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==Structure==
==Structure==
[[File:CombinedTaskForce.svg|400px|left|thumb|Participating countries against ISIS]]
[[File:CombinedTaskForce.svg|400px|left|thumb|Participating countries against ISIS]]
The aim of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF–OIR) is reportedly to "degrade and destroy" ISIL.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pomerleau|first=Mark|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/defense/251112-can-the-us-really-destroy-terrorist-groups-like-isis|title=Can the US really destroy terrorist groups like ISIS?|work=The Hill|date=14 August 2015|accessdate=14 September 2015}}</ref> Its establishment by [[US Central Command]] was announced in December 2014, after it was set up to replace the ad hoc arrangements that had previously been established to co-ordinate operations following the rapid gains made by ISIL in Iraq in June.<ref name=Ripley>{{cite news|last=Ripley|first=Tim|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601230929/http://www.janes.com/article/46877/us-sets-up-new-headquarters-for-operation-inherent-resolve|title=US sets up new headquarters for Operation 'Inherent Resolve'|work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly|date=9 December 2014| accessdate=14 September 2015}}</ref> CJTF-OIR is currently commanded by US Lieutenant General [[Sean MacFarland]], an appointment which consolidates 3 commander's tasks,<ref name=oir2015-10-30>[http://www.nationaljournal.com/s/91436/army-lt-gen-sean-macfarland-lead-u-s-fight-against-isis?mref=skybox MacFarland leads the coalition against ISIS] accessdate=2015-10-30</ref> whilst a British Army officer, Major General Robert Bruce, was appointed as his deputy.<ref name=Ripley/> Its headquarters is based at [[Camp Arifjan]] in [[Kuwait]] and includes approximately 500 personnel from 15 nations who are involved in coordinating operations in Iraq.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lekic|first1=Slobodan|last2=Simoes|first2=Hendrick|title=Islamic State tactics and lack of intel strain US strategy|url=http://www.stripes.com/news/islamic-state-tactics-and-lack-of-intel-strain-us-strategy-1.347125|newspaper=Stars and Stripes|date=19 May 2015|accessdate=25 August 2015}}</ref>
The aim of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF–OIR) is reportedly to "degrade and destroy" ISIL.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pomerleau|first=Mark|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/defense/251112-can-the-us-really-destroy-terrorist-groups-like-isis|title=Can the US really destroy terrorist groups like ISIS?|work=The Hill|date=14 August 2015|accessdate=14 September 2015}}</ref> Its establishment by [[US Central Command]] was announced in December 2014, after it was set up to replace the ad hoc arrangements that had previously been established to co-ordinate operations following the rapid gains made by ISIL in Iraq in June.<ref name=Ripley>{{cite news|last=Ripley |first=Tim |url=http://www.janes.com/article/46877/us-sets-up-new-headquarters-for-operation-inherent-resolve |title=US sets up new headquarters for Operation 'Inherent Resolve' |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |date=9 December 2014 |accessdate=14 September 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601230929/http://www.janes.com/article/46877/us-sets-up-new-headquarters-for-operation-inherent-resolve |archivedate=June 1, 2015 }}</ref> CJTF-OIR is currently commanded by US Lieutenant General [[Sean MacFarland]], an appointment which consolidates 3 commander's tasks,<ref name=oir2015-10-30>[http://www.nationaljournal.com/s/91436/army-lt-gen-sean-macfarland-lead-u-s-fight-against-isis?mref=skybox MacFarland leads the coalition against ISIS] accessdate=2015-10-30</ref> whilst a British Army officer, Major General Robert Bruce, was appointed as his deputy.<ref name=Ripley/> Its headquarters is based at [[Camp Arifjan]] in [[Kuwait]] and includes approximately 500 personnel from 15 nations who are involved in coordinating operations in Iraq.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lekic|first1=Slobodan|last2=Simoes|first2=Hendrick|title=Islamic State tactics and lack of intel strain US strategy|url=http://www.stripes.com/news/islamic-state-tactics-and-lack-of-intel-strain-us-strategy-1.347125|newspaper=Stars and Stripes|date=19 May 2015|accessdate=25 August 2015}}</ref>


As part of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve, those who have conducted airstrikes in [[Iraq]] include the [[United States]], [[Australia]], [[Canada]], [[Denmark]], [[France]], [[Jordan]], the [[Netherlands]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. Those who have conducted airstrikes in [[Syria]] include the [[United States]], [[Australia]], [[Bahrain]], [[Canada]], [[France]],the [[Netherlands]], [[Jordan]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Turkey]], the [[United Arab Emirates]] and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defense.gov/News-Article-View/Article/621107/airstrikes-hit-isil-terrorists-in-syria-iraq|title=Airstrikes Hit ISIL Terrorists in Syria, Iraq|date=30 September 2015|work=U.S. Department of Defense|accessdate=1 October 2015}}</ref>
As part of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve, those who have conducted airstrikes in [[Iraq]] include the [[United States]], [[Australia]], [[Canada]], [[Denmark]], [[France]], [[Jordan]], the [[Netherlands]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. Those who have conducted airstrikes in [[Syria]] include the [[United States]], [[Australia]], [[Bahrain]], [[Canada]], [[France]],the [[Netherlands]], [[Jordan]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Turkey]], the [[United Arab Emirates]] and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defense.gov/News-Article-View/Article/621107/airstrikes-hit-isil-terrorists-in-syria-iraq|title=Airstrikes Hit ISIL Terrorists in Syria, Iraq|date=30 September 2015|work=U.S. Department of Defense|accessdate=1 October 2015}}</ref>

Revision as of 00:59, 31 March 2016

Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve
The swords and olive branch indicate the dual nature of the Coalition – the defeat of ISIL and the restoration of stability to the region. The seven leaves of the olive branch represent the seven peoples of Iraq: Sunni, Shia, Kurdish, Turkmen, Assyrian, Yazidi, and Armenian. The colors used are a reflection of military assets – brown and green for land components; blue for air and naval. The 3 stars indicate the Command, while the color gold represents the quality of excellence performed by the command in the nation's defense.[1]
Active10 October 2014–present
(10 years, 3 weeks and 5 days)[2][3][4]
Country Iraq
 Syria
Contributing Nations:[1][7][8]
Size6,350[9][10]
Part of United States Central Command
HeadquartersKuwait[11][12]
EngagementsInternational campaign against ISIL
Commanders
Current CommanderUnited States Army Sean MacFarland[13]
Chief of Staff Brig. Gen. Thomas Weidley[3]
Commander of Coalition Joint Forces Land Component Command-IraqUnited States Army Sean MacFarland[14] [15]

Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF–OIR) is the Joint Task Force, established by the international (US-led) coalition against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), set up by the US Central Command to coordinate military efforts against ISIL, and is composed of US military forces and personnel from over 30 countries.[1][16]

Formed in October 2014,[3] its first "coalition integration conference" was held the first week of December 2014.[1]

Current operations are named Operation Inherent Resolve by the United States Department of Defense.

Structure

Participating countries against ISIS

The aim of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF–OIR) is reportedly to "degrade and destroy" ISIL.[17] Its establishment by US Central Command was announced in December 2014, after it was set up to replace the ad hoc arrangements that had previously been established to co-ordinate operations following the rapid gains made by ISIL in Iraq in June.[18] CJTF-OIR is currently commanded by US Lieutenant General Sean MacFarland, an appointment which consolidates 3 commander's tasks,[19] whilst a British Army officer, Major General Robert Bruce, was appointed as his deputy.[18] Its headquarters is based at Camp Arifjan in Kuwait and includes approximately 500 personnel from 15 nations who are involved in coordinating operations in Iraq.[20]

As part of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve, those who have conducted airstrikes in Iraq include the United States, Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Jordan, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Those who have conducted airstrikes in Syria include the United States, Australia, Bahrain, Canada, France,the Netherlands, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom.[21]

A dozen countries are also involved in the Building Partner Capacity (BPC) effort in Iraq. Those who have announced their participation in the program that trains Iraqi forces include Australia, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, United Kingdom and United States. As a result of the BPC program, nearly 6,500 Iraqi forces have completed the training, with approximately 4,500 currently in training.[22]

In August 2015 it was reported that coalition aircraft had flown a total 45,259 sorties in the previous 12 months of operations, with the US Air Force flying the majority, accounting for 67 percent and dropping more than 5,600 bombs in the campaign to date.[23] Meanwhile, The Guardian reported that a team of independent journalists have published details of some 52 airstrikes which have killed more than 450 civilians, including 100 children. The US-led coalition acknowledges only 2 non-combatant deaths.[24]

In October 2015, Tunisia announced it would be joining the CJTF–OIR.[25]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Rosen, Armin (9 December 2014). "The US-Led War On ISIS Now Has A Logo". Business Insider Australia. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  2. ^ "Defense.gov News Article: DoD Authorizes War on Terror Award for Inherent Resolve Ops". Defense.gov. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
  3. ^ a b c "Inside the Coalition to defeat ISIL" (PDF). Combined Joint Task Force — U.S. Department of Defense. 21 April 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  4. ^ Kohn, Sally (14 October 2014). "Warren and Christie Are the Anti-Hillarys". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  5. ^ Spokesperson, Office of the (3 December 2014). "Joint Statement Issued by Partners at the Counter-ISIL Coalition Ministerial Meeting". U.S. Department of State. Participants commended the efforts of the Lebanese Armed Forces in fighting ISIL/Daesh, and noted that ISIL/Daesh's finances and recruitment are also increasingly being challenged through international cooperation. Participants affirmed, however, that a successful campaign against ISIL/Daesh will take time, and will require a sustained, united, and coordinated response. Participants reiterated their long-term commitment to this effort.
  6. ^ CJTF-OIR News Release. "Dec. 8: Military Airstrikes Continue Against ISIL in Syria and Iraq". US Central Command. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  7. ^ "US forms joint anti-ISIL command". The Journal of the Turkish Weekly. 9 December 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  8. ^ "Special Presidential Envoy for the Global Coalition to Counter ISIL". State.gov. 1 October 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
  9. ^ "4,600 International Troops Pledged to Train Iraqi Forces". NewsMilitary.com. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
  10. ^ Harper, Jon (19 December 2014). "1,000 soldiers from the 82nd Airborne headed to Iraq". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
  11. ^ "4,600 international troops pledged to train Iraqi forces". Military Times. 8 December 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  12. ^ Georgy, Michael (13 June 2015). "Militants attack government forces near Iraq's Baiji refinery". Reuters. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  13. ^ MacFarland leads the coalition against ISIS accessdate=2015-10-30
  14. ^ MacFarland leads the coalition against ISIS accessdate=2015-10-30
  15. ^ Tan, Michelle (30 December 2014). "2-star on Iraq: 'Still a big fight going on here'". Army Times. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
  16. ^ Katz, Whitney (13 January 2015). "JECC assists in the establishment of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve" (Press release). JECC Public Affairs. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  17. ^ Pomerleau, Mark (14 August 2015). "Can the US really destroy terrorist groups like ISIS?". The Hill. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  18. ^ a b Ripley, Tim (9 December 2014). "US sets up new headquarters for Operation 'Inherent Resolve'". IHS Jane's Defence Weekly. Archived from the original on June 1, 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ MacFarland leads the coalition against ISIS accessdate=2015-10-30
  20. ^ Lekic, Slobodan; Simoes, Hendrick (19 May 2015). "Islamic State tactics and lack of intel strain US strategy". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  21. ^ "Airstrikes Hit ISIL Terrorists in Syria, Iraq". U.S. Department of Defense. 30 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  22. ^ "Counter-ISIL military coalition concludes operational planning conference" (Press release). U.S. Central Command. 1 May 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  23. ^ Everstine, Brian (7 August 2015). "Operation Inherent Resolve: One year after the first bombs fell". AirForce Times. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  24. ^ Ross, Alice (3 August 2015). "Hundreds of civilians killed in US-led air strikes on Isis targets – report". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  25. ^ "Targets of Russian airstrikes in question". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. 5 October 2015. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
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