Military production during World War II

During World War II, women worked in factories throughout much of the United States.

File:Indian women building airfield WWII.jpg

Women building an airfield in Bengal 1944. 14 million Indians worked in military production.

Hard pressed Russian women worked in city factories at the height of the Siege of Leningrad

The mobilisation of funds, people, natural resources and matériel for the production and supply of military equipment and military forces during World War II was a critical component of the war effort. Over the course of the conflict, the Allies outpaced the Axis powers in most categories of production, but not all. Access to the funding and industrial resources necessary to sustain their war efforts were directly linked to the composition and integration of their respective economic and political alliances. As formerly neutral powers such as the United States joined the escalating conflict, territory changed hands and combatants were defeated, the balance of power shifted, eventually in favour of the Allies, as did the means to sustain the scale of military production required to finally win the war.

War production data includes the arms, munitions, natural resources, personnel and financing, mobilised to execute the war. War production is not a precisely defined term and for this article is taken to mean everything produced by the belligerents between the occupation of Austria in early 1938 to the surrender and occupation of Japan in late 1945.

Historic context

File:Bundesarchiv R 49 Bild-0025, Ausstellung "Planung und Aufbau im Osten", Schautafel.jpg

"Designing and Building the East"

In the 1930's, political forces within Germany increased financial investment in the military, to developed the armed forces required to support various near and long term political and territorial goals. Germany's economic, scientific, research and industrial capabilities were perhaps the most technically advanced, if not the largest nor most efficient, in the world at the time and were able to provide sustained support for a rapidly growing and innovative military. However, access to and control of the resources and production capacity required to entertain long-term goals such as direct and indirect control over Europe, the territorial expansion of Germany and the destruction of the USSR, were limited. Political demands necessitated the expansion of Germany's direct control over natural and human resources, industrial capacity and farm lands, outside of its current borders. Germany's military production was therefore directly tied to accessing resources largely located outside of its area of direct political control, a dynamic not found amongst the Allies.

Britain's empire prior to the war

In 1938 the British Empire and Commonwealth was a global superpower with direct political and economic control over 25% of the world's population, industry and resources, and effective power over much more. Their influence on the course of the war can not be overstated. From 1938 to mid-1942 the British coordinated the entire Allied effort in all global theatres. They fought the German, Italian, Japanese and Vichy armies, air forces and navies across Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, India, the Mediterranean, and in the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific and Arctic oceans. Empire forces destroyed the Italian armies in North and East Africa, and pre-emptively occupied overseas colonies of occupied European nations, such as Iceland, Syria and Lebanon. In numerous successful engagements against Axis forces, British Empire troops invaded and occupied Libya, Italian Somaliland, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran and Iraq. The Empire funded and delivered critically needed supplies by Arctic convoys to the USSR at its most critical juncture, and supported Free French Forces to recapture French Equatorial Africa. They also established governments in exile, in London, to rally support within Occupied Europe for the allied effort. Using their pre-war strength the British Empire defeated, held back or slowed the Axis powers for 3 years while mobilizing its globally integrated economy and industrial infrastructure to build, what would become by 1942, the largest and most extensive military apparatus of the war. This allowed their later allies, such as the United States, to mobilise their own economies and develop the military forces required to play an instrumental role in the war effort, and for the British Empire itself to go on the offensive in its various theatres of operation.

First atomic bomb

The entry of the United States into the war in late 1941 delivered a massive injection of financial, human and industrial potential. As with the Commonwealth countries, the US was eventually able to produce far more than its own military forces required, and it armed both itself and its many allies. From nearly a standing start the US produced vast quantities of arms and munitions, for what was the most industrialized war in history. In May 1940, Franklin D. Roosevelt stunned his nation by calling for the production of 185,000 aeroplanes, 120,000 tanks, 55,000 anti-aircraft guns and 18 million tons of merchant shipping, within two years. Adolf Hitler was reassured by his top advisors that this was impossible, and just an example of American propaganda. In 1939, total aircraft production for the US military had been less than 3,000 planes annually. By the end of the war, US factories produced 300,000 planes. By 1944 the US had produced two-thirds of the Allied military equipment used in the war, and were bringing massive military forces into play in North and South America, the Caribbean, the Atlantic, Western Europe and the Pacific. The US continued to produce enormous quantities of military equipment right into late 1945, including nuclear weapons, at which point the United States became one of the strongest, and certainly the most technically advanced, military forces in the world.

File:Roza Shanina.jpg

Total war

The human and social cost of the war on the populations of the USSR were extraordinary. Military combat deaths alone numbered in the tens of millions. Recognising the fundamental importance of their population and industrial production to the war effort, the USSR evacuated the majority of its European territory, moving 2,500 factories, 17 million people and enormous quantities of resources to the east . Far out of the reach of Germany the USSR was able to produce the equipment and forces critical to the eventual defeat of the Axis in Europe. Fighting for their very existence over 1,000,000 women also served in the armed forces. The social, economic and military mobilisation of the USSR against the Axis is one of the most compelling stories of the period.

Industrial arms production

The statistics below reveal the extent to which Allied powers out produced the Axis. Production of machine tools tripled. Thousands of ships were constructed in shipyards that didn't exist before the war. As William S. Knudsen observed, "We won because we smothered the enemy in an avalanche of production, the like of which he had never seen, nor dreamed possible." Military production ebbs and flows in line with politics, social beliefs, shifting alliances, territorial expansion and contraction, military victories and defeats. State propaganda sustained working people with visions of victory and scared them with nightmares of defeat. Access to more resources, the ability to build up arms in relative peace, political control over working populations, and access to large international labour pools were critical to the eventual victory of the Allies. The story of World War Two is very much the story of the production of victory.

Production summaries 1938–1945

Our Answer All-Out Production, Canada, WWII Propaganda Poster.

Organize Labour Service Corps, Japan, WWII Propaganda Poster

Personnel

US propaganda during World War II, urging citizens to increase production.

File:Vichy War Production Propaganda.jpg

"At work in Germany you are an ambassador of French quality" Vichy France WWII propaganda poster

Service	Allies	Axis
Combat	x	x
Auxiliary	x	x
Merchant Marine	x	x
Irregulars	x	x
Total	80,000,000	30,000,000

Major weapons groups

System	Allies	Axis
Tanks, SPGs, Vehicles	4,358,649	670,288
Artillery, Mortars, Guns	6,792,696	1,363,491
Aircraft	637,248	229,331
Missiles	0	45,458
Ships	54,932	1,670
Nuclear Weapons	3	0

Economy

	Allies	Axis
GDP	Int$ 12,321,000,000	Int$ 5,556,000,000
Expenditure

• Billions of international dollars, at 1990 prices

Vital commerce and raw materials

Category	Allies	Axis
Cargo ships	47,118	x
Merchant shipping	46,817,172	5,621,967
Coal	4,581,400,000	2,629,900,000
Crude oil	1,043,000,000	66,000,000
Steel	733,006,633	x
Aluminium	5,104,697	1,199,150
Asbestos	3,934,043	x

* Cargo and resources in metric tonnes

Production overview: service, power and type

Air forces

Power	Total	Fighters	Attack	Bombers	Recon	Transport	Training	Other	Personnel
British Empire	177,025	38,786	33,811	38,158	7,014	12,585	46,256	415	1,927,395
USA and territories	324,000	99,000	0	97,000	0	23,000	57,000	0	2,400,000
USSR	136,223	22,301	37,549	21,116	0	17,332	4,061	0
Other
ALLIES	637,248	164,087	71,360	156,274	7,014	52,917	107,317	415
Germany and territories	133,387	57,653	8,991	28,577	5,025	8,396	14,311	11,361	3,402,200
Hungary	1,113	513	272	128	0	200	0	0
Italian Empire	13,402	6,157	34	3,381	388	2,471	968	3
Japanese Empire	71,580	26,548	21,639	13,839	3,709	1,073	3,420	1,376
Other	9,849	881	4	395	318	1,880	5,145	57
AXIS	229,338	91,752	30,936	46,320	11,002	9,176	22,944	12,794

Land Forces

Power	Tanks & SPGs	Armoured Vehicles	Other Vehicles	Artillery	Mortars	Machine Guns	Personnel
British Empire	47,862	47,420	1,475,521	226,113	239,540	1,090,410	11,192,533
USA and territories	102,410		2,382,311	257,390	105,055	2,679,840	10,000,000
USSR	106,025		197,100	516,648	200,300	1,477,400
Other
ALLIES	256,297	47,420	4,054,932	1,000,151	544,895	5,247,650	'
Germany and territories	67,429	345,914	159,147	73,484	674,280		16,540,835
Hungary	908			447		4,583
Italian Empire	3,368		83,000	7,200	22,000
Japanese Empire	3,724		165,945	13,350	29,000	380,000
Other
AXIS	'	'	'	'	'	'	'

Naval Forces

Power	Total Large Ships	Carriers	Battle ships	Cruisers	Destroyers	Frigates	Corvettes	Sloops	Patrol Boats	Submarines	De/ Mining	Landing craft	Personnel
British Empire	6,771	36(24)	6	102	291	209	387	33	4,209	238	1,244	9,538	1,227,415
USA and territories	890	163(141)	8	48	349					245		35,000	x
USSR			2	2	25					52
Other
Allies		199(165)	16	152	665	209	387	33	4,209	568	1,244	44,538
Germany & territories					17					1,152			1,500,000
Italian Empire			3	6	6					63
Japanese Empire		16	2	9	63					199
Other
Axis	'	'	'	'	'	'	'			1,414

"Everything for the Front. Everything for Victory, USSR WWII propaganda poster

"I'm making bombs and buying bonds!-Buy Victory Bonds." Canada World War II propaganda poster.

"Work and Fight for your Country and Victory", Italy, WWII propaganda poster

Commercial forces

	British Empire	USA	USSR	Germany	Hungary	Italy	Japan	Romania
Harbour craft	1,092
Cargo	1,361
Cargo tonnage	12,823,942	33,993,230				1,469,606	4,152,361

Vital resources

Country	Coal	Iron Ore	Crude Oil	Steel	Aluminium	Nickel	Zinc
!a	-9999	-9999	-9999
USA	2,149.7	396.9	833.2
Britain	1,441.2	119.2	90.8	3.700	0.205
Australia	83.1						1.56
India	196.7	6.0		1.12
Canada	101.9	3.6	8.4	16.4	3.500
New Zealand	18
USSR	590.8	71.3	110.6		0.263	0.069	0.384
Total Allied
Reich	2,420.3	240.7	33.4		1.9	0.046	2.1
Japan	184.5	21.0	5.2
Italy	16.9	4.4
Hungary	6.6	14.1	3.1
Romania	1.6	10.8	25.0
Total Axis
~z	99999999	99999999	99999999

All figures in millions of tonnes

See also: Swedish iron ore during World War II

Reference data for summary tables

The relationship in GDP between the major Allied and Axis powers 1938-1945

GDP

GDP provides insight into the relative strength of the belligerents in the run up to, and during the conflict.

Gross domestic product

Country	1938	1939	1940	1941	1942	1943	1944	1945
Britain	284	287	316	344	353	361	346	331
Dominions	115	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Colonies	285	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
British Empire	684	287	316	344	353	361	346	331
France	186	199	82/82	130	116	110	93	101
Colonies	49	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
French Empire	235	199	82/82	130	116	110	93	101
USSR	359	366	417	359	274	305	362	343
USA & Territories	800	869	943	1,094	1,235	1,399	1,499	1,474
Germany	376	411	416	441	444	454	466	322
Occupied	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Greater Germany	376	411	416	441	444	454	466	322
Italy	141	151	147	144	145	137	117	92
Occupied	3	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Italian Empire	144	151	147	144	145	137	117	92
Japan	169	184	192	196	197	194	189	144
Occupied	63	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Japanese Empire	232	184	192	196	197	194	189	144
Allied Total:	919	486	398	1,927	1,978	2,065	2,207	2,341
Axis Total:	376	411	837	911	902	895	758	466
Allied/Axis GDP:	2.51	1.18	0.54	1.75	2.06	2.31	2.86	5.02

Table notes

1. Billions of international dollars, at 1990 prices.
2. Adjusted annually for changing compositions within each alliance.
3. France to Axis: 1940:50% (light green), 1941-44:100% (brown)
4. USSR to Allies: 1941:44% (light green), 1942-1945:100%.
5. US to Allies begins with Lend Lease in March 1941
6. Italy to Allies and Axis: 1938:0%, 1939-1943:100% Axis (brown), 1944-1945:100% Allies
7. Japanese to Axis begins with Tripartite Pact in 1940
8. The Allied and Axis totals are not the immediate sum of the table values; see the distribution rules used above.
9. GDP ratio: A 2.06 ratio means combined Allied GDP was 2.06 times higher than Axis GDP.

Personnel - Allied - British Empire

Including all non-British subjects in British services.

	Army	Army (female)	Navy	Navy (female)	Marines	Air Force	Air Force (female)	Auxiliary	Merchant Marine	Partisans	Total combat	Other labour
Australia	727,703	24,026	36,976	3,000	0	124,007	27,000		4,500		942,712
Argentina vol	1,700		1,700			599	1				4,000
Bechuana	10,000										10,000
Belgium	42,300		1,200			1,900					45,770	370
Britain	3,300,000	210,309	865,000	74,000	78,500	1,208,000	181,909	1,500,000	185,000		7,602,718
B. Indian Ocean	6,500										6,500
Canada	705,374	25,251	99,822	7,100		222,501	27,123	82,163	18,000		1,187,334
Caymans			201						800		1001
China									10,000		10,000
Cyprus	30,000										30,000
Czech	4,000					2,000					6,000
East Africa	200,000										200,000
Egypt	100,000										100,000
Fiji	3,050							1,071			4,121
France			3,700			20					3,720
Greece	5,000	0	8,500	0	0	250	0	0	0	0	14,000
Guiana, British	32	10	42	0	0	33	0	48	0	0	196	31
Hong Kong	2,200	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,200
India	2,444,779	11,000	45,947	0	0	30,000	0	0	50,000	0	2,581,726	14,000,000
Ireland	70,000	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,000
Kenya	98,240	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,240
Luxembourg	80	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	80
Malaysia	1,500	0	1,450	0	0	0	0	3,215	0	4,800	10,965
Nepal	250,280	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	250,280
Netherlands	4,000	1,000	0	0	0	1000	0	0	0	0	6,000
Newfoundland	3,503	500	2,889	0	0	712	0	0	10,000	0	21,204	3,600
New Zealand	125,000	3,905	10,139	700	0	37,250	4,750	124,000	3,000	0	308,744
Nigeria	121,652	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	121,652
Norway	4,000	0	7,500	0	0	2,700	0	0	0	0	14,200
Palestine	5,000	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,000
Poland	215,000	0	4,000	0	0	20,000	0	0	0	0	239,000
Sudan	20,000	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,000
South Africa	334,000	0	13,269	280	75	0	12,000	0	0	0	359,624
Southern Africa	77,767	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,767
USA	0	0	0	0	0	8,000	0	0	0	0	8,000
West Africa	200,000	0	0	0	0	10,000	0	0	0	0	210,000
West Indies	10,000	0	40000	0	0	5,560	80	0	0	0	55,640
British Empire	9,122,660	276,001	1,142,335	85,080	78,575	1,674,532	252,863	1,710,497	281,300	4,800	14,692,644	14,004,001

Note:

1. Auxiliary units include Home Guard, Reserves, Police regiments, etc

Personnel - Axis - German Reich

Including all non-German subjects in German services.

	Army	Army (female)	Navy	Navy (female)	Marines	Air Force	Air Force (female)	Auxiliary	Merchant marine	Partisans	Total combat	Other labour
Albania	9,000										9,000
Arab legion	20,000										20,000
Belgium	22,000										22,000
British Empire	1,500										1,500
Bulgaria	700										7000
Croatia	55,500		500			400		32,000			88,400
Czech
Denmark	12,000										12,000
Finland vol	2,500										2,500
France & Ter	8,000		4,500					5,080			17,580	348,500
Germany & Ter	14,793200		1,500,000			3,400,000					19,693,200
Greece								22,000			22,000
Hungary	40,000										40,000
India	2,000										2,000
Italy	18,000										18,000
Luxembourg	12,035										12,035
Netherlands	45,000										45,000
Norway	50,000		1,500			1,500					53,000
Poland	75,000							45,000			120,000
Portugal	200										200
Romania	55,000										55,000
Serbia	10,000										10,000
Slovakia
Slovenia	6,000										6,000
Spain	47,000										47,000
Sweden	300										300
Switzerland	800										800
USA	20										20
USSR	1,051,000					300		100,000			1,151,300
German Reich	16,336,755		1,506,500			3,402,200		204,080			21,449,535	348,000

Note:

1. Auxiliary units include Home Guard, Wehrmachtsgefolge, Reserves, Police regiments, etc
2. USSR includes Armenia 4k SS,14k Wehr, 7k Aux; Azerbaijan 55k SS, 70k Wehr; Belarus 12k Wehr, 20k Aux; Cossack 200k Wehr; Estonia 20k SS, 50k Wehr, 7k Aux; Georgia 10k SS; 30k Wehr; Kalmyk 5k Wehr; Latvia 55k SS; 87k Wehr, 300 Air, 23k Aux; Lithuania 50k Wehr, 10 Aux; North Caucuses 4k SS; Russia 60k SS, 26k Wehr; Turkestan 16k Wehr; Ukrainian 300k Wehr; 2k Aux; Tatar/Urals 12k Wehr

Aircraft - Allied - British Empire

Australian World War II propaganda poster

Fighters	Australia	Britain	Canada	India	NZ	SA	Total
Blenheim		5,519	626				6,145
Boomerang	250						250
Brigand		14					14
Defiant		1,065					1065
Firebrand		230					230
Firefly		1,702					1,702
Fulmar		600					600
Gladiator		368					368
Hornet		197					197
Meteor		250					250
Mohawk IV				5			5
Mustang	200						18
Roc		136					136
Seafire		2,334					2,334
Sea Gladiator		60					60
Spitfire		20,351					20,351
Tempest		1,702					1,702
Vampire		244					244
Welkin		77					77
Whirlwind		116					116
	450	37,705	626	5			38,786
Attack	Australia	Britain	Canada	India	NZ	SA
Beaufighter	364	5,564					5,928
Helldiver			1,134				1,134
Hurricane		14,231	1,451				15,682
Mosquito	212	6,199	1,134				7,545
Skua		192					192
Typhoon		3,330					3,330
	576	29,516	3,719				33,811
Bomber	Australia	Britain	Canada	India	NZ	SA
Albacore		800					800
Barracuda		2,607					2,607
Beaufort	700	1,429					2,129
Buckingham		119					119
Halifax		6,178					6,178
Hampden		1,270	160				1,430
Hereford		152					152
Lancaster		7307	430				7,377
Lincoln	73	530	1				604
Manchester		202					202
Stirling		2,383					2,383
Swordfish		2,396					2,396
Wellington		11,461					11,461
Whitely		1,780					1,780
	773	36,794	591				38,158
Reconnaissance & patrol	Australia	Britain	Canada	India	NZ	SA
Auster		1,800					1,800
Bolingbroke			676				626
Bombay		51					51
Botha		580					580
Cub			150				150
Lerwick		21					21
Osprey		9					9
PBV Canso		272	721				993
Sea Otter		292					292
Seaford		10					10
Shark			17				17
Stranraer		17	40				57
Sunderland		767					767
Walrus		746					746
Warwick		845					845
		5,410	1604				7,014
Transport	Aus	Britain	Can	India	NZ	SA
Aerovan		52					52
Albatross		7					7
Albemarle		602					602
CAC Gliders	8						8
Delta			19				19
DHA-G1/G2	8						8
Dragon	87						87
Dragon Rapide		474					474
Short Empire		42					42
Ensign		15					15
Flamingo		14					14
50 Freighter			5				5
Hamilcar		412					412
Hengist		18					18
Horsa		5,000					5,000
Hotspur		1,015					1,015
Lancastrian		82	6				82
Lysander		1,445	225				1,670
Messenger		93					93
Monarch		11					11
Monitor		22					22
Norseman			861				861
S.26		3					3
Whitley		1,814					1,814
York		259	1				259
Other
	103	11,380	1,117				12,600
TRAINING	Aus	Britain	Can	India	NZ	SA
Anson		8,488	3,197				11,685
Battle		2,201
Buckmaster		112
Cornell (PT-19/26)			1,642
Don		30
Finch			606
Fort			101
Harlow PC-5			5	50
Harvard			3,985
Magister		1,303
Martinet		1,724
Master		3,250
Mentor		45
Moth Minor		100
Oxford		8,586
Proctor		1,143
Tiger Moth	1,080	5,738	1,748		150		8,716
Tipsey B		15
Wackett	202
Wirraway	755
	2,037	32,735	11,284	50	150		46,256
OTHER	Australia	Canada	Britain	India	NZ	SA	Empire
Prototypes	2	3	61
Other		10	339
	2	13	400				415
TOTAL	'x	x	x	x	x	x	x

Aircraft - Axis - All

Occupied countries produced weapons for the Axis powers. Figures are for the period of occupation only.

Fighters	Belgium	Bulgaria	Czech	Netherlands	Finland	France	Germany	Hungary	Italy	Japan	Poland	Romania	Yugoslavia	Total
A6M										10,939
AR240							14
B-135			12
B-534			78
Ba 349 rocket							36
Bf 109							33,142	309						33,984
C.200/202/205									2,766
CR 25									12
CR 42									1,782
D.520						180
Do 17							1,719						70	1,789
Do 335							37
Fc 20									6
Fk 52				6
Fw 190							20,000
G.50									666
G.55									305
He 100							25
He 112							60
He 162 jet							320
He 219							300
IAR 80												346
IK-3													12
J1N										479
J2M										621
Ki-10										283
Ki-27										3,399
Ki-44										1,227
Ki-61										3,159
Ki-84										3,514
Ki-100										395
Ki-102										238
MB.150						35
Me 163 rocket							370			7				377
Me 262 jet							1,430
MXY7										852
N1K										1,435
P24											25	25		50
Re.2000-2005								204	531					735
Ro.57									75
SAI.207									14
Ta 152/154							200
VL Myrsky					51
VL Pyry					41
Total			90	6	92	215	57,653	513	6,157	26,548	25	371	82	91,752
ATTACK	Belgium	Bulgaria	Czech	Dutch	Finland	France	Germany	Italy	Japan	Hungary	Poland	Romania	Yugoslavia
A.304			4
A6M2-N									327
Ba.65/88								367
Ca 309-314								1342
D3A									1,486
He 115							138
Hs 129							865
Ju 87							6,500
Ki-27									3,368
Ki-30									704
Ki-43									5,919
Ki-45									1,701
Ki-48									1,997
Ki-51									2,385
Ki-84									3,514
Ki-102									238
Me 210							400			272				672
Me 410							1,189
SM 85								34
Total			4				9,092	34	21,639	272				30,903
BOMBERS	Belgium	Bulgaria	Czech	Dutch	Finland	France	Germany	Hungary	Italy	Japan	Poland	Romania	Yugoslavia
Ar 234							210
B5N							0			1,149
B6N							0			1,268
B7A							0			114
B.R.20							0		602
Ca.135									140
D4Y										2,038
Do 22							30		0	0
Do 17Z							420		0	0
Do 215							112		0	0
Do 217							1025		0	0
Fi 167							14		0	0
Fw 200							276		0	0
G3M							0		0	1,048
G4M							0		0	2,435
He 111							7,300		0	0
He 177							1,190		0	0
IAR 37							0		0	0		380
Ju 88/188/388							16,517		0	0
Ki-21							0		0	2,064
Ki-32							0		0	854
Ki-49							0		0	819
Ki-67/109							0		0	767
M6A							0		0	28
P.108							35		0	0
P1Y									0	1,102
Q1W									0	153
S.M.79									1,350
S.M.84									309
TV				15
WM-21								128
Z.506B									320
Z. 1007									660
Total				15			27,129	128	3,381	13,839		380		44,872

See also

• Combined Food Board
• Combined Munitions Assignments Board
• Combined Raw Materials Board
• Combined Shipping Adjustment Board
• German armored fighting vehicle production during World War II
• American armored fighting vehicle production during World War II
• Soviet armored fighting vehicle production during World War II

References

Table Data

Personnel -Allied - British Empire

This includes all British and non-British subjects serving within British Empire forces.

• Argentine Volunteers
• Second World War Official Histories
• Australia 2
• Canada
• Colonel C.P. Stacey, "Repatriation and Demoblization", The Canadian Army 1939-1945: An Official Historical Summary {{citation}}: |chapter= ignored (help)
• Daniel Owen Spence, Cayman Islands Imperial Loyalties, 'Imagined Communities' and 'Britishness': The Royal Navy and the Cayman Islands {{citation}}: Check |url= value (help)
• Marika Sherwood (30 March 2011), Colonies, Colonials and World War Two, BBC History
• East Africa
• Fiji
• India
• India 2
• India 3
• India Pioneers
• India RIAF
• Luxembourg
• Malay 2
• Merchant Navy
• Netherlands
• Netherlands 2
• Newfoundland
• New Zealand
• Nigeria
• Royal Air Force
• South Africa 2
• South Africa 3
• South Africa 4
• Martin Plaut (11 March 2014), West Africa African troops who fought in World War Two, Martin Plaut {{citation}}: Check |url= value (help)
• West Africa 2
• West Africa 3
• "Fact File : Commonwealth and Allied Forces", WWII Peoples War, BBC

Personnel - Axis

This includes all German and non-German subjects serving within German Reich forces.

• Croatia 2, Munoz 1996
• Croatia 3, Tomasevich 2001
• Croatia, feldgrau.com
• Czech
• Daniel Laurent, French Volunteers in the Wehrmacht in WWII, feldgrau.com
• Germany, feldgrau.com
• Poland 2
• Lt. Gen Wladyslaw Anders and Antonio Munoz, Russian Volunteers in the German Wehrmacht in WWII, feldgrau.com
• The Latvian Squadrons in the Luftwaffe, Latvianaviation.com
• Volunteers, Ailsby 2004
• Volunteers 2
• Volunteer Pilots

Aircraft - Allied

• Australia
• Bristol Brigand
• Free Dutch
• New Zealand
• General
• Barnes 1989
• Bishop 2002
• Bowyer 1980
• Butler 2004
• Flint 2006
• Green 1967
• Jackson 1987
• Jane's 1989
• Mason 1994
• Morgan ?
• Otway 1990
• Swanborough 1997
• Tapper 1988
• The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft, 1985

Aircraft - Allied - Other

• Fo.108 (12)
• GAL Cygnet(10)
• GAL Monospar ST-25(30)
• Hawker Henley (200)
• Hawker Sea Fury(10)
• Maple Leaf Trainer II (10)
• Miles M15 (2)
• Miles M18 (3)
• Miles Mercury (6)
• Percival Petrel (27)
• Percival Vega Gull (~20)
• Supermarine Spiteful (19)

Aircraft - Allied - Protoypes

• Arpin A-1 (1)
• Airspeed Cambridge (2)
• Airspeed Fleet Shadower (1)
• Avro Tudor (2)
• Blackburn B-20 (1)
• Boulton Paul P.92 (1)
• Burnelli CBY-3 (2)
• CAC Woomera (2)
• Chrislea Airguard (1)
• de Havilland Dove (1)
• de Havilland T.K.5 (1)
• Fairey Spearfish (5)
• Fane F.1/40 (1)
• General Aircraft Cagnet (1)
• General Aircraft Owlet (1)
• General Aircraft Fleet Shadower (1)
• General Aircraft GAL.47 (1)
• General Aircraft GAL.55 (2)
• General Aircraft GAL.56 (4)
• Gregor FDB 1 (1)
• Gloster F.5/34 (2)
• Gloster F.9/37 (2)
• Handley Page Manx (1)
• Hawker Hotspur (1)
• Hawker Tornado (4)
• Miles M.20 (2)
• Miles X Minor (1)
• Miles M.35 (1)
• Miles M.39 (1)
• Miles LR 5 (1)
• Parnall 382 (1)
• Reid and Sigrist R.S.1/2 (2)
• Saro A33 (1)
• Saro Shrimp (1)
• Short Shetland (2)
• Supermarine Type 322 (2)
• Vickers Type 432 (1)
• Vickers VC.1 Viking (1)
• Vickers Windsor (3)

Aircraft - Axis

• Italy
• Dressel and Griehl 1994
• Encyclopeadia of weapons of World War Two
• Francillon 1970
• The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft, 1985
• Jane's 1989
• Mondey 1996
• Smith and Anthony ?

Raw materials

• The Mineral Industry of the British Empire and Foreign Countries, Statistical Summary 1938-1944, The Imperial Institute, HMSO, 1948
• The Mineral Industry of the British Empire and Foreign Countries, Statistical Summary 1941-1947, The Imperial Institute, HMSO, 1949

Official histories

• History of the Second World War (104 volumes), Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London 1949 to 1993
• Official History of Australia in the War of 1939–1945 (22 volumes), Australian Government Printing Service, 1952 to 1977
• Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War, Vol I Six Years of War, Stacey, C P., Queen's Printer, Ottawa, 1955
• Official History of the Indian Armed Forces in the Second World War 1939-45 (24 volumes), Combined Inter-Services Historical Section, India & Pakistan, New Dehli, 1956-1966
• Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–45, Historical Publications Branch, Wellington, New Zealand, 1965

Bibliography

• Ailsby, Christopher, Hitler's Renegades: Foreign Nationals in the Service of the Third Reich (Photographic Histories), Potomac Books, 2004
• Barnett, Correlli, The audit of war : the illusion & reality of Britain as a great nation, Macmillan, 1986
• Barnes, C.H.; James D.N. Shorts Aircraft since 1900, London, Putnam, 1989
• Bishop, Chris, The Encyclopaedia of Weapons of World War II, Sterling Publishing, 2002
• Bowyer, Michael J.F. Aircraft for the Royal Air Force: The "Griffon" Spitfire, The Albemarle Bomber and the Shetland Flying-Boat, London, Faber & Faber, 1980
• Boyd, David, Wartime Production by the Commonwealth during WWII in World War Two Equipment, 2009
• Butler, Tony. British Secret Projects: Fighters and Bombers 1935–1950. Hinckley, UK: Midland Publishing, 2004
• Canada at War, "The Canadian War Industry", http://www.canadaatwar.ca/content-17/world-war-ii/canadian-war-industry/
• Dressel, Joachim and Manfred Griehl. Bombers of the Luftwaffe. London: DAG Publications, 1994
• Flint, Keith, Airborne Armour: Tetrarch, Locust, Hamilcar and the 6th Airborne Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment 1938-1950. Helion & Company Ltd., 2006
• Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, London, Putnam, 1970
• Gregg, W.A ed., Canada’s Fighting Vehicles Europe 1943-1945, Canadian Military Historical Society, 1980
• Green, William. War Planes of The Second World War:Volume Seven - Bombers and Reconnaissance Aircraft. London: Macdonald, 1967
• Harrison, Mark, "The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison", Cambridge University Press, 1998
• Herman, Arthur. Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II, Random House, New York, 2012
• The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985). London: Orbis Publishing, 1985
• Jackson, A.J., De Havilland Aircraft since 1909 (Third ed.), London, Putnam, 1987
• Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II, London, Studio Editions Ltd, 1989
• "Les luxembourgeois de la Brigade Piron". Armee.lu. Retrieved 29 June 2013
• Long, Jason, Lend Lease as a Function of the Soviet war Economy, http://www.sturmvogel.orbat.com/SovLendLease.html/ Retrieved June 12, 2014
• Mason, Francis K. The British Bomber since 1914, London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1994
• Milward, Alan S., War, economy, and society, 1939-1945, University of California Press, 1979
• Morgan, Eric B. "Albemarle" in Twentyfirst Profile, Volume 1, No. 11. New Milton, Hants, UK: 21st Profile Ltd.
• Munoz, A.J., For Croatia and Christ: The Croatian Army in World War II 1941–1945, Axis Europa Books,NY, 1996
• Mondey, David. The Concise Guide to Axis Aircraft of World War II. New York: Bounty Books, 1996
• Ness, Leland, Jane's World War II Tanks and Fighting Vehicles, The Complete Guide, Harper Collins, 2002
• Otway, Lieutenant-Colonel T.B.H. The Second World War 1939-1945 Army: Airborne Forces. London: Imperial War Museum, 1990
• Overy, Richard, Why the Allies Won (Paperback), W. W. Norton & Company, 1997
• Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za
• Smith, J.R. and Anthony L. Kay. German Aircraft of the Second World War. London: Putnam and Company Ltd.,
• Swanborough, Gordon. British Aircraft at War, 1939-1945. East Sussex, UK: HPC Publishing, 1997
• Tapper, Oliver. Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft since 1913. London: Putnam, 1988
• Tomasevich, Jozo, War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration 2. San Francisco: Stanford University Press, 2001
• Veterans Affairs Canada, "Canadian Production of War Materials", http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/history/second-world-war/historical-sheets/material
• Wilson, Stewart, Aircraft of WWII, 1998
• Wrynn, V. Dennis. Forge of Freedom: American Aircraft Production in World War II, Motorbooks International, Osceola, WI, 1995
• Zuljan, Ralph, "Allied and Axis GDP" in Articles On War, http://www.onwar.com/articles/0302.htm, OnWar.com (2003)

External links

• Allies and Lend-Lease Museum, Russia
• Australia War Memorial official war history online archive
• Canada at War
• National War Museum, United States
• New Zealand in the Second World War, official war history online
• South Africa Journal of Military Studies