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From 24 to 25 November, Carlsen took part in the chess festival Segunda Gran Fiesta Internacional de Ajedrez in Mexico City. As part of it, Carlsen took on an online audience (dubbed as "The World") with the white pieces and won. He then took part in a real-life event, the knockout exhibition event Cuadrangular UNAM. Carlsen first beat [[Lázaro Bruzón]] 1½–½, thus qualifying for a final against Judit Polgár (who had in turn beat [[Manuel León Hoyos]] 1½–½). Carlsen lost the first game, but won the second one, and in the tiebreak defeated Polgár 2–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=8652|title=Second Gran Fiesta UNAM with Carlsen and Polgar|date=24 November 2012|accessdate=26 November 2012|publisher=ChessBase.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=8657|title=2nd UNAM won by Magnus Carlsen|date=26 November 2012|accessdate=26 November 2012|publisher=ChessBase.com}}</ref>
From 24 to 25 November, Carlsen took part in the chess festival Segunda Gran Fiesta Internacional de Ajedrez in Mexico City. As part of it, Carlsen took on an online audience (dubbed as "The World") with the white pieces and won. He then took part in a real-life event, the knockout exhibition event Cuadrangular UNAM. Carlsen first beat [[Lázaro Bruzón]] 1½–½, thus qualifying for a final against Judit Polgár (who had in turn beat [[Manuel León Hoyos]] 1½–½). Carlsen lost the first game, but won the second one, and in the tiebreak defeated Polgár 2–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=8652|title=Second Gran Fiesta UNAM with Carlsen and Polgar|date=24 November 2012|accessdate=26 November 2012|publisher=ChessBase.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=8657|title=2nd UNAM won by Magnus Carlsen|date=26 November 2012|accessdate=26 November 2012|publisher=ChessBase.com}}</ref>


Carlsen won the London Chess Classic in December with five wins (over McShane, Aronian, [[Gawain Jones]], Adams and Judit Polgár) and three draws (against Kramnik, Nakamura and Anand).<ref name=wic-carlsenwinslondon2012/> By rating performance, this was one of the best results in history, with a performance rating of 2994.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=8700 |title=Chess News – LCC R9: Carlsen first, Kramnik second, both with big wins |publisher=ChessBase.com }}</ref> This was Carlsen's thirteenth classical tournament in a row with an Elo performance of 2815 or better (the previous twelve being Nanjing 2010, London 2010, Wijk aan Zee 2011, Bazna 2011, Biel 2011, São Paulo/Bilbao 2011, Tal Memorial 2011, London 2011, Wijk aan Zee 2012, Tal Memorial 2012, Biel 2012 and São Paulo/Bilbao 2012).
Carlsen won the [[London Chess Classic]] in December with five wins (over McShane, Aronian, [[Gawain Jones]], Adams and Judit Polgár) and three draws (against Kramnik, Nakamura and Anand).<ref name=wic-carlsenwinslondon2012/> This win, the third time Carlsen had won the tournament in the past four years, increased his rating from 2848 to a new record of 2861, breaking Kasparov's 13-year record of 2851.<ref name=wic-carlsenwinslondon2012/><ref name="chessvibesDec2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.chessvibes.com/reports/carlsen-beats-kasparovs-rating-record-in-london|title=Carlsen beats Kasparov's rating record in London|date=8 December 2012|publisher=Chessvibes|accessdate=9 December 2012}}</ref> By rating performance, this was one of the best results in history, with a performance rating of 2994.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=8700 |title=Chess News – LCC R9: Carlsen first, Kramnik second, both with big wins |publisher=ChessBase.com }}</ref> This was Carlsen's thirteenth classical tournament in a row with an Elo performance of 2815 or better (the previous twelve being Nanjing 2010, London 2010, Wijk aan Zee 2011, Bazna 2011, Biel 2011, São Paulo/Bilbao 2011, Tal Memorial 2011, London 2011, Wijk aan Zee 2012, Tal Memorial 2012, Biel 2012 and São Paulo/Bilbao 2012).


== Number of wins in major recurring chess tournaments ==
== Number of wins in major recurring chess tournaments ==
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On the November 2012 rating list published by FIDE, Carlsen reached an Elo rating of 2848, the second highest in history (after [[Garry Kasparov]]'s 2851 set July 1999 to January 2000).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=6457|title=Medias R10: Magnus Carlsen wins with two-point lead|date=25 June 2010|publisher=ChessBase|accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref>
On the November 2012 rating list published by FIDE, Carlsen reached an Elo rating of 2848, the second highest in history (after [[Garry Kasparov]]'s 2851 set July 1999 to January 2000).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=6457|title=Medias R10: Magnus Carlsen wins with two-point lead|date=25 June 2010|publisher=ChessBase|accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref>


On 7 December 2012 Carlsen's live rating was 2863.6 after his win over Judit Polgár at the London Chess Classic, the highest ever live rating. On the January 2013 FIDE rating list, Carlsen reached a 2861 Elo rating, thus surpassing Garry Kasparov's 2851 record from July 1999.<ref name=wic-carlsenwinslondon2012>{{cite news|title=Carlsen wins London Chess Classic and takes Kasparov's record |first=Mark |last=Crowther|url=http://www.theweekinchess.com/chessnews/events/4th-london-chess-classic-20121/carlsen-wins-london-chess-classic-and-takes-kasparovs-record |work=[[The Week in Chess]]|date=10 December 2012 |accessdate=11 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chessvibes.com/reports/carlsen-beats-kasparovs-rating-record-in-london|title=Carlsen beats Kasparov's rating record in London|date=8 December 2012|publisher=Chessvibes|accessdate=9 December 2012}}</ref>
On 7 December 2012 Carlsen's live rating was 2863.6 after his win over Judit Polgár at the London Chess Classic, the highest ever live rating. On the January 2013 FIDE rating list, Carlsen reached a 2861 Elo rating, thus surpassing Garry Kasparov's 2851 record from July 1999.<ref name=wic-carlsenwinslondon2012>{{cite news|title=Carlsen wins London Chess Classic and takes Kasparov's record |first=Mark |last=Crowther|url=http://www.theweekinchess.com/chessnews/events/4th-london-chess-classic-20121/carlsen-wins-london-chess-classic-and-takes-kasparovs-record |work=[[The Week in Chess]]|date=10 December 2012 |accessdate=11 December 2012}}</ref><ref name="chessvibesDec2012"/>


=== Standing on each top 100 FIDE list ===
=== Standing on each top 100 FIDE list ===

Revision as of 06:24, 2 January 2013

This article is about the Norwegian chess player. For people with a similar name, see Magnus Carlsson (disambiguation). For other uses, see Carlsen (disambiguation).
Magnus Carlsen
Carlsen in 2010
Full nameSven Magnus Øen Carlsen
CountryNorway
Born (1990-11-30) 30 November 1990 (age 33)
Tønsberg, Norway
TitleGrandmaster
FIDE rating2832 (August 2024)
Peak rating2861 (January 2013)
RankingNo. 1 (August 2024)
Peak rankingNo. 1 (January 2010)

Sven Magnus Øen Carlsen (born 30 November 1990) is a Norwegian chess Grandmaster and former chess prodigy who is currently the number-one ranked player in the world. His peak rating is 2861, the highest in history.

On 26 April 2004 Carlsen became a Grandmaster at the age of 13 years, 148 days, making him the third-youngest Grandmaster in history (and second-youngest at that time). On the November 2009 FIDE rating list, Carlsen had an Elo rating of 2801, thus becoming the fifth player to achieve a rating over 2800 – and aged 18 years, 336 days at the time, by far the youngest to do so. On 1 January 2010 a new FIDE rating list was published, and at the age of 19 years, 32 days, he became the youngest chess player in history to be ranked world number one, breaking the record previously held by Vladimir Kramnik, as well as the seventh player in history to be ranked number one in the world by FIDE. On the January 2013 FIDE rating list, Carlsen reached an Elo rating of 2861, thus surpassing Garry Kasparov's 2851 rating record (set July 1999).

Based on his rating, Carlsen qualified for the Candidates Tournament that will determine the challenger to World Champion Viswanathan Anand in the World Chess Championship 2013. He also previously qualified for the 2011 Candidates Tournament, but withdrew from it.

Childhood

Carlsen playing simultaneous chess in Molde in July 2004

Carlsen was born in Tønsberg, Vestfold; the son of Sigrun Øen and Henrik Albert Carlsen, both engineers by profession. The family spent one year in Espoo, Finland, and then in Brussels, Belgium, and in 1998 the family returned to Norway and settled in Lommedalen, Bærum. They later moved to Haslum.[1] Carlsen learned to play chess at the age of five. He played his first chess tournament at the age of eight, when he took part in the Norwegian Chess Championship (the Miniputt class) at Gausdal.[2] The first chess book he ever read was Bent Larsen's Find the Plan.[3]

Carlsen was later coached at a Norwegian high school (for athletes) by the country's top player, Grandmaster (GM) Simen Agdestein. Agdestein introduced his civil worker Torbjørn Ringdal Hansen, currently an International Master, to Carlsen, and they had one training session every week, along with one of Carlsen's close friends. Becoming an International Master, Carlsen was given a year off from elementary school to participate in international chess tournaments during the fall season of 2003. In that same year, he finished third in the European Under-12 Boys Championship.

Chess career

2004

Carlsen was brought to the attention of the chess world after his victory in the C group at the Corus chess tournament in Wijk aan Zee. Carlsen had a score of 10½/13, losing just one game (against the highest-rated player of the C group, Dusko Pavasovic).[4] As a result of the victory, he took his first Grandmaster norm and achieved a performance rating of 2702. Particularly notable was his win over Sipke Ernst in the penultimate round, when Carlsen sacrificed material to mate him in just 29 moves.[5] Carlsen won the Audience Prize for that game, as the best game of the round (including the games played in the A and B groups). The first 23 moves in that game had already been played in another game Almagro Llanas–Gustafsson, Madrid 2003 (which ended in a draw), but Carlsen's over-the-board novelty immediately led to a winning position. Carlsen's victory in the C group qualified him to play in the B group in 2005, and it also led Lubomir Kavalek, writing for the Washington Post, to give him the title "Mozart of chess". Agdestein, who was once a young GM at 18, said in an interview that Carlsen was a significantly better player than he was at the same age. He also said that Carlsen had an excellent memory and played an unusually wide range of different openings. Carlsen's prowess caught the attention of Microsoft, who became his sponsor.[6]

Carlsen vs. Ernst, 2004
abcdefgh
8
d8 black rook
f8 black rook
g8 black king
a7 black pawn
b7 black pawn
e7 black bishop
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
e6 black pawn
f6 black knight
h6 black pawn
a5 black queen
c5 black pawn
e5 white knight
h5 white pawn
d4 white pawn
f4 white bishop
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
e2 white queen
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
b1 white king
d1 white rook
h1 white rook
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Position after 17...c5. The game continued 18.Ng6 fxg6 19.Qxe6+ Kh8 20.hxg6 Ng8 21.Bxh6 gxh6 22.Rxh6+ Nxh6 23.Qxe7 Nf7 24.gxf7 Kg7 25.Rd3 Rd6 26.Rg3+ Rg6 27.Qe5+ Kxf7 28.Qf5+ Rf6 29.Qd7#

Carlsen obtained his second GM norm in the Moscow Aeroflot Open in February. In a blitz chess tournament in Reykjavík, Iceland, Carlsen defeated former world champion Anatoly Karpov on 17 March. The blitz tournament was a preliminary event leading up to a rapid knockout tournament beginning the next day, where Carlsen achieved one draw against Garry Kasparov, who was then the top-rated player in the world, before losing to Kasparov after 32 moves of the second game, thus being knocked out of the tournament.[7]

In the sixth Dubai Open Chess Championship, held 18–28 April, Carlsen obtained his third and final Grandmaster norm. As a result of this, he was at the time the world's youngest Grandmaster and the second-youngest person ever to hold GM status, after Sergey Karjakin of Ukraine who attained the feat at 12 years and 7 months of age in 2002.[8]

Carlsen was the youngest player ever to participate in the FIDE World Chess Championship 2004, but was knocked out in the first round on tie breaks by Levon Aronian.[9]

In July, Carlsen and Berge Østenstad (then the reigning Norwegian champion) tied for first in the Norwegian Chess Championship, each scoring seven out of nine possible points. A two-game match between them was arranged to decide the title. Both games were drawn, which left Østenstad the champion because he had superior tiebreaks in the tournament.

2005

In Smartfish Chess Masters at the Drammen chess festival 2004–05 (Norway) Carlsen defeated Alexei Shirov, ranked number 10[10] in the world.[11] In June in the Ciudad de Leon rapid chess tournament, Carlsen played a four-game semifinal against Viswanathan Anand, who was ranked second in the world at the time. Magnus lost 3–1.[12] Carlsen was invited to the tournament as the most promising young chess player in 2005.

In the Norwegian Chess Championship, Carlsen again finished in a shared first place, this time with his mentor Simen Agdestein. A playoff between them was arranged between 7 and 10 November. This time Carlsen had the better tiebreaks, but the rule giving the player with better tiebreaks scores the title in the event of a 1–1 draw had been revoked previously. The match was closely fought, Agdestein won the first game, Carlsen won the second, so the match went into a phase of two and two rapid games until there was a winner. Carlsen won the first rapid game, Agdestein the second. Then followed a series of three draws until Agdestein won the championship title with a victory in the sixth rapid game.

At the end of 2005 Carlsen participated at the World Chess Cup in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia. In the knockout tournament, he upset the 44th-ranked Georgian Zurab Azmaiparashvili in round one, winning 2–0 at rapid chess after a 1–1 tie in the normal length games, and proceeded to beat Tajik Farrukh Amonatov and Bulgarian Ivan Cheparinov (also after rapid chess) to reach the round of 16. There he lost 1½–2½ to Evgeny Bareev, which prevented him from finishing in the top eight.[13] He then won against Joël Lautier 1½–½ and Vladimir Malakhov 3½–2½ securing him at least a tenth place and therefore a spot in the Candidate Matches. Carlsen became the youngest player to be an official World Championship Candidate.[14]

In October he took first place at the Arnold Eikrem Memorial in Gausdal with eight out of nine points and a performance rating of 2792.[15]

2006

Carlsen qualified for a place in the Corus B group from his 2004 first place in Corus group C. His shared first with Motylev with 9/13 (+6 −1 =6) qualified him to play in the Corus A group in 2007.[16]

In the Norwegian Chess Championship, Carlsen was close to winning outright, but a last-round loss to Berge Østenstad again tied him for first place with Agdestein. The last-round loss deprived Magnus of beating Agdestein's record of becoming the youngest Norwegian champion ever. Nonetheless, in the playoff 19–21 November Carlsen won 3–1. After two draws in the initial full-time games, Magnus won both rapid games in round two, securing his first Norwegian championship.[17]

Magnus won the Glitnir Blitz Tournament[18] in Iceland. He won 2–0 over Viswanathan Anand (2003 FIDE World Rapid Chess Champion, 2004 Amber Rapid Chess Champion, 2007 FIDE Classical World Champion) in the semi finals. Carlsen also won 2–0 in the finals.[19]

Magnus scored 6/8 in the 37th Chess Olympiad against opponents averaging 2627 Elo, gaining 18 Elo (a rating performance of 2820 points). One of his notable wins was against top English grandmaster Michael Adams.[20]

In the Midnight Sun Chess Tournament, Carlsen had some misses and came in second, beaten by Sergei Shipov (FIDE-Elo: 2576).[21]

In the Biel grandmaster tournament, he achieved second place, after having beaten the eventual winner Alexander Morozevich twice (once with each color).[22]

In the NH Chess Tournament held in Amsterdam in August, Carlsen participated in an 'Experience' v 'Rising Stars' Scheveningen team match. The 'Rising Stars' won the match 22–28, with Carlsen achieving the best individual score for the youngsters, 6½/10 and a 2700 Elo performance, thus winning the right to participate in the 2007 Melody Amber tournament.[23]

In the World Blitz Championship at Rishon LeZion, Israel in September, he was number 8 of 16 participants with 7½/15 points.

In the rapid chess tournament Rencontres nationales et internationales d'échecs in Cap d'Agde, France he got to the semifinal, losing to Sergey Karjakin.

Carlsen achieved a shared eighth place of 10 participants in the Mikhail Tal Memorial in Moscow with two losses and seven draws. In the associated blitz tournament Tal Blitz Cup he received 17½/34 points and ninth place in a group of 18 participants.

2007

In the Corus chess tournament Carlsen, playing in group A for the first time, had to settle for the last place after nine draws and four losses, scoring 4½ points in 13 rounds.[24]

Magnus Carlsen vs. Levon Aronian at Linares 2007

In the prestigious Linares chess tournament Carlsen met the following top-rated players: Veselin Topalov, Viswanathan Anand, Peter Svidler, Alexander Morozevich, Levon Aronian, Peter Leko, and Vassily Ivanchuk (replacing Teimour Radjabov). With the significantly lowest Elo rating, he achieved a second place (on tiebreaks) with 7½ points after four wins, seven draws and three losses, and an Elo performance of 2778.[25]

In March, Carlsen played for the first time in the Melody Amber blind and rapid chess tournament in Monte Carlo. In the 11 rounds he achieved eight draws and three losses in the blindfold, and three wins, seven draws and one loss in the rapid part. This resulted in a shared ninth place in the blindfold, shared second place in the rapid (beaten only by Anand), and an eighth place in the overall tournament.

In May–June, he participated in the Candidates Tournament for the FIDE World Chess Championship 2007. He was paired with the top seed Levon Aronian. The six-game match was drawn (two wins, two draws, and two losses), with Carlsen coming from behind twice. The four-game rapid playoff was drawn as well (one win, two draws, and one loss), with Carlsen winning the last game to stay in the match. Finally, Aronian won both tiebreaker (blitz) games, to eliminate Carlsen from the Championship.

In July–August, he won the International Chess Festival Biel Grandmaster Tournament 2007, with a +2 record (an Elo performance of 2753). His score was equaled by Alexander Onischuk and by the tie-breaker rule of the tournament, they played a tie-breaker match to determine the winner. After drawing two rapid and two blitz games, Carlsen won the armageddon game.[26] He became the youngest person ever to win a category 18 tournament.

Immediately after the Biel tournament, Carlsen entered the open Arctic Chess Challenge in Tromsø, but his +5=4 and fourth place result was somewhat disappointing. In the first round, Carlsen surprisingly conceded a draw to his classmate Brede Hagen (rated 2034)[27] after having a lost position at one point.[28] A game which attracted some attention was his sixth round win over his own father, Henrik Carlsen.[29]

In December, he reached the semifinal round of the World Chess Cup, after defeating Michael Adams in the round of 16, and Ivan Cheparinov in the quarter-finals. In the semifinal, he was eliminated by the eventual winner Gata Kamsky, ½:1½.[30]

2008

Carlsen in Bilbao, 2008

Playing for the second time in the top group A of the Corus chess tournament, Carlsen showed a big improvement over his 2007 performance. His final score was eight points in 13 rounds, an Elo performance of 2830. Carlsen scored five wins (including as Black against former World Champion Vladimir Kramnik), two losses and six draws. He shared first place with Levon Aronian,[31] becoming the youngest person ever to win a category 20 tournament.

At the Linares chess tournament, Carlsen had another 2800+ Elo performance, scoring eight out of fourteen (five wins, three losses and six draws). He finished in sole second place, ½ point behind the winner, world champion Viswanathan Anand.[32]

In March, Carlsen played for the second time in the Melody Amber blind and rapid chess tournament, which was held in Nice for the first time. In the 11 rounds he achieved four wins, four draws and two losses in the blindfold, and three wins, six draws and two losses in the rapid part. This resulted in a shared fifth place in the blindfold, shared third place in the rapid and a shared second place in the overall tournament.

Carlsen was one of 21 players in the six-tournament FIDE Grand Prix 2008–2009, a qualifier for the World Chess Championship 2012. In the first tournament, in Baku, Azerbaijan, in April–May, he finished in a three-way tie for first place, with another 2800 Elo performance. Carlsen later withdrew from the Grand Prix cycle despite his initial success, citing "dramatic change[s] to ... regulations."[33]

Carlsen won a rapid match against Peter Leko held at Miskolc, Hungary, scoring 5:3 (two wins, six draws).[34]

In June, Carlsen won an annual Aerosvit event.[35] In his strongest tournament performance at that point in his career, he finished undefeated with eight out of eleven (five wins, six draws) in a category 19 field. His Elo performance was 2877.[36]

Magnus Carlsen in 2008

Playing in a category 18 Biel tournament, Carlsen finished third with six points out of ten (three wins, one loss, six draws), with Elo performance of 2741, his first sub-2800 performance of 2008.

In the Mainz World Rapid Chess Championship, Carlsen finished in second place after losing the final to defending champion Anand 3:1 (two losses, two draws).[37] To reach the final Magnus played against Judit Polgár scoring 1½ point out of two (one win, one draw), against Anand scoring one point out of two (two draws) and against Morozevich scoring one point out of two (two draws).

In the category 22 Bilbao Masters, Carlsen tied for second with a 2768 performance rating (three wins, three losses, four draws).[38]

2009

Playing in Group A of the Corus chess tournament, Carlsen tied for fifth with a 2739 performance (two wins, one loss, ten draws).[39]

In the Linares chess tournament, Carlsen finished third with a 2777 performance (three wins, two losses, nine draws). In this tournament, he defeated World Champion Viswanathan Anand[40] and the eventual winner Alexander Grischuk[41] for the first time under classical time controls.

Carlsen tied for second place with Veselin Topalov at the M-Tel Masters (category 21) tournament in Sofia, Bulgaria. He lost to eventual winner Alexei Shirov in their final game, dropping him from first.[42]

Carlsen won the category 21 Nanjing Pearl Spring tournament, 2½ points ahead of second-place finisher Topalov, the world's highest-rated player at the time.[43] He scored 8/10 (six wins, four draws, no losses), winning every game as White (against Topalov, Wang Yue, Leko, Radjabov, and Jakovenko), and also winning as Black against Jakovenko. By rating performance, this was one of the greatest results in history, with a performance rating of 3002.[44] Chess statistician Jeff Sonas has declared it one of the 20 best tournament performances of all time, and the best chess performance of all time by a teenager.[45] This lifted his FIDE rating to 2801, making him the 5th and youngest player to ever surpass 2800.[44]

In the Tal Memorial, played from 5 to 14 November, Carlsen started with seven straight draws, but finished with wins over Ruslan Ponomariov and Peter Leko. This result put Carlsen in shared second place behind Kramnik and equal with Ivanchuk.[46][47]

After the Tal Memorial, Carlsen won the World Blitz Championship, played from 16 to 18 November in Moscow, Russia. His score of 28 wins, 6 draws and 8 losses left him three points ahead of Anand, who finished in second place.[48]

At the World Blitz Championship

Carlsen entered the London Chess Classic as the top seed in a field including Kramnik, Hikaru Nakamura, Michael Adams, Nigel Short, Ni Hua, Luke McShane and David Howell. He defeated Kramnik in round one and went on to win the tournament with 13/21 (three points were awarded for a win, and one for a draw; using classical scoring he finished with 5/7) and a performance rating of 2844, one point ahead of Kramnik. This victory propelled him to the top of the FIDE rating list, surpassing Veselin Topalov.[49]

Based on his average rating from the July 2009 and January 2010 FIDE lists, Carlsen qualified for the Candidates Tournament that would determine the challenger to World Champion Viswanathan Anand in the World Chess Championship 2012. In November 2010, however, Carlsen announced he was withdrawing from the Candidates tournament. Carlsen described the 2008–12 cycle as "[not] sufficiently modern and fair", and wrote that "Reigning champion privileges, the long (five year) span of the cycle, changes made during the cycle resulting in a new format (Candidates) that no World Champion has had to go through since Kasparov, puzzling ranking criteria as well as the shallow ceaseless match-after-match concept are all less than satisfactory in my opinion."[50]

In early 2009 Carlsen engaged former world champion Garry Kasparov as a personal trainer.[51] In September their partnership was confirmed in Norwegian newspapers.[52][53]

In a December 2009 interview with TIME Magazine, in response to a question whether he used computers when studying chess, Carlsen revealed that he does not use a chess set when studying on his own.[54]

2010

Carlsen won the Corus chess tournament played 16–31 January with 8½ points (five wins, seven draws, one loss). His ninth-round loss to Kramnik ended a streak of 36 rated games undefeated.[55] Carlsen appeared to struggle in the last round against Fabiano Caruana, but saved a draw leaving him half a point ahead of Kramnik and Shirov.[56]

In March it was announced that Carlsen had split from Kasparov and would no longer be using him as a trainer,[57] although this was put into different context by Carlsen himself in an interview with the German magazine Der Spiegel stating that they would remain in contact and that he would continue to attend training sessions with Kasparov.[58]

Carlsen shared first place alongside Ivanchuk in the Amber blindfold and rapid tournament. Carlsen scored 6½ points in the blindfold and 8 points in the rapid, giving 14½ points from a possible 22 points.[59]

In May it was revealed that Carlsen had helped Viswanathan Anand prepare for the World Chess Championship 2010 against challenger Veselin Topalov, which Anand won 6½–5½ to retain the title. Carlsen had also helped Anand prepare for the World Chess Championship 2007 and World Chess Championship 2008.[60]

Carlsen played in the Bazna Kings Tournament in Romania on 14–25 June. The tournament was a double round robin event involving Wang Yue, Boris Gelfand, former FIDE world champion Ruslan Ponomariov, Teimour Radjabov, and Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu. He finished with 7½/10 and a 2918 performance rating, winning the tournament by two points over Radjabov and Gelfand.[61][62]

Carlsen then played in a rapid tournament 28–30 August at the Arctic Securities Chess Stars tournament in Kristiansund, Norway. The field featured world champion Viswanathan Anand, female world No. 1 Judit Polgár, and Jon Ludvig Hammer. In the preliminary round robin, Carlsen scored 3½/6 to qualify for the final, second behind Anand.[63] In the final, Carlsen defeated Anand 1½–½ to win the championship.[64]

Following this event, Carlsen suffered setbacks in his next two tournaments. In the 39th Chess Olympiad from 19 September to 4 October, he scored 4½/8, losing three games, to Baadur Jobava, Michael Adams and Sanan Sjugirov; these were his first losses with the black pieces in more than a year.[65] His team, Norway, finished 51st out of 149 teams.[66]

Carlsen's next tournament was the Grand Slam Masters Final on 9–15 October, which he had qualified for automatically by winning three of the previous year's four Grand Slam chess events (2009 Nanjing Pearl Spring, 2010 Corus, 2010 Bazna Kings). Along with Carlsen, the finals consisted of World Champion Viswanathan Anand and the highest two scorers from the preliminary stage held in Shanghai in September, which featured Vladimir Kramnik, Levon Aronian, Alexei Shirov, and Wang Hao; Shirov and Kramnik qualified.[67][68] The FIDE September 2010 ratings of Carlsen, Anand, Kramnik and Shirov made the Grand Slam final the strongest tournament in chess history, with an average Elo of 2789. In the first round, Carlsen lost on the black side of the Queen's Indian Defense to Kramnik; this was Carlsen's second consecutive loss to Kramnik, and placed his hold on the world No. 1 ranking in serious jeopardy. In his second round, Carlsen lost with the white pieces to Anand in the Ruy Lopez; this was his first loss as white since January 2010. Carlsen recovered somewhat in the latter part of the tournament, finishing with 2½/6, including a win over Shirov; the tournament was won by Kramnik with 4/6.[69] Carlsen finished this tournament with a rating of 2802, two points behind Anand at 2804 who temporarily ended Carlsen's reign at world No. 1. These setbacks called into question from some whether Carlsen's activities outside chess, such as modelling for G-Star Raw, were distracting him from performing well at the chess board.[70] Carlsen said he did not believe there was a direct connection.[71]

Carlsen's next tournament was the Pearl Spring chess tournament on 19–30 October in Nanjing, China, against Anand, world No. 2 Veselin Topalov, Vugar Gashimov, Wang Yue, and Étienne Bacrot.[72] This was the only tournament in 2010 to feature Anand, Carlsen and Topalov, at the time the top three players in the world, and was the first tournament in history to feature three players rated at least 2800. With early wins over Bacrot, Yue, and Topalov with white, Carlsen took the early lead, extending his winning streak with white in Nanjing to eight. This streak was halted by a draw to Anand in round seven, but in the penultimate round Carlsen secured first place by defeating Topalov with the black pieces. This was his second victory in the tournament over the former world No. 1, and improved his score to 6½/9.[73] The victory clinched Carlsen a place in the 2011 Grand Slam Chess Masters final, his final score of 7/10 (with a performance rating of 2903) was a full point ahead of runner-up Anand.

Carlsen next played in the World Blitz Championship, in Moscow on 16–18 November, attempting to defend his 2009 title. With a score of 23½/38, he finished in third place behind Teimour Radjabov and winner Levon Aronian.[74] After the tournament, Carlsen played a private 40-game blitz match against Hikaru Nakamura.[75] It was later revealed that Carlsen won it 23½–16½.[76]

Carlsen won the London Chess Classic on 8–15 December in a field comprising world champion Viswanathan Anand, former world champion Vladimir Kramnik, American number one Hikaru Nakamura, and British players Michael Adams, Nigel Short, David Howell, and Luke McShane.[77] Carlsen had a rocky start, losing his Black games to McShane and Anand in rounds 1 and 3, but winning with White against Adams and Nakamura in rounds 2 and 4. He joined the lead with a Black win over Howell in round 5, and managed to stay in the lead following a harrowing draw with Black against Kramnik in round 6, before defeating Short in the last round with White. Since the tournament was played with three points for a win, Carlsen's +4=1–2 score put him ahead of Anand and McShane who scored +2=5 (a more traditional two-points-for-a-win system would have yielded a three-way tie, with Carlsen still on top having the better tiebreaker due to four games with black – Anand and McShane had to play only three times with black).

2011

Carlsen competed in the GM-A group of the Tata Steel Chess (Corus) tournament on 14–30 January in Wijk aan Zee in an attempt to defend his title;[78] the field included world champion Viswanathan Anand, Levon Aronian, former world champion Vladimir Kramnik, Alexander Grischuk, Hikaru Nakamura, and former FIDE world champion Ruslan Ponomariov, among others. Despite losing games with White against Anish Giri and reigning Russian champion Ian Nepomniachtchi, Carlsen finished with 8.0/13, including victories over Kramnik and tournament winner Hikaru Nakamura. Although Carlsen's performance raised his rating from 2814 to 2815, Anand's 8½/13 score elevated his rating to 2817, making him the world No. 1 for the March 2011 FIDE rating list.

The first tournament victory of the year came in the Bazna Kings tournament, a double round-robin played in Medias on 11–21 June. Carlsen finished with 6½ points (+3=7), equal with Sergey Karjakin but with a better tiebreak score. Carlsen won his White games against Nakamura, Nisipeanu, and Ivanchuk and drew the rest of the games.[79]

The Grand Slam Chess Final was held as a double-round robin with six players, in São Paulo (25 September – 1 October) and Bilbao (5–11 October). Although Carlsen had a slow start, including a loss against bottom-ranked Vallejo Pons, he finished +3−1=6, equal with Ivanchuk (whose +4−3=3 finish was equal due to three points for a win). Carlsen then won the blitz tiebreak against Ivanchuk. The other players were Anand, Aronian, Nakamura, and Vallejo Pons.[80]

Another tournament victory was achieved in the Tal Memorial in Moscow 16–25 November as a round robin with ten players. Carlsen won two games, against Gelfand and Nakamura, and drew the rest. He finished equal on points with Aronian, and finished ahead since the first tiebreak was the number of Black games; Carlsen had five Black games while Aronian only had four.[81]

In the London Chess Classic, played 3–12 December, Carlsen's streak of tournament victories ended when he finished third, behind Kramnik and Nakamura. Carlsen won three games and drew five. Although he did not win the tournament, Carlsen continued to gain rating points, and rose to a new personal record of 2835.[82]

2012

Carlsen in 2012

At the Tata Steel Chess Tournament held 14–29 January, Carlsen finished in a shared second place with 8 points out of 13 (four wins, eight draws, one loss), behind Aronian, and equal with Radjabov and Caruana. Carlsen defeated Gashimov, Aronian, Gelfand, and Topalov, but lost against Karjakin.[83]

At the Blitz chess tournament at Tal Memorial, Moscow 7 June, Carlsen shared the first place with Morozevich. In the main event (a category 22 ten player round-robin), he replicated his performance from 2011, winning two games and drawing seven. This time, it was enough for the sole first place, ahead of Teimour Radjabov and Fabiano Caruana.[84]

Carlsen then went on to finish second in the Grandmaster Tournament in Biel, with 18 points, just one point behind Wang Hao using the 3–1–0 scoring system. As in the Tal Memorial earlier in 2012, Carlsen managed to get through the tournament without any losses (+4−0=6). He also defeated the winner Wang Hao in both of their individual games. In the exhibition blitz tournament at Biel before the classical tournament, Carlsen was eliminated (+1−2=0) in the first round by Étienne Bacrot. Bacrot also deprived Carlsen of a win in the classical tournament by holding him to a hard-fought draw in the final round. Carlsen would have won the classical tournament on the traditional 1-1/2-0 scoring system, with seven points from ten games.[85]

The Grand Slam Chess Final was again held as a double-round robin with six players, in São Paulo and Bilbao. Carlsen started with a loss against Caruana, but after three wins in the second (Bilbao) round, finished +4−1=5, equal first with Caruana, and ahead of Aronian, Karjakin and Anand. Carlsen won the tournament after winning both tie-break games against Caruana.[86]

From 24 to 25 November, Carlsen took part in the chess festival Segunda Gran Fiesta Internacional de Ajedrez in Mexico City. As part of it, Carlsen took on an online audience (dubbed as "The World") with the white pieces and won. He then took part in a real-life event, the knockout exhibition event Cuadrangular UNAM. Carlsen first beat Lázaro Bruzón 1½–½, thus qualifying for a final against Judit Polgár (who had in turn beat Manuel León Hoyos 1½–½). Carlsen lost the first game, but won the second one, and in the tiebreak defeated Polgár 2–0.[87][88]

Carlsen won the London Chess Classic in December with five wins (over McShane, Aronian, Gawain Jones, Adams and Judit Polgár) and three draws (against Kramnik, Nakamura and Anand).[89] This win, the third time Carlsen had won the tournament in the past four years, increased his rating from 2848 to a new record of 2861, breaking Kasparov's 13-year record of 2851.[89][90] By rating performance, this was one of the best results in history, with a performance rating of 2994.[91] This was Carlsen's thirteenth classical tournament in a row with an Elo performance of 2815 or better (the previous twelve being Nanjing 2010, London 2010, Wijk aan Zee 2011, Bazna 2011, Biel 2011, São Paulo/Bilbao 2011, Tal Memorial 2011, London 2011, Wijk aan Zee 2012, Tal Memorial 2012, Biel 2012 and São Paulo/Bilbao 2012).

Number of wins in major recurring chess tournaments

See also: Tabulation comparison between current and past major chess-players

Among the many tournaments organized, some particularly stand out because of history or category. This tabulation gives an overview of the number of wins in the major recurring chess tournaments and world championship matches. The number in parentheses indicates the first year the tournament was held.

Linares (1978) Wijk aan Zee (1938) Dortmund (1928) Tal Memorial (2006) M-Tel Masters (2005) Nanjing Super-GM (2008) London Chess Classic (2009) Biel (1968) Fide Grand Prix (2009) Bilbao Masters (2008) WC match/tournament Total won
Carlsen 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 14

Honours

Carlsen has won the Chess Oscars for 2009, 2010 and 2011. The Chess Oscar is awarded to the year's best player according to a worldwide poll of leading chess critics, writers, and journalists conducted by the Russian chess magazine 64.[92] In 2011, he was given the Peer Gynt Prize, a Norwegian honor prize awarded annually to "a person or institution that has achieved distinction in society."[93]

Playing style

As a teenager, Carlsen became known for his attacking playing style.[94][95] His win over Sipke Ernst in the 2004 Wijk aan Zee C-group,[96] which ended with an epaulette mate, was admired by several other chess players. As he matured, Carlsen found that this risky playing style was not as well suited against the world elite. Around 2007 Carlsen was struggling against top players, and had trouble getting much out of the opening. To progress, Carlsen became a more universal player, capable of handling all sorts of positions well.[97] In the opening, Carlsen has alternated between various opening moves. Instead of specializing in either 1.d4 or 1.e4, Carlsen has alternated between them, thus making it harder for opponents to prepare against him.[98]

Since the announcement that he was coaching Carlsen, Garry Kasparov has repeatedly stated that Carlsen has a positional style similar to that of past world champions such as Anatoly Karpov, José Raúl Capablanca and Vasily Smyslov, rather than the tactical style of Alexander Alekhine, Mikhail Tal and himself.[99] Similarly, Viswanathan Anand compared Carlsen's style to that of Bobby Fischer, suggesting that both are "brilliant in simple technical positions".[100] However, Carlsen has claimed that he does not have any preferences in terms of playing style.[101]

Kasparov and others have claimed that while Carlsen spends less time on opening preparation than other top-level players, his positional understanding more than makes up for it. According to Kasparov, "[Carlsen] has the ability to correctly evaluate any position, which only Karpov could boast of before him."[102] Carlsen's endgame prowess has been described as among the greatest in history.[103][104][105][106]

Rating

Rating achievements

In the January 2006 FIDE list, at the age of 15 years, 32 days, he attained a 2625 Elo rating, which made Carlsen the youngest person to break the 2600 Elo barrier. In 2008, Wesley So broke that record.

In the July 2007 FIDE list, at the age of 16 years, 213 days, he attained a 2710 Elo rating, which made Carlsen the youngest person to break the 2700 Elo barrier.

Carlsen was placed sixth in the July 2008 list, but if his Aerosvit result had been included he would have been ranked second. The omission of the Aerosvit result, which finished after the cutoff date for the July 2008 list, caused some controversy.[107]

On 5 September 2008, after winning round 4 in the Bilbao Grand Slam chess championship, Carlsen, just 17 years, 280 days old, briefly became number one on the unofficial live ratings list.[108][109]

Carlsen's September–October 2009 victory in the Nanjing Pearl tournament raised his FIDE rating to 2801, making him at age 18 years, 336 days the youngest player ever to break 2800.[110] The youngest before him was Vladimir Kramnik at age 25.[111] Before Carlsen, only Kasparov, Topalov, Kramnik, and Anand had achieved a 2800+ rating (Levon Aronian later accomplished the feat in October 2010).

After the Tal Memorial (November 2009) he became number one in the unofficial live chess rating list with his new peak rating of 2805.7, 0.6 point over the number 2, Veselin Topalov.[112]

The FIDE rankings from January 2010, which took into account the 16 games played at the Tal Memorial and the London Chess Classic, were enough to raise Carlsen's rating by 8.6 points to 2810.[113] This meant that Carlsen started 2010 by being, at the age of 19 years, 32 days, the youngest ever world number one, and also the first player from a western nation to reach the top of the FIDE rating list since Bobby Fischer in 1971.[114][115] The press coverage of this feat included an interview and article in Time magazine.[116][117]

The March 2010 FIDE rating list showed Carlsen with a new peak rating of 2813, a figure that only Kasparov had bettered at that time.[57]

On the November 2012 rating list published by FIDE, Carlsen reached an Elo rating of 2848, the second highest in history (after Garry Kasparov's 2851 set July 1999 to January 2000).[118]

On 7 December 2012 Carlsen's live rating was 2863.6 after his win over Judit Polgár at the London Chess Classic, the highest ever live rating. On the January 2013 FIDE rating list, Carlsen reached a 2861 Elo rating, thus surpassing Garry Kasparov's 2851 record from July 1999.[89][90]

Standing on each top 100 FIDE list

Magnus Carlsen's Elo rating evolution from 2001 to 2011
Rating list Rating Games Change World ranking Age
January 2006 2625 40 +55 89 15 years, 1 month
April 2006 2646 13 +21 63 15 years, 4 months
July 2006 2675 27 +29 31 15 years, 7 months
October 2006 2698 46 +23 21 15 years, 10 months
January 2007 2690 11 −8 24 16 years, 1 month
April 2007 2693 27 +3 22 16 years, 4 months
July 2007 2710 19 +17 17 16 years, 7 months
October 2007 2714 25 +4 16 16 years, 10 months
January 2008 2733 37 +19 13 17 years, 1 month
April 2008 2765 27 +32 5 17 years, 4 months
July 2008 2775 16 +10 6 17 years, 7 months
October 2008 2786 31 +11 4 17 years, 10 months
January 2009 2776 17 −10 4 18 years, 1 month
April 2009 2770 27 −6 3 18 years, 4 months
July 2009 2772 12 +2 3 18 years, 7 months
September 2009 2772 10 0 4 18 years, 9 months
November 2009 2801 10 +29 2 18 years, 11 months
January 2010 2810 16 +9 1 19 years, 1 month
March 2010 2813 13 +3 1 19 years, 3 months
May 2010 2813 0 0 1 19 years, 5 months
July 2010 2826 10 +13 1 19 years, 7 months
September 2010 2826 0 0 1 19 years, 9 months
November 2010 2802 14 −24 2 19 years, 11 months
January 2011 2814 17 +12 1 20 years, 1 month
March 2011 2815 13 +1 2 20 years, 3 months
May 2011 2815 0 0 2 20 years, 5 months
July 2011 2821 10 +6 1 20 years, 7 months
September 2011 2823 10 +2 1 20 years, 9 months
November 2011 2826 10 +3 1 20 years, 11 months
January 2012 2835 17 +9 1 21 years, 1 month
March 2012 2835 13 0 1 21 years, 3 months
May 2012 2835 0 0 1 21 years, 5 months
July 2012 2837 9 +2 1 21 years, 7 months
August 2012 2837 0 0 1 21 years, 8 months
September 2012 2843 10 +6 1 21 years, 9 months
October 2012 2843 0 0 1 21 years, 10 months
November 2012 2848 10 +5 1 21 years, 11 months
December 2012 2848 0 0 1 22 years
January 2013 2861 8 +13 1 22 years, 1 month
  • bold, new peak rating

Head-to-head record versus selected grandmasters

(Rapid, blitz and blindfold games not included; listed as +wins −losses =draws as of 8 December 2012.)[119]
Players who have been Undisputed World Champions in boldface

Notable games

All the links in this section lead to an external site.

Beyond chess

Magnus Carlsen modeled for G-Star Raw's Autumn/Winter 2010 advertising campaign.[120]

Books and films

  • Valaker, O; Carlsen, M. (2004). Lær sjakk med Magnus. Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. ISBN 978-82-05-33963-7.
  • Agdestein, S. (2004). Wonderboy: How Magnus Carlsen became the Youngest Chess Grandmaster in the World. Interchess. ISBN 90-5691-131-7.
  • The Prince of Chess, a film about Magnus Carlsen (2005) Directed by Øyvind Asbjørnsen.[121]
  • Mikhalchishin, Adrian; Stetsko, Oleg. (2012). Fighting Chess with Magnus Carlsen (Progress in Chess). Edition Olms. ISBN 978-3-283-01020-1.

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News items and interviews

Achievements
Preceded by World Blitz Chess Champion
2009 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Veselin Topalov
Viswanathan Anand
Viswanathan Anand
 World No. 1
1 January 2010 – 31 October 2010
1 January 2011 – 28 February 2011
1 July 2011 – present 		Succeeded by
Viswanathan Anand
Viswanathan Anand
Incumbent

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