Environmental philosophy: Difference between revisions
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==Contemporary Issues== |
==Contemporary Issues== |
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*Overfished oceans<ref>{{cite web | title =Environmental Ethics | url = http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-environmental/ | accessdate = 2012-11-05}}</ref> |
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*Overfished oceans |
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*Pesticides in ground and water |
*Pesticides in ground and water |
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*Ozone holes |
*Ozone holes |
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===Deep Ecology Movement=== |
===Deep Ecology Movement=== |
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In 1984, George Sessions and [[Arne Naess]] articulated the principles of the new Deep Ecology Movement. |
In 1984, George Sessions and [[Arne Naess]] articulated the principles of the new Deep Ecology Movement.<ref>Drengson,Inoue, 1995. "The Deep Ecology Movement," North Atlantic Books, Berkley, California.</ref> |
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These basic principles: |
These basic principles: |
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*The well-being and flourishing of human and non human life have value |
*The well-being and flourishing of human and non human life have value |
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*Zimmerman, Michael E., J. Baird Callicott, George Sessions, Karen J. Warren, John Clark. 1993. ''Environmental Philosophy: From Animal Rights to Radical Ecology,'' Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632 isbn = 0-13-666959-X |
*Zimmerman, Michael E., J. Baird Callicott, George Sessions, Karen J. Warren, John Clark. 1993. ''Environmental Philosophy: From Animal Rights to Radical Ecology,'' Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632 isbn = 0-13-666959-X |
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*Weston, 1999. "An Invitation to Environmental Philosophy," Oxford University Press, New York, New York. |
*Weston, 1999. "An Invitation to Environmental Philosophy," Oxford University Press, New York, New York. |
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*Drengson,Inoue, 1995. "The Deep Ecology Movement," North Atlantic Books, Berkley, California. |
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Revision as of 22:13, 7 November 2012
Environmental philosophy is a branch of philosophy that is concerned with the natural environment and humans' place within it.[1] Environmental philosophy includes environmental ethics, environmental aesthetics, ecofeminism and environmental theology.[2] Some of the main areas of interest for environmental philosophers are:
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sandworm_by_Marco_Casagrande_%40_Wenduine%2C_Belgium.jpg/240px-Sandworm_by_Marco_Casagrande_%40_Wenduine%2C_Belgium.jpg)
- Defining environment and nature
- How to value the environment
- Moral status of animals and plants
- Endangered species
- Environmentalism and Deep Ecology
- Aesthetic value of nature
- Restoration of nature
- Consideration of future generations[1]
Contemporary Issues
- Overfished oceans[3]
- Pesticides in ground and water
- Ozone holes
- Rising extinction rates
- Deforestation
- Pollutants in atmosphere (Such as Carbon-Dioxide)[4]
Modern History
Environmental Philosophy re-emerged as a major social movement in the 1970s. The movement was an attempt to connect with humanity's sense of alienation from nature in a continuing fashion throughout history. The movement created a divide between the body of writing that is fairly professional; objective, theoretical and academic in nature. This contrasts with a more spiritual and political concern. Environmental Philosophy encompasses each of these positions in the overall study and acknowledgement of the craft.[5]
Deep Ecology Movement
In 1984, George Sessions and Arne Naess articulated the principles of the new Deep Ecology Movement.[6] These basic principles:
- The well-being and flourishing of human and non human life have value
- Richness and diversity of life forms contribute to the realization of these values and are also values in themselves.
- Humans have no right to reduce this richness and diversity except to satisfy vital needs.
- The flourishing of human life and cultures is compatible with a substantial decrease in the human population.
- Present human interference with the nonhuman world is excessive, and the situation is rapidly worsening.
- Policies must therefore be changed. These policies affect basic economic, technological, and ideological structures. The resulting state of affairs will be deeply different from the present.
- The ideological change is mainly that of appreciating life quality (dwelling in situations of inherent value) rather than adhering to an increasingly higher standard of living. There will be a profound awareness of the difference between big and great.
- Those who subscribe to the foregoing points have an obligation directly or indirectly to try to implement the necessary changes.
References
- ^ a b Belshaw, Christopher (2001). Environmental Philosophy. Chesham: Acumen. ISBN 1-902683-21-8.
- ^ "International Association of Environmental Philosophy". Retrieved 2008-07-30.
- ^ "Environmental Ethics". Retrieved 2012-11-05.
- ^ Weston, 1999. "An Invitation to Environmental Philosophy," Oxford University Press, New York, New York.
- ^ Weston, 1999. "An Invitation to Environmental Philosophy," Oxford University Press, New York, New York.
- ^ Drengson,Inoue, 1995. "The Deep Ecology Movement," North Atlantic Books, Berkley, California.
See also
Further reading
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