|date=March 2011}} to have had a profound spiritual experience which transformed him and his world view<ref name="One-Straw-Rev-Recapitulation-satori-Eng-quote">1992 {{nihongo2|わら一本の革命・総括編「神と自然と人の革命」}} 1996 "The Ultimatium [sic] of God Nature ''The One-Straw Revolution'' A Recapitulation" -page 2. "In an instant I had become a different person. I sensed that, with the clearing of the dawn mist, I had been transformed completely, body and soul."</ref> and likened it to a [[satori]].<ref name="Journeying with Seedballs-Bio">2001 {{nihongo2|わら一本の革命　総括編　—粘土団子の旅—}} Japanese only (a title translate: "The One Straw Revolution Recapitulation -Journeying [around Earth] with clay seed balls-") -biographical notes on page 271 -quote: "{{nihongo|15 May 1937 Awakening in Yokohama city|昭和12年 5月 15日　横浜に於て開悟　自然農法の道一筋}}" – {{nihongo|awakening; to uncover enlightenment|開悟|kaigo}}</ref><ref name="Ramon Magsaysay Award-Bio">[http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographyFukuokaMas.htm The 1988 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service - "BIOGRAPHY of Masanobu Fukuoka"]</ref> This experience led him to doubt the practices of modern 'Western' [[agricultural science]]. He immediately resigned from his post as a research scientist, returning to his family's farm on the island of [[Shikoku]] in southern Japan.


From 1938, Fukuoka began to practise and experiment with new techniques on [[organic farming|organic]] citrus orchards and used the observations gained to develop the idea of "Natural Farming" ({{nihongo3||[[:ja:自然農法|自然農法]]|shizen nōhō}} ). He used non-interventionalist methods, but the sudden transition from high-interventionalist care caused the trees to become affected by insects and tangled branches, and Fukuoka learned that a slower and more planned transition would be needed.<ref name="FT" /> His efforts were interrupted by [[World War II]], during which he worked at the [[Kōchi Prefecture]] agricultural experiment station on subjects including farming research and food production.
From 1938, Fukuoka began to practise and experiment with new techniques on [[organic farming|organic]] citrus orchards and used the observations gained to develop the idea of "Natural Farming" ({{nihongo3||[[:ja:自然農法|自然農法]]|shizen nōhō}} ). He used non-interventionalist methods, but the sudden transition from high-interventionalist care caused the trees to become affected by insects and tangled branches, and Fukuoka learned that a slower and more planned transition would be needed.<ref name="FT" /> His efforts were interrupted by [[World War II]], during which he worked at the [[Kōchi Prefecture]] agricultural experiment station on subjects including farming research and food production.

Revision as of 13:04, 6 March 2011

Masanobu Fukuoka
Born(1913-02-02)2 February 1913
Iyo, Japan
Died16 August 2008(2008-08-16) (aged 95)
NationalityJapanese
Occupation(s)Agricultural scientist, Farmer, Philosopher
Known forNatural farming methods
Notable workThe One-Straw Revolution
AwardsRamon Magsaysay Award, Desikottam Award, Earth Council Award

Masanobu Fukuoka (福岡 正信, Fukuoka Masanobu, 2 February 1913 – 16 August 2008) was a Japanese farmer and philosopher celebrated for his Natural Farming method and re-vegetation of desertified lands. He was a proponent of no-till, no-herbicide grain cultivation farming methods[1] traditional to many indigenous cultures.[2] Fukuoka's method is commonly referred to as Natural or Do-nothing Farming[3][4] and he is considered to be its father.[5]

Fukuoka was the author of more than ten related Japanese books, scientific papers and other publications, and was featured in television documentaries and interviews from the 1970s onwards.[6] His influences went beyond just farming to inspire individuals within the natural food and lifestyle movements.

Life

Iyo, Ehime. Place of Fukuoka's family home seen middle right.

Fukuoka was born on 2 February 1913 in Iyo, Ehime, Japan, the second son of an educated and wealthy land owner, a local leader called Kameichi Fukuoka. [7] He attended Matsuyama Higashi High School, and later Gifu Prefecture Agricultural College. Fukuoka trained as a microbiologist and agricultural scientist and began a career as a research scientist, specialising in plant pathology, at the Plant Inspection Division of the Yokohama Customs Bureau in 1934. However, in 1937 after a period of pneumonia,[8] he claimed[editorializing][dubious – discuss][undue weight? – discuss] to have had a profound spiritual experience which transformed him and his world view[9] and likened it to a satori.[10][11] This experience led him to doubt the practices of modern 'Western' agricultural science. He immediately resigned from his post as a research scientist, returning to his family's farm on the island of Shikoku in southern Japan.

From 1938, Fukuoka began to practise and experiment with new techniques on organic citrus orchards and used the observations gained to develop the idea of "Natural Farming" (shizen nōhō (自然農法) ). He used non-interventionalist methods, but the sudden transition from high-interventionalist care caused the trees to become affected by insects and tangled branches, and Fukuoka learned that a slower and more planned transition would be needed.[7] His efforts were interrupted by World War II, during which he worked at the Kōchi Prefecture agricultural experiment station on subjects including farming research and food production.

In 1940, Fukuoka married his wife Ayako and over his life they had five children together. After the war, his father lost most of the family lands due to forced redistribution by the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers and was left with only three-eighths of an acre of rice land and the hillside citrus orchards his son had taken over before the war. Despite these setbacks, in 1947 Fukuoka took up natural farming again with success, using no-till farming methods to raise rice and barley. He wrote his first book, Natural Farming, in the same year and worked to spread word of the benefits of his methods and philosophy.[12] His second seminal book, The One-Straw Revolution was later published in English in 1978.

Fukuoka travelled the world extensively, giving lectures and working directly to plant seeds and re-vegetate areas. He received a number of awards in various countries in recognition of his work and achievements. He continued to teach until the age of 92 and attended events such as the World Expo 2005 in Aichi Prefecture, Japan.[13] In 2006, he gave an hour-long interview on NHK TV.[14][15]

Fukuoka died on 16 August 2008, at the age of 95.[16]

Nature Farming

Fukuoka developed a farming system based on recognizing the complexity of living organisms that shape an ecosystem and deliberately exploiting it, suggesting that if farmers worked within ecological cycles, based on close attention to close, local observations, they could benefit remarkably from them.[17] His ideas challenged many common agricultural conventions and eshewed dominant production values core to modern agro-industries, instead promoting an ethical and environment approach [18] which differs from simple organic farming [19] which he considered to be another modern technique used exclusively for human benefit.[20] It is also referred to as "the Fukuoka Method", "the natural way of farming" or "Do-Nothing Farming", despite being labor intensive. Paralleling that of Mokichi Okada's sense of "Nature Farming" from 1935– onwards in Japan[21] and other organic farming pioneers.

The five principles of Natural Farming are that:

  • human cultivation of soil, plowing or tilling are unnecessary, as is the use of powered machines
  • prepared-fertilizers are unnecessary, as is the process of preparing compost
  • weeding, either by cultivation or by herbicides, is unnecessary. Instead only minimal weed suppression with minimal disturbance
  • pesticides, herbicides applications are unnecessary
  • pruning of fruit trees is unnecessary.[22]

Further more, he experimented with reseeding ecosystems in areas of man-made deserts and taught his method internationally. [23]

In India, natural farming is often referred to as "Rishi Kheti" (farming as practised by the ancient sages).[24]

Although many of his plant varieties and some of his practises, may relate specifically to Japan, and even be specific to local conditions in subtropical western Shikoku, his philosophy and the governing principles of his farming systems see practical application around the world. They are practised with different varieties of plants in different places and climates from Africa to cold temperate north.

Principally, his system minimise human labour or disturbance and facilitates as closely as practical, nature's reproduction of human foods such as rice, barley, daikon or citrus mixed within biodiverse agricultural ecosystems. Without plowing, seeds germinate quite happily on the surface if nature's conditions for each seed's site meet that seed's requirements. Considerable emphasis is put on sustaining diversity rather than destroying it. He believed spiders continuing residence in his annual crop fields provided a 'key performance indicator' of sustainability.

In the system, the ground always remains covered by weeds, white clover, alfalfa, more herbaceous legumes, and sometimes additional deliberately sown herbaceous plants and are seen as part of the ecosystems of the grain or vegetables crops and orchards. Chickens were also allow to run free through the orchards and ducks and carp used in rice fields.[25]

Masanobu Fukuoka is claimed to have re-invented and advanced the use of clay or earth seed balls (土 団子, tsuchi dango). Clay seeds balls (粘土 団子, nendo dango, literally (粘 Sticky, 土 Earth) –Clay, 団子 Dumplings) were originally an ancient practis in which seeds for the next season's crops are mixed together, perhaps with a little humus or compost for microbial inoculants and then are rolled within clay to form into small balls.

Periodically some ground layer plants including weeds may be cut, low-down and allowed to lie on the surface so that the nutrients they contain are returned to the soil whilst shading and suppressing the growth of weeds. This also facilitates the option of sowing more seeds in the same area.

In the summer-rice and winter-barley grain crops, ground cover naturally provides nitrogen fixation from the atmosphere. As well as these, straw from the previous crop covers the topsoil as mulch. Each grain crop is sown before the previous one is harvested by broadcasting the seed among the standing crop. The result is a denser crop of smaller but highly productive and stronger plants.

His practise and philosophy emphasises small scale farming and challenged the mechanised broad acre farming's approaches of the need for high-productivity, efficiencies and economies of scale. While his family's farm was larger than the then average Japanese farm area, he used one field of established grain crops as an example of small scale farming.

Recent farming

Iyo, Ehime. The Fukuoka family farm's shady maturing woodland hill below one of the huts and the pagoda.

Masanobu Fukuoka's farm in Shikoku changed hands to his son and his son's wife gradually during the late 1980s, as he reached an advanced age.[26] In the 1980s, he recorded that he and his family shipped some 6,000 crates of citrus to Tokyo each year totalling about 90 tonnes.[11] His grandson also works with the family farm. The family orchards of iyo-kan, amanatsu mikan and related varieties of citrus, fruit trees and many more fruit and other trees still grow.[27] The mixed woodland vegetation including bamboo groves and much more has greatly matured now through ecological succession. The hills, including around the pagoda, are now shady woodlands growing more like a native forest having shade loving ground plants. As he foreshadowed, natural mixed woodland maturing and further enriching the once bare soil.[citation needed]

Many of his iyo-kan and amanatsu mikan trees are still growing, although some old iyo-kan have finished of old age to be replaced by new varieties of fruit. The woodlands remain along with orchards, including some areas of wild vegetables still growing amongst them. Some areas of straw-mulched cropping continues with grains and vegetables crops. New experimentation is taking place.

Growing now also, are an orchard area of Ginko (trees), Shiitake mushrooms crops growing out the wood of tree logs in shady woodland, recent new plantings of Limes, Grapefruits, Feijoas, Avocados, Mangos.[28][29][30]

Nature Farming movement and influence

Fukuoka is considered internationally to be amongst the five "giants" of organic cultivation along with Austrian Rudolf Steiner, German-Swiss Hans Müller, Lady Eve Balfour in the UK and J.I. Rodale in the USA.[31]

Widely influential, his writings inspired an international movement of individuals investigating and attempting to apply his principles,[5] such as "second generation" leader Yoshikazu Kawaguchi and Akinori Kimura in Japan,[1][32] and considerably influenced other movements such as that of Permaculture developed by David Holmgren and Bill Mollison in the early 1970s.[33][34][full citation needed]

His books are read not so only as farming compendiums but as guides to a way of life.[35] 'One Straw Revolution' alone has been translated into over 20 languages and sold more than one million copies.[27]

Awards

Fukuoka received India's most prestigious award, "The Desikottam Award in 1988 [36] and in 1988, the "Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service",[37] often considered "Asia's Nobel Prize", in recognition of his demonstration to small farmers everywhere that natural farming offers a practical, environmentally safe, and bountiful alternative to modern commercial practices and their harmful consequences. He also received in 1998, a grant of US$ 10,000 from the Rockefeller Brothers Fund [38] but which was returning due to his inability to complete the project because of advancing age.

Masanobu Fukuoka also awarded an Earth Council Alliance award at the 1997 Earth Summit, which he received in person at a ceremony in Tokyo on May 26 that year,[39] honoring him for his contributions to sustainable development.[36]

Active service chronology

  • 1979 – July–August. First journey overseas with his wife Ayako to U.S.A when he met macrobiotic movement leaders Michio Kushi and Herman Aihara in California, and student and translator Larry Korn. Visited the University of California University of California, Green Gulch Farm Zen Center, Lundberg Family Farms and meet with United Nations (UNCCD) representatives including Maurice Strong who encouraged his involvement in the "Plan of Action to Combat Desertification". Also visited New York and surrounding areas such as Boston and the Amherst College in Massachusetts.
  • 1983 – Travelled to Europe for 50 days with Panayiotis Manikis, Giannozzo Pucci, Michio Kushi, Thomas Nelissen and others, and friend holding workshops, educating farmers and sowing seeds.
  • 1985 – Summer. Spent Forty days in Africa, Somalia and Ethiopia, sowing seeds in areas of desert to re-vegetate them including working in remote villages and a refugee camp.
  • 1986 – Summer. Returned to the USA for nearly 50 days including speaking a the 2nd International Permaculture Conference at Evergreen State College in Washington state,[40] San Francisco and the University of California's Agriculture Dept. He visited many farms, forests & cities giving lectures and met with Partap Aggarwal from India for the first time.
  • 1987–88 – Given Desikottam Award, India given by Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi at Visva-Bharati University in West Bengal. Lectured at the Indian Science Congress, & state agricultural universities and thirty other sites.
  • 1988 – August–September. Received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service in the Philippines, traveling amongst forests, farms, plantations and farmer's markets with his wife Ayako.
  • 1990 – July. Thailand, visiting farms.
  • 1991 – Thailand collecting seeds for re-vegetating deserts in India.
  • 1991 – November–December. India, sowing seeds in the deserts to re-vegetate them for 2 months.
  • 1991 – Thailand again trying again to collect seeds.
  • 1992 – Participating in official meetings in Japan associated with & at the time of the Rio Earth Summit, Brazil.
  • 1996 – February. Tanzania, Africa,including sowing seeds in areas of desert to re-vegetate them, observing Baobab tree & jungle country with 2 days stop off Mumbai India on the way home.
  • 1996 – Vietnam, making, teaching & sowing clay seed balls.
  • 1997 – Awarded Earth Council Award honours for contributions to sustainable development. Attending an international seminar to commemorate Gandhi at Gandhi's Ashram Sevagram (Wardha)
  • 1998 – Philippines, Natural Farming research.
  • 1998 – Spring March & Autumn – Greece with Panayiotis Manikis and Yuko Honma, sowing seeds in areas of desert to re-vegetate them including 10,000 ha around the Lake Vegoritis area, Vegoritida, Pella Prefecture. Producing a film of the major seed balls effort.
  • 1999 – Mallorca Spain, visit, including making & sowing clay seed balls, interviews.
  • 2001 – Autumn – China.
  • 2002 – Autumn October 1–14 – "Nature as Teacher" workshop, Navdanya Farm & Bija Vidyapeeth – Earth University directed by Vandana Shiva, Dehra Dun Uttarakhand, northern India; On Gandhi Day (Oct 2) he gave the third annual Albert Howard Memorial Lecture to attendees from all six continents.
  • 2002 – Autumn – Afghanistan with Yuko Honma. Unable to attend, so 8 tons of seed were shipped.

Selective corpus

Mu: The God Revolution (English translation).

Books

  • Template:Ja icon 1947 Mu: Kami no Kakumei (無　神の革命); First edition self-published in 1947 and re-published in 1973 as Mu I: Kami no Kakumei (無 I　神の革命), 280pp., 21 cm; New publishing by Shunjūsha (春秋社) in 1985 July ISBN 978-4-393-74111-5 and 2004 Aug ISBN 978-4-393-74143-6; (Religion (volume) (宗教編, Shūkyō Hen)).
  • Template:Ja icon 1958 Hyakushō Yawa・「fu*」Shizen Nōhō (百姓夜話・「付」自然農法); Self-published in 1958.
  • Template:Ja icon 1972 Mu: Shizen Nōhō (無　自然農法) - first edition self-published in 1972. Publication issued by Shunjūsha (春秋社) in 1985 Oct as Mu III: Shizen Nōhō (無 III　自然農法) ISBN 978-4-393-74113-9 and again in 2004 Sept ISBN 978-4-393-74145-0; (Doing-practise (volume) (実践編, Jissen Hen)).
  • Template:Ja icon 1972 Midori no Tetsugaku - Shizen Nōhō to Riron to Jissai (緑の哲学　自然農法と理論と実際); Self-published, 359 pp.
File:One-straw.jpg
The One–Straw Revolution (English representation).
  • Template:Ja icon 1975 Shizen Nōhō - Wara Ippon no Kakumei (自然農法　わら一本の革命); Published by Hakujusha (柏樹社) Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan ISBN?; New publishing by Shunjūsha (春秋社) in 1983 May ISBN 978-4-393-74103-0 and again in 2004 Aug ISBN 978-4-393-74141-2.
    • 1978 "The One-Straw Revolution" translators Chris Pearce, Tsune Kurosawa & Larry Korn. Preface Wendell Berry. Rodale Press. 1984– Indian Eng. edns. 30 yr anniv. 2009 republishing NYRB.
  • Template:Ja icon 1975 Shizen Nōhō - Midori no Tetsugaku no Riron to Jissen (自然農法　緑の哲学の理論と実践); Published by Jiji Tsūshinsha (時事通信社, Jiji Press Co.), Tōkyō, in 1975 Dec, 310pp. ISBN 978-4-7887-7626-5.13-3.
    • 1985 "The Natural Way Of Farming - The Theory and Practice of Green Philosophy" translator Frederic P. Metreaud. Japan Publications. Out of print. ISBN 978-0-87040-613-3.
  • Template:Ja icon 1984 Shizen ni Kaeru (自然に還る); Published by Shunjūsha (春秋社), 362 pp., in 1984 Aug ISBN 978-4-393-74104-7. An enlarged and revised edition, 458 pp., in 1993 April ISBN 978-4-393-74114-6. Re-published in 2004 Sept ISBN 978-4-393-74146-7.
    • 1987 "The Road Back to Nature - Regaining the Paradise Lost" translator Frederic P. Metreaud. Japan Publications. Out of print. ISBN 978-0-87040-673-7.
  • Template:Ja icon 1985 Mu II: Mu no Tetsugaku (無 II　無の哲学); Published by Shunjūsha (春秋社) in 1985 July ISBN 978-4-393-74112-2 and again in 2004 Sept ISBN 978-4-393-74144-3; (Philosophy (volume) (哲学編, Tetsugaku Hen)).
  • Template:Ja icon 1992 Wara Ippon no Kakumei・Sōkatsuhen「Kami to Shizen to Hito no Kakumei」 (わら一本の革命・総括編「神と自然と人の革命」); Self-published by Shizenjuen (Shou Shin Sha) (自然樹園 (小心舎), One of Fukuoka Masanobu's own self-publishing publisher names) in 1992 Dec, 230 pp., 26×26 cm ISBN 978-4-938743-01-7; ISBN 4-938743-01-9.
    • 1996 "The Ultimatium [sic] of God Nature The One-Straw Revolution A Recapitulation" - English retranslation, less than 100 copies, no ISBN. Publisher: "Shou Shin Sha (小心舎)".
  • Template:Ja icon 1997 "Shizen" o Ikiru (「自然」を生きる), includes an interview with Kanamitsu Toshio (金光寿郎); Published by Shunjūsha (春秋社) in 1997 Feb ISBN 978-4-393-74115-3 and again in 2004 Aug ISBN 978-4-393-74147-4.
  • Template:Ja icon 2001 Wara Ippon no Kakumei Sōkatsuhen -Nendo Dango no Tabi- (わら一本の革命　総括編　—粘土団子の旅—); Self-published by Shizenjuen (Shou Shin Sha) (自然樹園 (小心舎), Self-published), 2001 May. ISBN 978-4-938743-02-4; ISBN 4-938743-02-7; Re-published in 2010 April by Shunjūsha (春秋社) ISBN 978-4-393-74151-1.
  • 2009 Iroha Kakumei Uta (いろは革命歌, Iroha Revolutionary Verses), Fukuoka, Masanobu's hand-written classical song-verses and drawings. Bilingual Japanese and English ISBN 978-4-938743-03-1; ISBN 4-938743-03-5.

Papers

  • Template:Ja icon 福岡正信 (1937 Aug). "柑橘樹脂病特にその完全時代に就て[[Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text]][[Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text]]" (PDF). Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 日本植物病理學會報 (in Japanese). 7 (1). The Phytopathological Society of Japan (PSJ) http://www.ppsj.org/ 日本植物病理学会: 32–33. ISSN 0031-9473. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysummary=, |laysource=, and |separator= (help); External link in |publisher= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help) - prepared while working at the Plant Inspection Division of the Yokohama Customs Bureau (横濱税關植物檢査課).
  • Template:Ja icon 福岡正信 (1989 May). "Template:Nihongo title". [[:Template:Nihongo title]]. Quarterly Buddhism 季刊仏教 (in Japanese). Vol. No.7. Hōzōkan (法蔵館). pp. 159-. ISBN 9784831802071. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |lastn=, |laydate=, |coauthors=, |editorn-last=, |nopp=, |separator=, |laysummary=, |chapterurl=, |editorn-first=, |authorn-link=, |editorn-link=, |authormask=, |lastauthoramp=, and |firstn= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help); Unknown parameter |trans_chapter= ignored (|trans-chapter= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Template:Ja icon 福岡正信 (1991 Nov). "Template:Nihongo title". [[:Template:Nihongo title]]. Quarterly Buddhism・Supplementary Issue 季刊仏教・別冊6 (in Japanese). Vol. No.6. Hōzōkan (法蔵館). pp. 52-. ISBN 9784831802569. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |lastn=, |laydate=, |coauthors=, |editorn-last=, |nopp=, |separator=, |laysummary=, |chapterurl=, |editorn-first=, |authorn-link=, |editorn-link=, |authormask=, |lastauthoramp=, and |firstn= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help); Unknown parameter |trans_chapter= ignored (|trans-chapter= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Template:Ja icon 福岡正信 (1993 Oct). "Template:Nihongo title". [[:Template:Nihongo title]]. Quarterly Buddhism 季刊仏教. Vol. No. 25. Hōzōkan (法蔵館). pp. 130-. ISBN 9784831802255. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |lastn=, |laydate=, |coauthors=, |editorn-last=, |nopp=, |separator=, |laysummary=, |chapterurl=, |editorn-first=, |authorn-link=, |editorn-link=, |authormask=, |lastauthoramp=, and |firstn= (help); Text "?" ignored (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)[28]
  • Template:Ja icon 福岡正信 (1994 July). "Template:Nihongo title". [[:Template:Nihongo title]]. Quarterly Buddhism 季刊仏教 (in Japanese). Vol. No. 28. Hōzōkan (法蔵館). pp. 176-. ISBN 9784831802286. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |lastn=, |laydate=, |coauthors=, |editorn-last=, |nopp=, |separator=, |laysummary=, |chapterurl=, |editorn-first=, |authorn-link=, |editorn-link=, |authormask=, |lastauthoramp=, and |firstn= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help); Unknown parameter |trans_chapter= ignored (|trans-chapter= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)[28]

Videos

Template:Multicol Video・ Documentary - Fukuoka Masanobu goes to India 1997

Living-organisms' Planet - "For Living on the Planet Earth"

Nature Farming (ways-laws-dharma)・Fukuoka Masanobu - Clay seed balls rescue Earth.

Farming (ways-laws-dharma) supervision: Fukuoka Masanobu / Clay Seed Balls guidance: Honma Yuko / Direction: Imaizumi Kōji / Production: Salbong (Non-profit Movie Production) (Japanese-Hindi interpreter & translator Professor Makino Saiji; Assistant Morioka Naoko)

Template:Multicol-break ビデオ・　ドキュメンタリー　福岡正信インドヘ行く

生き物たちの惑星「地球で生きるために」

自然農法・福岡正信　粘土団子が地球を救う。

農法監修 福岡正信／粘土団子指導 本間 裕子／演出 今泉 光司／制作 サルボン（非営利映像制作） Template:Multicol-end

Template:Multicol NTSC VHS/BTC STEREO - Japanese language edition・59 minutes - English language edition・61 minutes - 1998 - (available now, recently, on DVD in Japanese, instead of only tape...?) Template:Multicol-break NTSC VHS/BTC STEREO　日本語版・59分　英語版・61分 テープ Template:Multicol-end

Template:Multicol Company: (Salbong) サルボン Template:Multicol-break サルボン Template:Multicol-end

Reference notes

  1. ^ a b Body and Earth are not Two: Kawaguchi Yoshikazu's Natural Farming and American Agricultural Writers by Prof. Kato, Sadamichi, Nagoya University
  2. ^ Gammage, Bill (2005), "'...far more happier than we Europeans': Aborigines and farmers" (PDF), London Papers in Australian Studies (formerly Working Papers in Australian Studies) (12), Menzies Centre for Australian Studies. King's College.: 1–27, ISSN 1746-1774, retrieved 2010-11-23 {{citation}}: External link in |journal= (help)
  3. ^ Sustainable Agriculture: Definition and Terms. Special Reference Briefs Series no. SRB 99-02, September 1999. Compiled by: Mary V. Gold, Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture
  4. ^ Setboonsarng, S. and Gilman, J. 1999. Alternative Agriculture in Thailand and Japan. Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
  5. ^ a b What does Natural Farming mean? by Toyoda, Natsuko. Japan Spotlight, Nov. Dec. 2008.
  6. ^ Template:Ja icon NHK TV station appearances', 1976 earliest search result (Japanese only; Retrieved 2010-11-30)
  7. ^ a b We reap what we have sown by Eyres, Harry. FInancial Times, August 21 2010
  8. ^ When Technology Fails (Revised & Expanded): A Manual for Self-Reliance, Sustainability, and Surviving the Long Emergency by Matthew I. Stein (Aug 18, 2008)
  9. ^ 1992 わら一本の革命・総括編「神と自然と人の革命」 1996 "The Ultimatium [sic] of God Nature The One-Straw Revolution A Recapitulation" -page 2. "In an instant I had become a different person. I sensed that, with the clearing of the dawn mist, I had been transformed completely, body and soul."
  10. ^ 2001 わら一本の革命　総括編　—粘土団子の旅— Japanese only (a title translate: "The One Straw Revolution Recapitulation -Journeying [around Earth] with clay seed balls-") -biographical notes on page 271 -quote: "15 May 1937 Awakening in Yokohama city (昭和12年 5月 15日　横浜に於て開悟　自然農法の道一筋)" – awakening; to uncover enlightenment (開悟, kaigo)
  11. ^ a b The 1988 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service - "BIOGRAPHY of Masanobu Fukuoka"
  12. ^ 1975–(Japanese) 1978 "The One-Straw Revolution" p. 118
  13. ^ Template:Ja icon World Expo Aichi Japan 2005 appearance -o fficial web page for his session in 2005 Aug 4. (Japanese only; Retrieved 2010-11-30)
  14. ^ Template:Ja icon A translation: 'Mind-times' ~ Religion・Life こころの時代～宗教・人生 television interview between Fukuoka Masanobu and Kanamitsu Toshio (金光寿郎) on the topic: Journey around the world with Clay seed balls
  15. ^ Template:Ja icon Eulogy page with NHK Iroha dialogue hour-long TV program video copy in 6 segments
  16. ^ Template:Ja icon Diary letter relating with rich meanings of late Mr. Fukuoka sensei-practitioner's death
  17. ^ 'The centrality of agriculture: between humankind and the rest of nature' by Duncan, Colin Adrien MacKinley. McGill Universities Libraries, Mar 1996.
  18. ^ People And Environment: Development For The Future. Edited by Stocking, Michael University of East Anglia, Morse, Stephen University of East Anglia. Routledge, 1995.
  19. ^ Participating in Nature: Thomas J. Elpel's Field Guide to Primitive Living Skills by Elpel, Thomas J. Nov 1, 2002
  20. ^ What Does Natural Farming Mean? by Toyoda, Natsuko
  21. ^ Hui-Lian Xu (2001) "NATURE FARMING In Japan" Research Signpost
  22. ^ Sustainable Agriculture: A Vision for Future by Desai, B.K. and B.T.Pujari. New India Publishing, 2007
  23. ^ 2001 福岡正信 わら一本の革命　総括編　—粘土団子の旅— Japanese only (a title translate: "The One Straw Revolution Recapitulation -Journeying [around Earth] with clay seed balls-")
  24. ^ "Masanobu Fukuoka: The man who did nothing By Malvika Tegta" "DNA Daily News and Analysis". "Published: Sunday, Aug 22, 2010, 2:59 IST". "Place: Mumbai", India. (Retrieved 2010-12-1)
  25. ^ Masanobu Fukuoka, 1975 自然農法-わら一本の革命 English translation 1978 The One-Straw Revolution
  26. ^ Template:Ja icon Esu Coop Osaka exchange visit to Fukuoka Masanobu's son's family's nature farm (blog page posted 2004 Dec)
  27. ^ a b Farmer Philosopher Masanobu Fukuoka (1) Humans must Strive to Know the Unknown
  28. ^ a b c Template:Ja icon A translation: Forest's Philosophy - Toward a new philosophy of religion. Quarterly Buddhism, No. 28, 1994 July. ISBN 9784831802286
  29. ^ Template:Ja icon Japan's nature model farming for more than 30 years. TERRE issue No. 12 2007
  30. ^ Template:Ja icon Elder Mr. Fukuoka meeting again with owner of Mahoroba Natural Foods store (Japanese only; Retrieved 2010-11-30)
  31. ^ The economics of organic farming: an international perspective, edited by N. H. Lampkin, S. Padel, University of California. CAB International, 1994. ISBN 085198911X
  32. ^ Akinori Kimura's "Miracle Apples" Nature Farming, far northern Japan -quality online freely available book, including chapters relating with Masanobu Fukuoka. (Retrieved 2010-11-30)
  33. ^ Mollison, Bill (1978 September 15–21). "The One-Straw Revolution by Masanobu Fukuoka - book review". Nation Review. p. 18. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  34. ^ The Arboricultural journal, Volumes 12-13. Arboricultural Association., 1988 [full citation needed]
  35. ^ 'Humans must strive to know the unknown' by Toyoda, Natsuko
  36. ^ a b "Japanese Farmer-Philosopher Masanobu Fukuoka: Natural Farming Greening the Deserts" Japan for Sustainability Newsletter 2006 May. (English) –Japanese page. (Retrieved 2011-1-5)
  37. ^ "The 1988 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service - CITATION for Masanobu Fukuoka
  38. ^ "Rockefeller Brothers Fund - 1998 Grants made in 1998"" (2003 archive) -quote:
    As a contribution toward the publication of a textbook, "Natural Farming - How to Make Clayballs."
  39. ^ Template:Ja icon Earth Council Awards 1997 Japan - Japanese Government Environment department website press release (Japanese only; Retrieved 2010-11-30)
  40. ^ Interview: Bill Mollison on Permaculture and Ecosystems for the Future
  41. ^ Picture of: Fukuoka, Masanobu 1964 "Mu 1-The God Revolution" translated by Alfred Birnbaum. Japan. -from Amazon.com

Key references

... Discussion of Fukuoka's books, ongoing projects in Fukuoka Farming, creating and dispersing seed balls, and anything else to do with Masanobu Fukuoka, his life and work are all encouraged. This list was primarily created as a place for people interested in Fukuoka's methods to network and share resources. Let's help change the way people think about growing food. Useful files section documents. (Retrieved 2010-11-15)

See also

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