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===Reaction from non-believers and protesters===
===Reaction from non-believers and protesters===
In response to the prediction, more than 830,000 people joined the sarcastically-titled [[Facebook]] group "Post Rapture Looting".<ref name="facebook">[[Facebook]] group page: "[https://www.facebook.com/event.php?eid=121968371215699 Post rapture looting]."</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/43082513/ns/us_news-life/t/end-world-how-about-party-instead/|title=End of the world? How about a party instead?|last=Breen|first=Tom|date=18 May 2011|publisher=MSNBC|accessdate=30 May 2011}}</ref> The group [[American Atheists]] sponsored billboards in several American cities declaring the Rapture to be "nonsense".<ref name = "Hickock" /> The group Seattle Atheists formed the Rapture Relief Fund which they said would be used "to help survivors of any Armageddon-sized disaster in the Puget Sound area";<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.christianpost.com/news/atheists-offer-post-rapture-services-50278/ |title = Atheists Offer Post-Rapture Services |publisher = Christianpost.com |date = 2011-05-07 |accessdate = 2011-05-19}}</ref> since the Rapture failed to occur on May 21, the money will fund a camp that teaches children about science and critical thinking.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.seattlepi.com/local/komo/article/Seattle-Athiests-collect-for-Rapture-Relief-Fund-1382452.php |title = Seattle Atheists collect for "Rapture Relief Fund" |publisher = Seattle Post-Intelligencer |date = 2011-05-13 |accessdate = 2011-05-19}}</ref>
In response to the prediction, more than 830,000 registered as attending a "Post Rapture Looting" event on facebook.<ref name="facebook">[[Facebook]] group page: "[https://www.facebook.com/event.php?eid=121968371215699 Post rapture looting]."</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/43082513/ns/us_news-life/t/end-world-how-about-party-instead/|title=End of the world? How about a party instead?|last=Breen|first=Tom|date=18 May 2011|publisher=MSNBC|accessdate=30 May 2011}}</ref> The group [[American Atheists]] sponsored billboards in several American cities declaring the Rapture to be "nonsense".<ref name = "Hickock" /> The group Seattle Atheists formed the Rapture Relief Fund which they said would be used "to help survivors of any Armageddon-sized disaster in the Puget Sound area";<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.christianpost.com/news/atheists-offer-post-rapture-services-50278/ |title = Atheists Offer Post-Rapture Services |publisher = Christianpost.com |date = 2011-05-07 |accessdate = 2011-05-19}}</ref> since the Rapture failed to occur on May 21, the money will fund a camp that teaches children about science and critical thinking.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.seattlepi.com/local/komo/article/Seattle-Athiests-collect-for-Rapture-Relief-Fund-1382452.php |title = Seattle Atheists collect for "Rapture Relief Fund" |publisher = Seattle Post-Intelligencer |date = 2011-05-13 |accessdate = 2011-05-19}}</ref>


On May 21, groups of protesters gathered at Family Radio's headquarters in Oakland to mock the evangelical broadcaster's failed prediction. One group released human-shaped helium balloons to simulate souls rising to heaven,<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/8529127/Protesters-mock-end-of-world-church.html |title = Video: Protesters mock 'end of world' church |date = 22 May 2011 |work = [[The Daily Telegraph]] |accessdate = 23 May 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://pajamasmedia.com/zombie/2011/05/21/media-circus-of-biblical-proportions-at-armageddon-hq/ Pajamas Media: "Media Circus of Biblical Proportions at Armageddon HQ", May 21, 2011.]</ref> while another person played [[The Doors]]' song "[[The End (The Doors song)|The End]]" over a [[boombox]].<ref name="latimes-doors">''[[LA Times]]'' article: "[http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-rapture-20110522,0,5118540.story In the end, rapture believers weren't going anywhere]."</ref> Many atheist and secular groups in the United States hosted "Rapture parties" on May 21.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-13468131 |title = 'Rapture' apocalypse prediction sparks atheist reaction |publisher = BBC News |date = 2011-05-20 |accessdate = 2011-05-20}}</ref>
On May 21, groups of protesters gathered at Family Radio's headquarters in Oakland to mock the evangelical broadcaster's failed prediction. One group released human-shaped helium balloons to simulate souls rising to heaven,<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/8529127/Protesters-mock-end-of-world-church.html |title = Video: Protesters mock 'end of world' church |date = 22 May 2011 |work = [[The Daily Telegraph]] |accessdate = 23 May 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://pajamasmedia.com/zombie/2011/05/21/media-circus-of-biblical-proportions-at-armageddon-hq/ Pajamas Media: "Media Circus of Biblical Proportions at Armageddon HQ", May 21, 2011.]</ref> while another person played [[The Doors]]' song "[[The End (The Doors song)|The End]]" over a [[boombox]].<ref name="latimes-doors">''[[LA Times]]'' article: "[http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-rapture-20110522,0,5118540.story In the end, rapture believers weren't going anywhere]."</ref> Many atheist and secular groups in the United States hosted "Rapture parties" on May 21.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-13468131 |title = 'Rapture' apocalypse prediction sparks atheist reaction |publisher = BBC News |date = 2011-05-20 |accessdate = 2011-05-20}}</ref>

Revision as of 16:26, 30 May 2011

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The 2011 end times prediction made by American Christian radio host Harold Camping stated that the Rapture and Judgment Day would take place on May 21, 2011,[1][2][3] and that the end of the world would take place five months later on October 21, 2011.[4] The Rapture, in a specific tradition of premillennial theology, is the taking up into heaven of God's elect people. Camping, president of the Family Radio Christian network, claimed the Bible as his source and said May 21 would be the date of the Rapture and the day of judgment "beyond the shadow of a doubt".[5] Camping suggested that it would occur at 6 p.m. local time, with the rapture sweeping the globe time zone by time zone,[6][7] while some of his supporters claimed that around 200 million people (approximately 3% of the world's population) would be 'raptured'.[8]

The vast majority of Christian groups, including Protestant and Catholic believers, did not accept Camping's predictions;[9] some explicitly rejected them,[10][11][12][13] citing Bible passages including those stating "about that day or hour no one knows". An interview with a group of church leaders noted that all of them had scheduled church services as usual for Sunday, May 22.[14] Camping had previously predicted that the Rapture would occur in September 1994.

Following the failure of the prediction, media attention shifted to the response from Camping and his followers. On Sunday, May 22, Camping emerged briefly from his home, saying "Give me a day, no interviews today ... I've got to live with it, I've got to think it out."[15] He said he would make a public statement on Monday, May 23.[16][17] On May 23, Camping stated that May 21 had been a "spiritual" day of judgment, and that the physical Rapture would occur on October 21, 2011, simultaneously with the destruction of the universe by God.[18]

Predictions

File:Endtimes.png
Family Radio's Web page on May 21, 2011

Camping's predictions

  • The rapture would occur on May 21, 2011.[19]
  • Massive earthquakes (greater in magnitude than the 2011 Japanese earthquake) would happen across the world at 6 p.m. local time.[6]
  • The end of the world would take place five months later on October 21, 2011.[4]

Other predictions

  • Approximately 3% of the world's population would be called to heaven.[19]
  • Earthquakes would begin on May 21 on Kiritimati Island (Christmas Island), Kiribati at 6 p.m. LINT (0400 UTC).[19][20][21]
  • Citing Jeremiah 25:32, earthquakes would continue "as the sun advances" with New York, United States, to be affected at approximately 6 p.m. EDT (2200 UTC).[19]

Camping's revised prediction after May 21

On May 23, 2011, Harold Camping stated that May 21 had been a "spiritual" Judgment Day and that the Rapture will occur on October 21, 2011, together with the destruction of the world.[22]

Rationale

"I know it's absolutely true, because the Bible is always absolutely true."[23]

— Harold Camping, president, Family Radio

Camping presented several numerological[24] arguments, or biblical "proofs", in favor of the May 21 end time. A civil engineer by training, Camping stated he had attempted to work out mathematically-based prophecies in the Bible for decades. In an interview with the San Francisco Chronicle he explained "... I was an engineer, I was very interested in the numbers. I'd wonder, 'Why did God put this number in, or that number in?' It was not a question of unbelief, it was a question of, 'There must be a reason for it.'"[25]

In 1970, Camping dated the Great Flood to 4990 BC.[26] Using this date, taking the statement in Genesis 7:4 ("Seven days from now I will send rain on the earth") to be a prediction of the end of the world, and combining it with 2 Peter 3:8 ("With the Lord a day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years are like a day"), Camping concluded that the end of the world would occur in 2011, 7000 years from 4990 BC.[8] Camping takes the 17th day of the second month mentioned in Genesis 7:11 to be May 21, and hence predicts the rapture to occur on this date.[8]

Another argument[27] that Camping used in favor of the May 21 date is as follows:

  1. The number five equals "atonement", the number ten equals "completeness", and the number seventeen equals "heaven".
  2. The number of days (as calculated below) between April 1, 33 AD and May 21, 2011 AD is 722,500:
    1. Christ is said to have hung on the cross on April 1, 33 AD. The time between April 1, 33 AD and April 1, 2011 is 1,978 years.
    2. If 1,978 is multiplied by 365.2422 days (the number of days in a solar, as distinct from lunar, year), the result is 722,449.
    3. The time between April 1 and May 21 is 51 days.
    4. 51 added to 722,449 is 722,500.
  3. (5 × 10 × 17)2 or (atonement × completeness × heaven)2 also equals 722,500.

Camping said that 5 × 10 × 17 is telling us a "story from the time Christ made payment for our sins until we're completely saved."[25]

Camping was not precise about the exact timing of the event, saying that "maybe" we can know the hour.[28] He has suggested that "days" in the Bible refer to daylight hours particularly.[28] Another account said the "great earthquake" which signals the start of the Rapture would "start in the Pacific Rim at around the 6 p.m. local time hour, in each time zone."[29]

In Camping's book 1994?, self-published in 1992, he predicted that the End Times would come in September 1994 (variously reported as September 4[23] or September 6[30]). When the Rapture failed to occur on the appointed day, Camping said he had made a mathematical error.[31]

Criticism

A demonstrator at Radio City Music Hall.

Camping's rapture prediction, along with some of his other teachings and beliefs, sparked controversy in the Christian and secular Western worlds. His critics often quoted Bible verses (such as Matthew 24:36) they interpret as saying that the date of the end will never be known by anyone but God until it actually happens. James Kreuger, author of the book Secrets of the Apocalypse — Revealed, stated that while he believes the rapture is coming, Camping is incorrect in attempting to nail down a date. "For all his learning, Camping makes a classic beginner's mistake when he sets a date for Christ's return," writes Kreuger. "Jesus himself said in Matthew 24:36, 'Of that day and hour knows no man, no, not the angels of heaven, but my father only.'"[25] However, Camping and his followers responded that this principle only applied to the "church age" or pre-Tribulation period and did not apply to the present day, citing other verses (such as 1 Thessalonians 5:1–5:5) in their rebuttal.[32]

In a 2001 pamphlet, Camping asserted that believers should "flee the church", resigning from any church they belong to, because the "Church Age" is over and the "Great Tribulation" has begun.[33] This assertion was controversial[34] and drew "a flurry of attacks".[33]

Edwin M. Yamauchi critiqued Camping's dating of the Flood when Camping first published his ideas in 1970.[26]

Criticism of the May 21 prediction ranged from serious critique to ridicule. Theology professor Matthew L. Skinner, writing at the Huffington Post, noted the "long history of failed speculation" about the End Times and cautioned that end-of-the-world talk can lead Christians to social passivity instead of "working for the world's redemption".[35] Some columnists mocked the prediction with humorous essays.[36][37] A group of Christians set up a website called "RaptureFail" with the stated intention of undermining "this embarrassment to the Body of Christ."[38]

Evolutionary biologist and atheist Richard Dawkins dismissed Camping's prediction, writing that "he will inevitably explain, on May 22nd, that there must have been some error in the calculation, the rapture is postponed to ... and please send more money to pay for updated billboards."[39] California Director of American Atheists Larry Hicock said that "Camping's well-intentioned rapture campaign is indicative of the problems with religion".[40]

Impact

Camping's prediction and his promotion of it via his radio network and other promotional means spread the prediction globally,[24] which led believers and non-believers to a variety of actions. Some followers of Camping gave up their jobs, sold their homes, stopped investing in their children's college funds and spent large sums promoting Camping's claims.[41]

On May 19, 2011, the search term "end of the world may 21st" reached second position on Google Trends, based on the popularity of the search term in the United States. The related searches "Harold Camping", "May 21 doomsday", and "May 21 rapture" were also represented among the top 10 positions.[42] The New York Police Department stated: "We don't plan any additional coverage for the end of the world. Indeed, if it happens, fewer officers will be required for streets that presumably will be empty."[43]

Information campaign

Vehicle in San Francisco proclaiming the Harold Camping prediction.

In 2010, Marie Exley of Colorado Springs made news by purchasing advertising space in her locality, promoting the alleged Rapture date on a number of park benches.[44] After that, "Judgment Day" billboards were erected at locations across the world, including in Ghana, the Dominican Republic, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Jamaica, the Philippines, Israel, Jordan and Lebanon.[45][46] Some people adorned their vehicles with the information.[47]

Family Radio spent over US$100 million on the information campaign, financed by sales and swap of broadcast outlets.[48] On October 27, 2010, they launched "Project Caravan". Five recreational vehicles announcing on their sides that Judgment Day was to begin on May 21, 2011 were sent out from their headquarters in Oakland, California, to Seattle, Washington. Upon arrival, teams were sent out to distribute tracts.[49] The caravan subsequently made stops in many states in the U.S.[50][51] and Canada.[52][53]

Many who believed in the prediction took time off work to prepare for the rapture.[54] Others spent their life savings on advertising material to publicise the prophecy.[54] One retired transportation agency worker from New York spent $140,000 on advertising.[54]

Reaction

Reaction from Harold Camping believers

A Spanish-language Family Radio sign in Denver predicting the end of the world on 21 May 2011.

About 5,000[24] ethnic Hmong gathered at a remote town in Vietnam's Muong Nhe District in Dien Bien Province in early May, where they planned to await the arrival of Christ. The Vietnamese government broke up the gathering and arrested some people, describing them as "extremists".[55] Pastor Doan Trung Tin indicated that a translated version of Camping's prediction had influenced about 300 of his parishioners to go to the assembly point, selling their belongings to be able to afford the journey via bus.[56] Many of the Hmong Christians who escaped arrest were reportedly forced into hiding after the gathering.[57]

A group of Christians in Milpitas, California offered a session to comfort those who had believed in the prophecy. Church deacon James Bynum told a local newspaper that "We are here because we care about these people. It's easy to mock them. But you can go kick puppies, too. But why?"[54]

Individual followers who had spent time and money promoting Camping's prediction were "crestfallen" after May 21 passed without evidence of the Rapture. A New York man commented "I was doing what I've been instructed to do through the Bible, but now I've been stymied. It's like getting slapped in the face."[58]

Reaction from Family Radio and Harold Camping

The weekend of May 21, the Family Radio headquarters was closed with a paper note in the window stating, "This office is closed. Sorry we missed you!"[59] The Family Radio network remained on the air during May 21 and May 22, mostly broadcasting its normal schedule of programming, but with no mention of the Rapture and without the usual replays of Harold Camping's Open Forum.

Camping briefly emerged from his home on May 22, saying that he was "flabbergasted" that the Rapture did not occur, that he was "looking for answers," and would say more when he returned to work on May 23.[60]

On May 23 he returned to his Open Forum radio program, with members of the press in attendance, and took questions after the program.[61] He stated that May 21 had been an "invisible judgment day" which was purely spiritual in nature, and that he now realizes that the physical Rapture will take place on October 21, simultaneously with the destruction of the universe. "We've always said May 21 was the day, but we didn't understand altogether the spiritual meaning," he said. "May 21 is the day that Christ came and put the world under judgment."[18] He offered no apology for his earlier interpretation and said that all of his predictions have actually been fulfilled: on May 21, 1988, judgment came upon the churches; on September 7, 1994, judgment continued on the churches; then on May 21, 2011, judgment came upon the entire world.[61]

He said the publicity campaign will not continue, explaining that since God's judgment has already occurred, there is no point in continuing to warn people about it.[62] He added, "We're not going to put up any more billboards — in fact they're coming down right now."[63] Responding to a question, Camping said his organization would not return money donated by followers to publicize the May 21 prediction, saying "We’re not at the end. Why would we return it?"[64]

A Family Radio staffer suggested that the delay might be God's way of separating true believers from those willing to doubt the "clear biblical warnings."[18]

Reaction from non-believers and protesters

In response to the prediction, more than 830,000 registered as attending a "Post Rapture Looting" event on facebook.[65][66] The group American Atheists sponsored billboards in several American cities declaring the Rapture to be "nonsense".[40] The group Seattle Atheists formed the Rapture Relief Fund which they said would be used "to help survivors of any Armageddon-sized disaster in the Puget Sound area";[67] since the Rapture failed to occur on May 21, the money will fund a camp that teaches children about science and critical thinking.[68]

On May 21, groups of protesters gathered at Family Radio's headquarters in Oakland to mock the evangelical broadcaster's failed prediction. One group released human-shaped helium balloons to simulate souls rising to heaven,[69][70] while another person played The Doors' song "The End" over a boombox.[71] Many atheist and secular groups in the United States hosted "Rapture parties" on May 21.[72]

Publications

Camping's writings that detail the timing of the end include:

  • Books
    • 1994? (1992) – predicts the End Times for September 1994
    • Time Has An End (2005) – discusses Camping's belief that 2011 is in all likelihood the end of the world
  • Booklets
    • Has the Era of the Church Age Come to an End? (2001) – advises that the Great Tribulation has begun and that Christians should "flee their churches"[73]
    • We Are Almost There! (2008) – contains all the information on how May 21, 2011, was deduced
  • Tracts
    • The End of the World is Almost Here! Holy God Will Bring Judgment on May 21, 2011 (2009)
    • God Gives Another Infallible Proof That Assures the Rapture Will Occur May 21, 2011 (2009)
    • No Man Knows the Day or the Hour? (2009)

See also

References

  1. ^ "Jesus Returning to Earth On May 21, 2011". Flashnews.com. 2010-07-30. Retrieved 2010-11-29.
  2. ^ "Prophets predict the end of the world to 2011 may 21". Wikinews. 2011-05-21. Retrieved 2011-05-21.
  3. ^ "May 21, 2011: Judgment Day believers descend on Joburg". The Daily Maverick. Retrieved 2010-11-29.
  4. ^ a b "May 21, 2011 - Judgment Day!; October 21, 2011 - The End of the World". Ebiblefellowship.com. 1988-05-21. Retrieved 2010-11-29.
  5. ^ "End of Days in May? Believers enter final stretch". Associated Press, cited at MSNBC. January 23, 2011. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
  6. ^ a b Amira, Dan (11 May 2011). "A Conversation With Harold Camping, Prophesier of Judgment Day". New York. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
  7. ^ Scocca : Countdown to Armageddon: Maybe the World Will End Friday Night (or Sunday Morning)
  8. ^ a b c "Judgment Day". Family Radio. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  9. ^ "May 21st, The New Christian Doomsday". ReliJournal. May 6, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
  10. ^ "Letter to Harold Camping (Family Radio) True Prophet or False?" (PDF). Retrieved May 10, 2011.
  11. ^ "Billboards Marking Jesus' Return in May 'Misguided,' Says NT Scholar". Retrieved May 10, 2011.
  12. ^ "End times theology: an insider's guide". Retrieved May 10, 2011.
  13. ^ Marianne Medlin (May 20 2011). "Catholic scholar dismantles May 21 Judgment Day claims". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved May 20, 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ Church Leaders Across Denominations Reflect on Camping's Prediction NBC29, May 17, 2011. Retrieved May 18, 2011.
  15. ^ Harold Camping found in Alameda [VIDEO] – International Business Times. May 22, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
  16. ^ McKinley, Jesse (2011). "Despite Careful Calculations, the World Does Not End". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 May 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  17. ^ EXCLUSIVE: Harold Camping to Speak Monday on Failed Prediction – International Business Times. May 22, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
  18. ^ a b c Radio host says Rapture actually coming in October – Globe and Mail. May 23, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
  19. ^ a b c d "The end-of-the-world FAQ sheet". San Francisco Chronicle. Cite error: The named reference "sfgate faq" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  20. ^ Frances Morton (May 8 2011). "Apocalypse soon, says US preacher". Retrieved May 20, 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ "New Zealand first to get Earthquake, says Camping". Retrieved May 20, 2011.
  22. ^ Garance Burke, "Radio host says Rapture actually coming in October," Associated Press, May 23, 2011, at [1].
  23. ^ a b "Doomsday campers Project Caravan say the world will end May 21". dailymail.co.uk. 8 March 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
  24. ^ a b c End of the world? How about a party instead?, Associated Press, quoted at MSNBC, May 18, 2011. Retrieved May 19, 2011
  25. ^ a b c Berton, Justin (1 January 2010). "Biblical scholar's date for rapture: May 21, 2011". sfgate.com. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  26. ^ a b Camping, Harold (1970). "The Biblical Calendar of History". Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation. 22. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  27. ^ Camping, Harold (2010). "We Are Almost There!" (PDF). Family Stations, Inc. pp. 44–63. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  28. ^ a b Countdown to Armageddon: Maybe the World Will End Friday Night (or Sunday Morning), Slate, May 7, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2011
  29. ^ Is The End Nigh? We'll Know Soon Enough, NPR, May 7, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2011
  30. ^ David S. Reynolds. "The end of the world is here ... again". Salon.com. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
  31. ^ "Apocalypse Soon: Christian Movement Says 5/21/11". CBS News. 2011-01-03. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
  32. ^ "No Man Knows The Day Or The Hour?". Familyradio.com. Retrieved 2010-11-29.
  33. ^ a b Kellner, Mark (May 21, 2002). "New Dispensation? Camping: 'Leave Church'". Christianity Today. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
  34. ^ Jackson, Wayne. "Harold Camping's New Revelation: "Leave the Church!"". Christian Courier. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
  35. ^ Skinner, Matthew L. (2011-03-27). "Apocalypse Now? A Christian Understanding of the End Times'". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
  36. ^ "Sinners, you have four days until Judgment Day. Are you prepared?". Vancouver Sun. 17 May 2011.
  37. ^ 10 unhealthy things to do before Armageddon Orange County Register, May 17, 2011. Retrieved May 18, 2011.
  38. ^ "About RaptureFail". May 21 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  39. ^ "Science explains the end of the world". On Faith, Washington Post. May 10, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
  40. ^ a b Middleton, RJ (2011-05-12). "Atheists Offer Doomsdayers a Party". NBC Bay Area. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
  41. ^ Stephanie Samuel (20 May 2011). "Rapture Prediction to Devastate Christians' Faith?". Christian News. Retrieved 2011-05-23.
  42. ^ "Google Trends: end of the world May 21st". Google.com. 2011-05-19. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
  43. ^ "New Yorkers Weigh In on Pending 'Apocalypse'". MyFoxNY. 19 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-20. - quote is on second video under the main one, approximately two-and-a-half minutes in.
  44. ^ "Bus bench ads on Christ's return funded by unemployed Springs woman". 38.833882;-104.821363: Colorado Springs Gazette. 2010-07-26. Retrieved 2010-11-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  45. ^ "May 21, 2011 Judgment Day and Rapture Billboards". Ebiblefellowship.com. Retrieved 2010-11-29.
  46. ^ Burke, Garance (22 May 2011). "Believers' reactions mixed to unfulfilled doomsday". MSNBC. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
  47. ^ "Examples of "Moving Billboards"". Ebiblefellowship.com. Retrieved 2010-11-29.
  48. ^ Goffard, Christopher (May 21, 2011). "Doomsday prediction: Harold Camping is at the heart of a mediapocalypse over his Doomsday prediction". Los Angeles Times. Oakland. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
  49. ^ "Project Caravan". Familyradio.com. Retrieved 2010-12-02.
  50. ^ "Entourage brings message of doom". Oroville Mercury-Register. 2010-11-30. Retrieved 2010-12-02.
  51. ^ Gross, Daniel (28 March 2011). "Judgment Day caravan spreads message on campus". The Towerlight. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
  52. ^ Postmedia News: "End of the world on May 21, billboard campaign proclaims", May 6, 2011.
  53. ^ Calgary Herald: "Caravan of calamity heralds world's end", May 15, 2011.
  54. ^ a b c d "'Rapture': Believers perplexed after prediction fails". BBC News. 22 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-22.
  55. ^ "Vietnam says 'extremists' detained after Hmong gathering; area still off limits to media". The Washington Post. 2011-05-13. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
  56. ^ "Vietnam protesters lured by doomsday cult". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
  57. ^ "Hundreds of Vietnam Hmong in hiding: Resident". Straits Times. Hanoi. May 21, 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
  58. ^ Radio host picks new date for world's end Associated Press, in Colorado Springs Gazette, May 24, 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2011
  59. ^ USA Today article: "Apocalypse some other time."
  60. ^ Kane, Will (May 22, 2011). "Harold Camping 'flabbergasted' world didn't end". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 22, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help).
  61. ^ a b Harold Camping Concludes Silence, Predicts October 21 Rapture The Christian Post, May 23, 2011. Retrieved May 24, 2011
  62. ^ Radio host picks new date for world's end Associated Press, in Colorado Springs Gazette, May 24, 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2011
  63. ^ Rapture Predictor Harold Camping: Apocalypse Rescheduled for October 21 Gawker, May 23, 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  64. ^ "An Autumn Date for the Apocalypse". The New York Times. May 23, 2011.
  65. ^ Facebook group page: "Post rapture looting."
  66. ^ Breen, Tom (18 May 2011). "End of the world? How about a party instead?". MSNBC. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
  67. ^ "Atheists Offer Post-Rapture Services". Christianpost.com. 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
  68. ^ "Seattle Atheists collect for "Rapture Relief Fund"". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 2011-05-13. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
  69. ^ "Video: Protesters mock 'end of world' church". The Daily Telegraph. 22 May 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
  70. ^ Pajamas Media: "Media Circus of Biblical Proportions at Armageddon HQ", May 21, 2011.
  71. ^ LA Times article: "In the end, rapture believers weren't going anywhere."
  72. ^ "'Rapture' apocalypse prediction sparks atheist reaction". BBC News. 2011-05-20. Retrieved 2011-05-20.
  73. ^ Has the Era of the Church Age Come to an End? thebibleonly.net

External links

External videos
video icon Doomsday: Earthquakes on May 21?, ABC News
video icon May 21st Doomsday Comes to New York, ABC News
video icon A 'View' of May 21st Doomsday, The View
video icon Doomsday Predicted This Weekend, MyFoxPhilly
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