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'''Khatun''' ({{lang-fa|خاتون}} – ''<u>Kh</u>ātūn'', {{lang-tr|Hatun}}) is a female title of nobility and alternative to male "[[Khan (title)|khan]]" prominently used in the [[Göktürks|First Turkic Empire]] and in the subsequent [[Mongol Empire]]. It is equivalent to "[[queen regnant|queen]]" or "[[empress]]" approximately. |
'''Khatun''' ({{lang-fa|خاتون}} – ''<u>Kh</u>ātūn'', {{lang-tr|Hatun}}) is a female title of nobility and alternative to male "[[Khan (title)|khan]]" prominently used in the [[Göktürks|First Turkic Empire]] and in the subsequent [[Mongol Empire]]. It is equivalent to "[[queen regnant|queen]]" or "[[empress]]" approximately. There are several explanations for the name: |
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Pokrovsкaja,<ref>Pokrovskaja in: Институт языкознания (Академия наук СССР), Е. И Убрятова, [http://books.google.de/books?id=BTFXAAAAMAAJ Историческое развитие лексики тюркских языков], Изд-во Академии наук СССР, 1961, p.58</ref> having traced the historical development of the word in the Turkic languages, points out that "''Khadum/khatun''" is known to the majority of modern Turkic languages. It also occurs in many manuscripts: "''qatun''" 'lady (princess)'; "''xsatun''" 'a wife of the noble man'. Thus, in old Turkic manuscripts two phonetic variations of the word {''qatun and xsatun'') have been recorded. The word "''<u>Kh</u>ātūn/Hatun''" is differentiated little in its meaning throughout all Turkic languages — 'woman, wife'. True enough, in the Yakut language the word "''khotun''", apart from the range of focal meanings — 'mistress, wife, lady'. |
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Сlauson<ref>G. Clauson, An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish, Oxford. Ai the Clarendon Press, 1972, p.602</ref> considers "''xa:tun''" as borrowed from [[Sogdian language|Sogdian]] "''xwat'yn''" (''xwateen''), in Sogdian xwat'y ('landlord, sovereign') and "''xwat'yn''" ('a landlord's or a sovereign's wife'); it is the precise wife'; it is the precise meaning of "''xat:un''" in the early period; cf. [[Persian language|Pers]]. "''khatun''" with the same meaning and the [[Mongolian language|Mong]]. "''khatun''" ('lady, noble woman, princess'); [[Buryat language|Bur]]. "''khatan''" 'lady, princess, tsarina'. On the Mongolian maps of the 18th century the following place-names are recorded: ''Qatun ajula'' (mountain), ''Qatun bula-y'' (river). ''Qatun car''/ an (mountain), ''Qatun ohm'' (ford). ''Qatun''/ (river), ''Qatun qorxryan'', ''Qatun tayiga''. There are other interpretations of the river-name, e.g. |
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{{cquote|''Khatun [is] a title of Sogdian origin borne by the wives and female relatives of the [[Ashina|T'u-chüeh]] and subsequent Turkish rulers''.}} |
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Murzaev,<ref>E. M. Murzajev, Tsentralnoasiatskie toponimia e skie miniatjury, in: Toponimika Vostoka. Novye isslcdovanija. Moskva 1964, p.10</ref> pointing to the widespread use of the word Katun' in Siberian place-names, comes to the conclusion that "'the second, now-vanished, meaning of the old Turkic word ''katyn-khatan'' is 'a river'. |
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==Notable Khatuns== |
==Notable Khatuns== |
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* [[Bulugan]] |
* [[Bulugan]] |
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* [[Mandukhai Khatun]] |
* [[Mandukhai Khatun]] |
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==Footnotes== |
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{{Reflist|1}} |
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*Polskie Towarzystwo Orientalistyczne, Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Nauk Orientalistycznych: [http://books.google.de/books?id=dFZtAAAAMAAJ Rocznik orientalistyczny, Vol. 51-52, Państwowe Wydawn. Naukowe., 1998, p.144] |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [[Khanum]] |
* [[Khanum]] |
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* [[List of Mongol Khatuns]] |
* [[List of Mongol Khatuns]] |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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{{Mongol Empire}} |
{{Mongol Empire}} |
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Revision as of 15:10, 16 August 2012
Khatun (Persian: خاتون – Khātūn, Turkish: Hatun) is a female title of nobility and alternative to male "khan" prominently used in the First Turkic Empire and in the subsequent Mongol Empire. It is equivalent to "queen" or "empress" approximately. There are several explanations for the name:
Pokrovsкaja,[1] having traced the historical development of the word in the Turkic languages, points out that "Khadum/khatun" is known to the majority of modern Turkic languages. It also occurs in many manuscripts: "qatun" 'lady (princess)'; "xsatun" 'a wife of the noble man'. Thus, in old Turkic manuscripts two phonetic variations of the word {qatun and xsatun) have been recorded. The word "Khātūn/Hatun" is differentiated little in its meaning throughout all Turkic languages — 'woman, wife'. True enough, in the Yakut language the word "khotun", apart from the range of focal meanings — 'mistress, wife, lady'.
Сlauson[2] considers "xa:tun" as borrowed from Sogdian "xwat'yn" (xwateen), in Sogdian xwat'y ('landlord, sovereign') and "xwat'yn" ('a landlord's or a sovereign's wife'); it is the precise wife'; it is the precise meaning of "xat:un" in the early period; cf. Pers. "khatun" with the same meaning and the Mong. "khatun" ('lady, noble woman, princess'); Bur. "khatan" 'lady, princess, tsarina'. On the Mongolian maps of the 18th century the following place-names are recorded: Qatun ajula (mountain), Qatun bula-y (river). Qatun car/ an (mountain), Qatun ohm (ford). Qatun/ (river), Qatun qorxryan, Qatun tayiga. There are other interpretations of the river-name, e.g.
Murzaev,[3] pointing to the widespread use of the word Katun' in Siberian place-names, comes to the conclusion that "'the second, now-vanished, meaning of the old Turkic word katyn-khatan is 'a river'.
Before the advent of Islam in Central Asia, Khatun was the title of the Queen of Bukhara.
Notable Khatuns
Footnotes
- ^ Pokrovskaja in: Институт языкознания (Академия наук СССР), Е. И Убрятова, Историческое развитие лексики тюркских языков, Изд-во Академии наук СССР, 1961, p.58
- ^ G. Clauson, An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish, Oxford. Ai the Clarendon Press, 1972, p.602
- ^ E. M. Murzajev, Tsentralnoasiatskie toponimia e skie miniatjury, in: Toponimika Vostoka. Novye isslcdovanija. Moskva 1964, p.10
References
- Polskie Towarzystwo Orientalistyczne, Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Nauk Orientalistycznych: Rocznik orientalistyczny, Vol. 51-52, Państwowe Wydawn. Naukowe., 1998, p.144