Anglo-Persian capture of Hormuz: Difference between revisions
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== PERSIAN GULF DAY== |
== PERSIAN GULF DAY== |
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Iranian had named the Capture of Ormuz as the persian gulf day and every year they have a festival to commemorate the even. |
Iranian had named the Capture of Ormuz as the persian gulf day or the [[National Persian Gulf Day]] and every year they have a festival to commemorate the even. |
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[[File:PersianGulfDay2015 IR1394.jpg|thumb|Capture of Ormuz (1622)]] |
[[File:PersianGulfDay2015 IR1394.jpg|thumb|Capture of Ormuz (1622)]] |
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==See also == |
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{{portal|Geography|Bahrain|Iran|Iraq|Oman|Saudi Arabia|United Arab Emirates}} |
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*[[National Persian Gulf Day]] |
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*[[Capture of Ormuz (1622)]] |
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* [[Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf]] |
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* [[Arab cuisine of the Persian Gulf]] |
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* [[Cradle of civilization]] |
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* [[Deluge (prehistoric)]] |
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* [[Gulf of Aden]] |
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* [[Piracy in the Persian Gulf]] |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
Revision as of 08:18, 1 May 2015
Capture of Hormuz | |||||||
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![]() The city and fortress of Ormuz, 17th century. | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
![]() ![]() |
![]() Ormus | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Imam-Quli Khan Captain Blythe | Governor Simão de Melo | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
3000 Persians 5 English warships and 4 pinnaces | Over 1000 | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
Unknown but light |
light, 1000 Surrendered Kingdom of Ormus deposed Portuguese presence in the Gulf reduced to Muscat |
In the 1622 Capture of Ormuz, an Anglo-Persian force combined to take over the Portuguese garrison at Hormuz Island after a ten week siege, thus opening up Persian trade with England in the Persian Gulf.[1] Before the capture of Ormuz, the Portuguese had held the Castle of Ormuz for more than a century, since 1507 when Afonso de Albuquerque established it in the Capture of Ormuz, giving them full control of the trade between India and Europe through the Persian Gulf.[2] "The capture of Ormuz by an Anglo-Persian force in 1622 entirely changed the balance of power and trade".[3]
Anglo-Persian alliance
The English side consisted of a force supplied by the English East India Company[1] consisting of five warships and four pinnaces.[4] The Persians had recently gone to war with the Portuguese, and a Persian army was besieging the Portuguese fort in Kishm, but English help was needed to capture Ormuz.[4] Shah Abbas wished to obtain English support against the Portuguese,[5] and the commander Imam Kuli Khan, son of Allahverdi Khan, negotiated with the English to obtain their support, promising the development of silk trade in their favour.[6] An agreement was signed, providing for the sharing of spoils and customs dues at Hormuz, the repatriations of prisoners according to their faith, and the payment by the Persians of half of the supply costs for the fleet.[7]
Operations
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Qeshm_Portuguese_Castle.jpg/220px-Qeshm_Portuguese_Castle.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Portuguese_Castle_%28Hormuz%29.jpg/220px-Portuguese_Castle_%28Hormuz%29.jpg)
The English fleet first went to Kishm, some 15 miles away, to bombard the Portuguese position.[7] The Portuguese quickly surrendered, and the English casualties were few, but included the famous explorer William Baffin.[7]
The Anglo-Persian fleet then sailed to Ormuz and the Persians disembarked to capture the town.[2] The English bombarded the castle and sank the Portuguese fleet, and Ormuz was finally captured[2] on 22 April 1622.[5] The Portuguese were forced to retreat to another base at Maskat.[2]
Although Portugal and Spain were in a dynastic union between 1580–1640, England and Portugal were not at war, the Duke of Buckingham threatened to sue the Company, but he removed his claim when he received the sum of 10,000 pounds, supposedly 10% of the proceedings of the capture of Ormuz.[1] James I also received the same sum when he complained "Did I deliver you from the complaint of the Spaniards, and do you return me nothing".[1]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Hendrick_van_der_Borcht%2C_Navigator_with_Globe_and_Dividers.jpg/220px-Hendrick_van_der_Borcht%2C_Navigator_with_Globe_and_Dividers.jpg)
The capture of Ormuz gave the opportunity to the Company to develop trade with Persia, attempting to exchange English cloth and other artifacts for silk, but only with difficulty.[1] The English adventurer Robert Shirley also took an interest in developing this trade.[1]
PERSIAN GULF DAY
Iranian had named the Capture of Ormuz as the persian gulf day or the National Persian Gulf Day and every year they have a festival to commemorate the even.
See also
- National Persian Gulf Day
- Capture of Ormuz (1622)
- Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf
- Arab cuisine of the Persian Gulf
- Cradle of civilization
- Deluge (prehistoric)
- Gulf of Aden
- Piracy in the Persian Gulf
Notes
References
- K. N. Chaudhuri The English East India Company: the study of an early joint-stock company 1600–1640 Taylor & Francis, 1999 ISBN 0-415-19076-2
- Percy Molesworth Sykes A History of Persia READ BOOKS, 2006 ISBN 1-4067-2692-3