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|country = Scotland
|country = Scotland
|official_name= Dunfermline
|official_name= Dunfermline
|gaelic_name= Dùn Phàrlain <ref name="Scottish Gaelic Placenames">{{cite web |last=Mac an Tàilleir |first=Ian |year=2003 |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |publisher=[[Scottish Parliament]] |page=19 |url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/language/gaelic/pdfs/placenamesC-E.pdf |title=Scottish Gaelic Placenames |accessdate=2011-04-13}}</ref>
|gaelic_name= Dùn Phàrlain <ref>[http://www.ainmean-aite.org/database.asp?intent=details&id=904/''Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba ~ Gaelic Place-names of Scotland'']</ref><ref name="Scottish Gaelic Placenames">{{cite web |last=Mac an Tàilleir |first=Ian |year=2003 |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |publisher=[[Scottish Parliament]] |page=19 |url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/language/gaelic/pdfs/placenamesC-E.pdf |title=Scottish Gaelic Placenames |accessdate=2011-04-13}}</ref>
|scots_name= Dunfermline
|scots_name= Dunfermline
|local_name= ''Auld Grey Toun'' <ref>[http://www.fife.50megs.com/scottish-places-known.htm Tours of Scotland, Nicknames of Scottish Towns and Cities], retrieved on 19 August 2008. ''Toun'' is a word in [[Scots language|Scots]] which can refer to any form of settlement from farm estate to burgh or city (see headword ''toun'' in [http://www.dsl.ac.uk/ Scots National Dictionary]) and the reference occurs most famously in the ballad [[Sir Patrick Spens]]: ''The king sits in Dunfermline Toun,/ Drinking the blude-reid wine...''</ref>
|local_name= ''Auld Grey Toun'' <ref>[http://www.fife.50megs.com/scottish-places-known.htm Tours of Scotland, Nicknames of Scottish Towns and Cities], retrieved on 19 August 2008. ''Toun'' is a word in [[Scots language|Scots]] which can refer to any form of settlement from farm estate to burgh or city (see headword ''toun'' in [http://www.dsl.ac.uk/ Scots National Dictionary]) and the reference occurs most famously in the ballad [[Sir Patrick Spens]]: ''The king sits in Dunfermline Toun,/ Drinking the blude-reid wine...''</ref>

Revision as of 13:19, 15 June 2011

Dunfermline
Images of Dunfermline
Area7.07 sq mi (18.3 km2)
Population46,430 [4]
• Density1,498/sq mi (578/km2) [5]
OS grid referenceNT105875
Council area
Lieutenancy area
CountryScotland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townDUNFERMLINE
Postcode districtKY11, KY12
Dialling code01383
PoliceScotland
FireScottish
AmbulanceScottish
UK Parliament
Scottish Parliament
List of places
UK
Scotland

Dunfermline (listenⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phàrlain) is a large town in Fife, Scotland, located on high ground 3 miles (4.8 km) from the northern shore of the Firth of Forth. It is a former capital of Scotland, having been historically a seat of the kingdom's Royal Court and an important ecclesiastical centre. Its abbey is the burial place for many in the country's line of monarchs including Robert I and Saint Margaret.

Dunfermline lies on the northern spur of the Fife Circle rail line and the intersection of the M90 and A92, giving it strong links to the Central Scotland Transport Network. Traditional industries have included textiles, engineering, defence and electronics. In recent years the economy has diversified once more into the service sectors, including tourism. According to an estimate taken in 2008, Dunfermline has a population of 46,430, making it the second-largest settlement in Fife. The wider Dunfermline conurbation which includes Rosyth, Inverkeithing and North Queensferry has an overall population of 78,550.

The ruins of Dunfermline's original abbey infrastructure are an important tourist attraction for the town. They include the remains of the Royal Palace of Dunfermline, birthplace of Charles I. The poet Robert Henryson, one of Scotland's major literary figures, was also associated with the abbey.

Since the early 20th century, the most famous "son" of Dunfermline has been the wealthy industrialist, businessman, and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. He was the central figure in promoting its early 20th-century urban renewal, and his financial legacy is still of major importance.

Today, the town serves as a major service centre for the west Fife area. Dunfermline is home to three museums, two theatres, large public parks (Pittencrieff and St. Margaret's), a swimming pool and sports centre, three golf courses, major shopping facilities and a regional leisure park which includes a multiplex cinema, a ten-pin bowling alley and a variety of restaurants. The Carnegie College is based in the town with its main campus at Halbeath. Employment is focused in the service sector, with the largest employer being BSKYB. Other large employers in the town include HBOS (finance), Taylor Wimpey (housebuilder), Dunfermline Building Society (finance) and CR Smith (window manufacturers).

History

Main articles: History of Dunfermline, Dunfermline Abbey, Malcolm's Tower, and Dunfermline Palace

The first historical record for settlement in Dunfermline was around 506 AD as a centre for the Culdee faith. The first recorded name "Dunfermelitane" followed in 1128 by David II and the form officially adopted as "Dunfermline" in 1609.[6]

Dunfermline's historic core

Malcolm III established Dunfermline as a new seat for royal power in the mid-11th century and initiated changes that eventually made the township the de facto capital of Scotland for much of the period until the assassination of James I in 1437.[7] Malcolm's second Queen, the Saxo-Hungarian princess Margaret, was instrumental in this transformation, persuading her husband to establish a Benedictine priory in the new royal centre.[7][8][9][10] This foundation, which in 1128 became Dunfermline Abbey, eventually replaced the long established Culdee church there and played a major role in the general romanisation of religion throughout the kingdom. At the peak of its power the abbey controlled four burghs, three courts of regality and a large portfolio of lands from Moray in the north down into Berwickshire.[7] The royal palace was also connected to the abbey and the first known documentation of the Auld Alliance was signed there on 23 October 1295.

Dunfermline was first credited as a "menus burgh" by David II with evidence suggesting that burgh of barony status was bestowed between 1124 and 1147.[11] Royal burgh status was then granted by James VI in 1588.[8][12] Unfortunately, the Union of the Crowns soon ended the town's royal connections when James VI relocated the Scottish Court to London in 1603.[8][9] The Reformation of 1560 had previously meant a loss of the Dunfermline's ecclesiastical importance. In 1624 a major fire left a large part of the medieval-renaissance burgh in ruin. Some of the surviving buildings of the fire were the palace, the abbey and the Abbot's House.[7][8][13]

St Leonard's warehouse, now converted into flats

Although the town "impressed" Daniel Defoe as showing the "full perfection of decay", it was in fact beginning to recover a little of its former prosperity in the 18th century. James Blake's introduction of the weaving of fine damask linen in 1718 led to the town becoming the world's leading producer.[8][9][12][14] The most imposing of the linen damask factories was St Leonard's Mill which was established by Erskine Beveridge in 1851. A warehouse and office block was later added around 1869. Other linen factories were built on land to both the north and south ends of the burgh.[15] During the mid-19th century, powerloom weaving started to replace linen damask. The latter did not survive, going into decline straight after the end of First World War.[8] The establishment of Scotland's only Royal Navy Dockland in neighbouring Rosyth in 1909, boosted by two world wars, led to further growth in the town becoming the area's only major employer.[8][9]

Post-war housing began in the late 1940s with the construction of temporary prefabs and Swedish timber houses around areas such as Kingseat and Townhill. Additional provisions were made for electricity, water and sewage systems. Council housing was focused towards Abbeyview, on a 240-acre (97 ha) site on Aberdour Road; Touch, to the south of Garvock Hill; Bellyeoman and Baldridgeburn. Private housing became focused to the north of Garvock Hill and on the site of West Pitcorthie Farm.[16]

Today Dunfermline is the main centre for the West Fife area. The town is home to shopping facilities, a major public park, a main college campus at Halbeath and an-out-of-town leisure park with a multiplex cinema and a number of restaurants. The internet onliner, Amazon.com is currently constructing a distribution centre in the Duloch park area of Dunfermline.

Governance

City Chambers

Dunfermline obtained royal burgh status until this was abolished in 1975, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 in favour of a three-tier regions and districts. The royal burgh merged into Dunfermline District, which was one of three districts within the Fife region serving the town and West Fife from Kincardine to Aberdour.[17]. The district council was abolished in 1996, under the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994,[18] when the region became a unitary council area. The new unitary Fife Council, adopted the areas of the former districts as council management areas, and created area committees to represent each.

Today, Dunfermline is represented by several tiers of elected government. Abbeyview, Bellyeoman, Carnock and Gowkhall, Central Dunfermline, Izaat Avenue & Nethertown and Touch and Garvock Community Councils form the lowest tier of governance whose statutory role is to communicate local opinion to local and central government.[19] Fife Council, the unitary local authority for Dunfermline is based in Glenrothes who are the executive, deliberative and legislative body responsible for local governance.[20] Dunfermline has retained some importance as an administrative centre with the Council's principle west Fife office based at New City House. Councillor meetings, including the City of Dunfermline Area Committee, take place in the Dunfermline City Chambers.

Dunfermline forms part of the county constituency of Dunfermline and West Fife. The Dunfermline and West Fife UK (or Westminster) constituency, created in 2005 when the previous seats Dunfermline East and Dunfermline West were abolished, elects a Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the first past the post system. The seat was won at the 2010 general election by Thomas Docherty of the Labour Party.[21] Previously, the seat had been held by Willie Rennie for the Liberal Democrats since the Dunfermline and West Fife by-election in 2006. For the purposes of the Scottish Parliament, Dunfermline falls within two Scottish Parliament (or Holyrood) Constituencies; the Dunfermline West constituency and the Dunfermline East constituency.[needs update] The constituencies, created in 1999, are two of nine within the Mid Scotland and Fife electoral region. Each constituency elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the first past the post system of election. The Dunfermline West constituency is represented by Jim Tolson for the Liberal Democrats.[22] The Dunfermline East constituency is represented by Helen Eadie for the Scottish Labour party. Following a review of the review of Scottish Parliament constituency boundaries, the seats of Dunfermline East, and West, will be merged into a single Dunfermline constituency. Cowdenbeath will be moved from Dunfermline East into a new Cowdenbeath seat.[23]

At EU level, Dunfermline is part of the pan-Scotland European Parliament constituency which elects seven Members of the European Parliament (MEP)s using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.[24] Currently, Scotland returns two Labour MEPs, two Conservative and Unionist MEPs, two SNP MEPs and one Liberal Democrat MEP, to the European Parliament.[24]

Demographics

Dunfermline compared according to UK Census 2001[25][26][27][28]
Dunfermline Fife Scotland
Total population 39,229 349,429 5,062,011
Foreign born 1.71% 1.18% 1.10%
Over 75 years old 6.96% 7.46% 7.09%
Unemployed 4.21% 3.97% 4.0%

According to the 2001 census, Dunfermline had a total population of 39,229.[25] The population of Dunfermline is estimated to have grown to around 46,430 in 2008.[4] The Dunfermline conurbation which includes adjacent towns and villages such as Rosyth, Dalgety Bay and North Queensferry has a population of 78,500.[4][29] The demographic make-up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland. The age group from 30 to 44 forms the largest portion of the population (23%).[25] The median age of males and females living in Dunfermline was 36 and 39 years respectively, compared to 37 and 39 years for those in the whole of Scotland.[25]

The place of birth of the town's residents was 96.99% United Kingdom (including 87.02% from Scotland), 0.25% Republic of Ireland, 1.06% from other European Union countries, and 1.71% from elsewhere in the world.[25] The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 46.65% in full-time employment, 12.54% in part-time employment, 4.51% self-employed, 4.21% unemployed, 2.75% students with jobs, 2.11% students without jobs, 13.57% retired, 4.92% looking after home or family, 5.97% permanently sick or disabled, and 2.78% economically inactive for other reasons.[27]

Dunfermline seen from the town's eastern expansion area. The chimney stacks at Grangemouth and Longanett can be seen in the distance.
Panorama of Dunfermline seen from the town's eastern expansion area

Economy

Traditionally, industry in Dunfermline was concentrated to the north of the town centre with textiles being particularly important to the town's economy. Following the two world wars, Dunfermline's traditional industries declined. However a number of new engineering, defence and electronics companies developed in the town in industrial estates located in the south at Pitreavie, and to the west at Elgin Street. After the end of the Second World War traditional industries, particularly linen and coal mining became obsolete in the town and many factories ceased production. Manufacturing in the town rejuvenated by the early 1960s when Monotype Corporation opened a new factory in Halbeath.[30] The completion of the Pitreavie Industrial Estate (now known as the Pitreavie Business Park) opened in the mid-1970s, following the arrival of Philips and the re-location of the offices of the Dunfermline Press. Smaller industrial estates were focused on Dickson Street, Halbeath Drive and Primrose Lane.[30]

A number of new engineering, defence and electronics companies developed in the town in industrial estates located in the south at Pitreavie, and to the west at Elgin Street. In more recent times the economy has begun to diversify into the service sectors, including tourism.[31] Major employment is also generated from the numerous offices located at the Carnegie Campus in the south of the town including BSKYB, HBOS and the Dunfermline Building Society.[31]

The Dunfermline area's economy in 2009 was largely made up by jobs in the financial and business and personal service sectors. There are also moderate instances of retailing and distribution, manufacturing and construction sector employment. Unemployment levels were recorded below the Scottish average at 3.4% in 2001. The Dunfermline area has Fife's second largest concentration of employment providing approximately 28,000 jobs in 2009.[31] Employment in Dunfermline is largely concentrated in the town centre and in peripheral industrial estates and business parks.

Online retailer, Amazon.com is constructing a new 850,000 sq ft (79,000 m2) distribution centre on development land between the A92 and M90 by the end of 2011. This is expected to create over 750 jobs and will become their largest warehouse in the UK.[32][33] The Newcastle based, Shepherd Offshore Group also plan to erect a renewables hub near the Halbeath Interchange, off the M90 on a 15 acre former Hyndai/Motorola 'white elephant' factory.[34][35] The demolition of the factory began in April 2011 with an expected date for completion at the end of the year. A masterplan for the site will be drawn up in August 2011, potentially creating up to 2000 jobs.[34]

Dunfermline is the sub-regional shopping centre serving West Fife.[36] The Kingsgate Shopping Centre at the heart of the town's main pedestrianised High Street is a main retail destination within Fife.[37][38] A £50 million extension of the Kingsgate Shopping Centre to the east of the existing centre between James Street and Market Street which increased retail space to around 370,000 sq ft (34,360 sq m) was completed in August 2008.[37][38] To the north of the centre, adjacent to the Kingsgate shopping centre is the Carnegie Drive Retail Park where a number of warehouse store retailers are located. Major shopping facilities are also provided at the Halbeath Retail Park to the east of the town. The Fife Leisure Park, constructed in 1999, extends to 35 acres on a highly visible and stragetic site at Junction 3 of the M90 to the east of Dunfermline. Tenants within the leisure park include a cinema, a health club, bowling alley and a number of restaurants.[39]

Landmarks and notable buildings

Dunfermline Palace and Abbey

The Category A[40] listed Guildhall on the High Street, designed by Archibald Elliot and first erected in 1807.[41][42] A steeple was later added between 1810 and 1811.[42] Initially, the Guildhall had been built for Dunfermline to become the county headquarters of Fife, before a decision was made to choose Cupar instead. Since then, the building has had several functions such as a police station, courthouse and even a jobcentre.[42] The steeple on the Guildhall has been regarded as a local landmark.[40] At the corner of Bridge Street and the High Street, is the Category A[43] Dunfermline City Chambers first built between 1879 and 1881 in a blend of French, Gothic and Scots baronial styles.[44]

To the south of the High Street, on the Kirkgate, lies the historic Dunfermline Abbey which is considered to be one of the best examples of Scoto-Norman monastic architecture.[45][46] Only the incomplete and much altered nave from the medieval church survives.[45] Despite much of the monastic buildings being destroyed by the troops of Edward I in 1303, there are substantial remains with the lower stories of the dormitory and latrine blocks on the east side of the cloister being the earliest surviving parts, dating back to the early 13th century.[46][47] The eastern section of the abbey was re-built as a parish church between 1818 and 1821.[46] The abbey graveyard has also been the burial site of many of Scotland's Kings and Queens such as David I, Malcolm IV and in particular, Robert The Bruce.

To the north of the abbey, situated on the corner of the May Gate and Abbot Street is the Category A[48] Abbot House.[44] This is said to partially date from around 1450.[49] Owned and operated by Dunfermline Carnegie Trust, the building is now an award-winning heritage centre which was opened in 1995.[41][44][49] Along Abbot Street, the first Carnegie Library in the world, the Category B[50] listed Dunfermline Carnegie Library, was built between 1881 and 1883.[51]

On the east side of Moodie Street is Andrew Carnegie's birthplace, close to the junction with Priory Lane and St Margaret's Street.[52] The Category B[53] listed cottage from the early 18th century is now one of the only examples left to have been built for the employees of hand loom weavers in the town.[52][54] A memorial hall was added in 1928 to adjoin the cottage.[52] Today, this operates as a birthplace museum for the town's most famous son.[52][54]

On Bothwell Street is the Category B[55] listed Bothwell Street Viaduct, built between 1874 and 1877, as a sandstone bridge by R Young and Son to carry the Edinburgh to Dunfermline Railway over the Bothwell Gardens Roundabout.[56][57] To the south of the viaduct, is Category B[58] listed St Leonard's Church and round tower, on Brucefield Avenue, built between 1903 and 1904.[59][60] The round tower with a conical roof is considered to be a landmark.[59][60] On the east side of Bothwell Street is the Category B[61] listed former warehouse of the St Leonard's Works which date from around 1869.[62][63] The warehouse is the only surviving part of the St Leonard's Works, which was the first power-loom factory to be built in Dunfermline in 1851 and became the largest linen damask factory in Europe by the 1880s.[62]

Pittencrieff House Museum

To the west of Dunfermline, close to the village of Crossford is the Category A[64] listed Pitfirrane Castle, once the seat of the Halkett family.[65][66] The majority of the castle dates from the 16th century including the plain rectangular tower.[67] The castle and estate were purchased by the Dunfermline Carnegie Trust in 1951 and this has become the clubhouse for Dunfermline golf course.[66]

To the south of Dunfermline is the Category A[68] L-plan Hill House built in 1623 for William Monteith of Randford as a lairds' house.[69][70] The Category A[71] listed Pitreavie Castle is close to the southern end of the dual carriageway between the town and Rosyth.[66] This was built in 1631 as a fortified manor by Sir Hendry Wardlaw.[66] The castle has since been converted into luxury flats.[72] To the south-west of Dunfermline is the Category A[73] listed three-storey Logie House, built for the Hunt family.[74]

Culture

The town's most famous son is Andrew Carnegie. A museum dedicated to the life and work of Andrew Carnegie is located on the southern gateway of the town centre. The museum also runs annual heritage walks every summer.[75] Many of his donations to the town such as the Carnegie Swimming Baths (now the Carnegie Leisure Centre), the Carnegie Library and particularly, Pittencrieff Park were all intended to "bring into the monotonous lives of the toiling masses of Dunfermline more sweetness and light".[9][41] Andrew Carnegie House which is located on the edge of Pittencrieff Park has served as the headquarters of the Dunfermline Carnegie Trust; the Carnegie Hero Fund; the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland and the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust since the completion of the building in 2008.[76]

A new £10 million Dunfermline Museum and Art Gallery is to be built on land between the existing Carnegie library building and an adjacent disused Victorian bank.[77][78] Fife Council have pledged £6.8 million towards the project with a further £2.8 million of the costs being met by the Heritage Lottery Fund. Both the library and former bank buildings will be redeveloped with a new extension creating a substantial development which will include the museum, art gallery, archive and library space.[78] A section of the Victorian bank facade will be demolished and then rebuilt as a giant pivoting door to act as an entrance.[79] The work is expected to start by award-winning Edinburgh-based Richard Murphy Architects in 2012.[78]

Dunfermline has also been bequeathed two theatres, Carnegie Hall on East Port and the Alhambra on Canmore Street. Carnegie Hall which was built between 1933 and 1937, is a 540-seat theatre complete with a restaurant and adjacent music institute.[80] The Alhambra which was opened in 1922, claims to have one of the largest stages and seat capacities in Scotland.[81]

East End Park, the home of Dunfermline Athletic FC

Local groups include the Dunfermline Folk Club, Dunfermline Abbey Choir and Dunfermline district pipe band. Live Music Venues also have had a strong prominence in Dunfermline with the likes of 'The Kinema Ballroom' (now known as 'Velocity') Montys and PJ Molloys. Many night clubs are also present such as Harlem, Johnson's, Life and Lourenzo's (Formerly Urban) and are mainly concentrated around the town centre.[82] 'Velocity' (previously known as 'The Kinema Ballroom', 'Night Magic', 'Hollywood Boulevard & 'The Ballroom') still serves as both a live music venue (with an illustous history of over 1100 artists and bands performing over 10,000 dates in more than 70 years) and as a nightclub. In terms of popular music, Dunfermline is home to bands such as The Skids, Big Country and Nazareth.[83]

Dunfermline is home to professional teams in football, rugby and cricket.[84] The senior football team, Dunfermline Athletic play their games at East End Park in the Scottish Premier League.[85] The team have became famous for winning the Scottish Cup twice in the 1960s (1961 and 1968) gaining a reputation as a side for competitive football in both England and mainland Europe.[84] The senior rugby team, Dunfermline RFC play their games at McKane Park in the BT Premiership Division Three.[84][86]

There is also a cricket club based at Carnegie Cricket Ground, an athletics ground at Pitreavie and three golf courses (Dunfermline, Canmore and Pitreavie).[84] Carnegie Leisure Centre which is located in the town centre serves as the main sports centre. Currently, the centre is undergoing a £18 million refurbishment which is expected to be completed by summer 2011.[87]

Education

Today, Dunfermline has four secondary schools and twelve primary schools.[88][89] Other educational facilities include a private school and a school for children with learning difficulties.

Dunfermline High School was the main school in the town, until the introduction of the Comprehensive System in 1974.[90] Today, the school serves both the southern and western parts of the town along with neighbouring Rosyth and Kincardine.[91] A new £40 million Dunfermline High School, to be built in three phases, on the school's playing fields is set for completion by August 2012.[92][93] Once the new building is occupied, the old school is expected to be demolished for new playing fields in 2013.[93] Queen Anne High School is located in Wellwood towards the northwest area of the town. Woodmill High School serves the eastern side of the town and the villages of Crombie, Limeklins and North Queensferry.[94] St Columba's High School which opened in 1969 is one of two Roman Catholic Secondary Schools in Fife. The school caters for pupils living in West Fife from Kincardine in the west to Cowdenbeath in the east.[90]

Carnegie College, formerly known as Lauder College, is a college located in the town. The college is a partner and has links with Dunfermline Business Centre.[90] The College provides Further Education qualification courses catering to over 10,000 students annually. The college has particular specialisms in Business, Technology, Creative Arts and Construction courses.[95]

Public Services

Waste management is handled by the local authority, Fife Council. There is a kerbside recycling scheme in operation in the town. A three-bin collection is in place for the majority of residents living within Fife.[96] Dunfermline has one recycling centre and several recycling points, all operated by the local authority, Fife Council.[97][98] The range of items which are accepted include cardboard, paper, gas bottles, glass, fridges and freezers, small electrical appliances and vehicle oil.[97] Non-hazardous waste is sent to landfill at Lochhead, near the town and Lower Melville Wood, near Ladybank.[99]

Healthcare is supplied by NHS Fife who have their headquarters at Hayfield House in Kirkcaldy. The Queen Margaret Hospital, Dunfermline serves as the accident and emergency hospital in the town.[100]

Statutory emergency fire and rescue service in the town is provided by the Fife Fire and Rescue Service. The nearest station is at the Pitreavie Industrial Estate.[101] Home office policing in Dunfermline is operated by Fife Constabulary. The headquarters of the Dunfermline area is on 2 Holyrood Place, close to the city centre.[102] Dunfermline is also served under the East Central Region which covers Tayside, Forth Valley and the Kingdom of Fife of the Scottish Ambulance Service.[103] There are two ambulance stations in the town; one on Keir Hardie Terrcae and the other at the Queen Margaret Hospital on Whitefield Road.[104]

Transport

Dunfermline Town Railway Station

Dunfermline is served by the A907 which meets the M90 and A92 to the east of the town at Halbeath Interchange. This connects the town to Perth to the north, Edinburgh to the south and Kirkcaldy to the east. The main routes through the town are Halbeath Road and Carnegie Drive (A907) from east to west.[105]

The main bus terminus is located on a site to the north of the town centre which provides seating, toilets and a cafe.[106] Two railway stations serve the town – Dunfermline Town to the south of the town centre and Dunfermline Queen Margaret to the east of the town close to Queen Margaret Hospital.[107][108] Nearby stations also exist at Rosyth, Inverkeithing and Dalgety Bay to the south of the town.

The nearest major international airport to Dunfermline is Edinburgh Airport, 13 miles (21 km) miles south of Dunfermline. Smaller municipal airports are also located nearby at Glenrothes 18 miles (29 km), Cumbernauld 25 miles (40 km) and Perth 32 miles (51 km).

A continental ferry service, operated by Norfolkline, runs from a terminal at nearby Rosyth.[109]

Notable people

Andrew Carnegie

Dunfermline's most famous son is the entrepreneur and philanthropist, Andrew Carnegie who was born in the town in 1835. Among the gifts he gave to his hometown, include a free library and public baths. Most important of all, was the donation of Pittencrieff Glen which he had purchased in 1903 to be converted into Pittencrieff Park.

Historic figures associated with the town include Charles I, the King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1625 until his execution in 1649 was born in Dunfermline Palace; James VI and I, the King of England, Scotland and Ireland and his wife, Anne of Denmark, the daughter of Frederick II of Denmark lived in the town until 1603 [110] and John Forbes, a general in the French and Indian War who liberated Fort Duquesne and established Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States was brought up in Pittencrieff House (now part of Pittencrieff Park). In popular culture, the singer Barbara Dickson; Dan McCafferty and Peter Agnew from the Scottish rock band Nazareth; Ian Anderson the singer of the British progressive rock band Jethro Tull and Moira Shearer, ballerina and actress[111] were all born in the town. Manny Charlton the producer of Nazareth emigrated to the town with his family in the 1960s and Stuart Adamson, rock guitarist with the Skids and frontman with Big Country was brought up in nearby Crossgates.[112] In literature, the critically acclaimed author, Iain Banks; poet and novelist, John Burnside; Robert Gilfillan and Robert Henryson who wrote about life in the royal burgh in the 15th century have connections. In Sport, Harry Lind of Dunfermline RFC who was capped sixteen times for the Scotland national rugby team and Jim Greenwood who played for Dunfermline RFC, Scotland and British and Irish Lions come from the town. Billy Liddell who played his entire career with Liverpool F.C. was born in nearby Townhill.[113]

Twin cities

References

Notes

  1. ^ Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba ~ Gaelic Place-names of Scotland
  2. ^ Mac an Tàilleir, Ian (2003). "Scottish Gaelic Placenames" (PDF). Scottish Parliament. p. 19. Retrieved 2011-04-13.
  3. ^ Tours of Scotland, Nicknames of Scottish Towns and Cities, retrieved on 19 August 2008. Toun is a word in Scots which can refer to any form of settlement from farm estate to burgh or city (see headword toun in Scots National Dictionary) and the reference occurs most famously in the ballad Sir Patrick Spens: The king sits in Dunfermline Toun,/ Drinking the blude-reid wine...
  4. ^ a b c "Mid-2008 Population Estimates – Localities in order of size". General Register Office for Scotland. 2008. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
  5. ^ "Demographic info on Dunfermline, NHS Fife" (PDF). Retrieved on 6 August 2008
  6. ^ Durie A Century of Dunfermline pp11–13
  7. ^ a b c d Lamont-Brown Fife in History and Legend pp.178–180.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Pride Kingdom of Fife pp.8–10.
  9. ^ a b c d e Hendrie Old Dunfermline p.3.
  10. ^ Civic Society, Kirkcaldy A History and Celebration p. 12.
  11. ^ Omand The Fife Book p.136.
  12. ^ a b Lamont-Brown Fife in History and Legend p.186.
  13. ^ Durie A Century of Dunfermline pp.16–17.
  14. ^ Omand The Fife Book pp.188–189.
  15. ^ Simpson The Auld Grey Toun - Dunfermline in the time of Andrew Carnegie 1835-1919 p.85.
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Bibliography

  • Durie, Bruce (2002). A Century of Dunfermline. WHSmith. ISBN 075093137X.
  • Hendrie, William F. (2002). Old Dunfermline. Stenlake Publishing. ISBN 1840331941.
  • Lamont-Brown, Raymond (2002). Fife in History and Legend.
  • Pride, Glen L. (1999). The Kingdom of Fife (2nd edition ed.). ISBN 1873190492. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
  • McEwan, Bert (2004). Dunfermline The Post-War Years.
  • Omand, Donald (2000). The Fife Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. ISBN 1841582743.
  • Dunfermline Carnegie Trust (1998). Our Heritage.
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