List of racing cyclists and pacemakers with a cycling-related death: Difference between revisions
m clean up using AWB |
Cyberbot II (talk | contribs) Rescuing 1 sources. #IABot |
||
Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
| {{dts|format=mdy|1897|4|21}} |
| {{dts|format=mdy|1897|4|21}} |
||
|align=left|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[British Cycling|United Kingdom]]}} |
|align=left|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[British Cycling|United Kingdom]]}} |
||
| Known as "Bert Harris" or "Invincible Harris", he was the fastest short-distance rider in England, the first Professional Cycling Champion of England and was one of the most well-known athletes of his day. His last and fatal race was held at Aston on Easter Monday of 1897 where his cycle touched another rider and he was upset head-first onto the track's surface. Harris died a few days later, never having regained consciousness, and tens of thousands of mourners lined the streets of Leicester for his funeral procession.<ref name = "Argus">{{Cite news|publication-date= June 1, 1897|title = Cycling Notes: The Late A.W. Harris|periodical = The Argus|publication-place= Melbourne, Victoria Australia|page = 6|url =http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article9190384|accessdate =August 3, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cyclinghistory.blogspot.com/2010_03_01_archive.html|title=Recently discovered Peregrine adverts and images|work=Hilldodger's cycling history site|date=March 26, 2010|accessdate=May 9, 2011}}</ref><ref name = "BBC">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/eastmidlands/series11/week2_bert_harris.shtml|title=Bert Harris — superstar|work=BBC|accessdate=May 9, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cyclinghistory.blogspot.com/2008/12/bert-harris-first-professional-cycling.html|title=Bert Harris, First Professional Cycling Champion of England|work=Hilldodger's cycling history site|date=December 7, 2008|accessdate=May 9, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.veloriders.co.uk/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=21845|author=Sarah Staples|title=Did Bert Fall Or Was He Pushed?|work=The Leicester Mercury|date=April 7, 2005|accessdate=May 9, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Cemetery">{{cite web| |
| Known as "Bert Harris" or "Invincible Harris", he was the fastest short-distance rider in England, the first Professional Cycling Champion of England and was one of the most well-known athletes of his day. His last and fatal race was held at Aston on Easter Monday of 1897 where his cycle touched another rider and he was upset head-first onto the track's surface. Harris died a few days later, never having regained consciousness, and tens of thousands of mourners lined the streets of Leicester for his funeral procession.<ref name = "Argus">{{Cite news|publication-date= June 1, 1897|title = Cycling Notes: The Late A.W. Harris|periodical = The Argus|publication-place= Melbourne, Victoria Australia|page = 6|url =http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article9190384|accessdate =August 3, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cyclinghistory.blogspot.com/2010_03_01_archive.html|title=Recently discovered Peregrine adverts and images|work=Hilldodger's cycling history site|date=March 26, 2010|accessdate=May 9, 2011}}</ref><ref name = "BBC">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/eastmidlands/series11/week2_bert_harris.shtml|title=Bert Harris — superstar|work=BBC|accessdate=May 9, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cyclinghistory.blogspot.com/2008/12/bert-harris-first-professional-cycling.html|title=Bert Harris, First Professional Cycling Champion of England|work=Hilldodger's cycling history site|date=December 7, 2008|accessdate=May 9, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.veloriders.co.uk/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=21845|author=Sarah Staples|title=Did Bert Fall Or Was He Pushed?|work=The Leicester Mercury|date=April 7, 2005|accessdate=May 9, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Cemetery">{{cite web|url=http://uk.geocities.com/welford_road_cemetery/wrc-h.htm |title=Bert Harris 1874-1897 |work=Welford Road Cemetery Leicester |accessdate=May 9, 2011 |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5kmfrlaw0 |archivedate=October 25, 2009 }}</ref><ref group = "Note">According to ''BBC Inside Out'' and other sources, the accident that caused Harris' death could be considered suspicious. The front wheel he borrowed in order to race was damaged and some have speculated about whether such an experienced cyclist would have made this mistake.</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{center|—}} |
|{{center|—}} |
Revision as of 11:33, 4 July 2016
![]() | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (March 2016) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/V%C3%A9lodrome_Parc_des_Princes.jpg/220px-V%C3%A9lodrome_Parc_des_Princes.jpg)
site of Breton's 1902 death
(circa 1900 postcard)
The first documented deaths of professional cyclists during competition date to the 1890s. Before 1929 at least 47 professional riders and pacemakers[Note 1] died at velodromes in track cycling[1][Note 2] and since 1994 a number of professionals have been killed in accidents with motorized vehicles while training on public roads. The dangers of cycling continue to be disputed among modern sources. For example, the 2005 United States Consumer Products Safety Commission (CPSC) data showed bicycling to be nearly as dangerous as American football.[2] A survey of 2008 Olympics teams, however, indicated that cycling was not even in the top 6 most injury-prone sports during competition that year.[3]
Cyclists who died due to a race
Image | Name | Profession | Date of Death | Nationality | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
—
|
Pierre Froget | Track cyclist | August 21, 1894 | ![]() |
Velodrome of Vichy. Crash while tandem racing as a track cyclist. Died 6 days later at the age of 21, was the first victim of a cycling accident on a French track.[4] |
—
|
AW "Bert" Harris | Track cyclist (professional) |
April 21, 1897 | ![]() |
Known as "Bert Harris" or "Invincible Harris", he was the fastest short-distance rider in England, the first Professional Cycling Champion of England and was one of the most well-known athletes of his day. His last and fatal race was held at Aston on Easter Monday of 1897 where his cycle touched another rider and he was upset head-first onto the track's surface. Harris died a few days later, never having regained consciousness, and tens of thousands of mourners lined the streets of Leicester for his funeral procession.[5][6][7][8][9][10][Note 3] |
—
|
Oscar Aaronson[Note 4] | Track cyclist | December 22, 1900 | ![]() |
Injured during December 16, 1900 competitors' crash at the New York City/Madison Square Garden Six-Day Race.[11][12] Died on the 22nd from aftereffects of crash, from exhaustion and pneumonia.[13] |
![]() |
Harry Elkes | Track cyclist | May 30, 1903 | ![]() |
Charles River Track, Cambridge, Massachusetts.[14][15][16] Elkes held the world record for "paced-cycle racing" during most of his career and just prior to his fatal accident had achieved a new 5 Miles World Record, going that distance in 6 minutes, 12 1/5 seconds.[14] Marshall Taylor in his autobiography called Elkes "one of the greatest middle-distance riders that ever pedalled a bicycle."[17] |
Edouard Taylor[Note 5] | Track cyclist | 1903[16][Note 6] | ![]() |
Aubervilliers, France. In 1899 Taylor held a National (Stayers) Championship of France and in 1900 he was 3rd at the European Championships, 2nd at the World Championships and also beat Henry Elkes by 300 metres in a 50-mile race.[18] In his last year of competition he placed 3rd at the World Stayers Championship.[19][20] | |
![]() |
Alfred Görnemann | October 11, 1903 | ![]() |
Dresden track[21] | |
—
|
Pilack | Track cyclist, pacemaker | June 16, 1904 | ![]() | |
—
|
Paul Dangla | Track cyclist | June 18, 1904 | ![]() |
1903 World Record-holder (Track), Dresden track[1][23] France, track cyclist,[Note 7][24][25] |
—
|
Karl Käser | Track cyclist | August 14, 1904 | ![]() |
Plauen track.[26][27] |
![]() |
George Leander | Track cyclist | August 23, 1904 | ![]() |
[16][28] |
—
|
Charles Albert Brécy | Track cyclist | November 25, 1904 | ![]() |
Parc des Princes velodrome,[29] track cyclist,[Note 8] |
—
|
Hubert Sevenich | Track cyclist | May 7, 1905 | ![]() |
[30][31] |
—
|
Willy Schmitter | Track cyclist | September 18, 1905 | ![]() |
European Championship, Leipzig track.[32] track cyclist, September 18, 1905, European Championship,[33] |
—
|
Gustav Freudenberg | Track cyclist | April 29, 1906 | ![]() |
[34][35] |
—
|
Richard Huhndorf | Track cyclist (amateur) |
July 22, 1906 | ![]() |
[36][37] |
—
|
Charles Peguy | Track cyclist | June 9, 1907 | ![]() |
[38] |
—
|
Louis Mettling | Track cyclist | June 21, 1907 | ![]() |
[39][40] |
—
|
Josef Schwarzer | Pace maker | August 30, 1907 | ![]() |
Düsseldorf track[41] |
—
|
Moritz Hübner | Track cyclist (amateur) |
October 13, 1907 | ![]() |
[42][43] |
—
|
Gustav Schadebrodt | Track cyclist | October 22, 1907 | ![]() |
[44] |
—
|
Ernst Wolf | Pace maker | October 29, 1907 | ![]() |
[45] |
—
|
Tim Johnson | Track cyclist | April 24, 1907 | ![]() |
[46] |
![]() |
Karel Verbist | Track cyclist | July 21, 1909 | ![]() |
[47] Bruxelles track. Verbist collided with his pacemaker's (Constant Ceurremans') motorcycle.[48][49] Verbist is the subject of a macabre Flemish folk-poem... "Chareltje, Chareltje Verbist, hadt ge niet gereden op de pist(e), hadt ge niet gelegen in de kist."[50] |
![]() |
Fritz Theile | Track cyclist | June 4, 1911 | ![]() |
Zehlendorf Velodrome.[51] |
—
|
Hans Bachmann | Pace maker | 1913 | ![]() |
Velodrome Hall [52] |
—
|
Hans Lange | Track cyclist | 1913 | ![]() |
Velodrome Hall[52] |
—
|
August Kraft | Track cyclist | July 25, 1913 | ![]() |
Strasbourg, France[53] |
—
|
Richard Scheuermann | Track cyclist | September 8, 1913 | ![]() |
Cologne track[54][55] |
—
|
Gus Lawson | Pace maker | September 8, 1913 | ![]() |
Cologne track[55] |
—
|
Max Hansen | Track cyclist | October 12, 1913 | ![]() |
Berlin Velodrome Stadium.[52] |
—
|
Piet van Nek Sr. | Track cyclist | April 14, 1914 | ![]() |
Leipzig track.[56] |
—
|
Willy Hamann | Track cyclist | July 21, 1914 | ![]() |
Treptow track.The accident occurred on July 15, Hamann died six days later in hospital.[57] |
—
|
Max Bauer | Pace maker | 1917 | ![]() |
Treptow track.[58] |
—
|
Jacob Esser | Track cyclist | July 8, 1917 | ![]() |
Düsseldorf Germany track.[59][60] |
![]() |
Louis Darragon | Track cyclist | April 28, 1918 | ![]() |
Vélodrome d'Hiver Paris.[61] |
![]() |
Peter Günther | Track cyclist | October 7, 1918 | ![]() |
Düsseldorf[62] Guenther died the day after an October 6 accident involving his collision with his pacemaker's motorcycle after the motorcycle's rear tire burst.[63] |
—
|
Hans Schneider | Track cyclist | January 1920 | ![]() |
[64] |
—
|
Emanuel Kudela | Track cyclist | September 22, 1920 | ![]() |
Olympia track Berlin[65] |
—
|
Christian Oorlemans | Pace maker | August 22, 1922 | ![]() |
Amsterdam track.[66] |
—
|
Walter Ebert | Track cyclist | June 1, 1924 | ![]() |
Magdeburg track.[67] |
—
|
Gustave Ganay | Track cyclist | August 23, 1926 | ![]() |
Stayer. Died from a fall at the Parc des Princes.[68] The accident was immortalized by Ernest Hemingway in A Movable Feast with "where we saw that great rider Ganay fall and heard his skull crumple under the crash helmet as you crack a hard-boiled against a stone to peel it on a picnic."[69] |
—
|
Franz Krupkat | Track cyclist | June 1, 1927 | ![]() |
Leipzig track.[70] |
—
|
Ernst Feja | Track cyclist | June 1, 1927 | ![]() |
[71] |
—
|
Constant Ceurremans | Pace maker | June 18, 1931 | ![]() ![]() |
Was also involved in Karel (Charles) Verbist's fatal crash in 1909.[48][72] |
—
|
Werner Krüger | Pace maker | July 21, 1931 | ![]() |
Kruger died after a fall on the Cologne-Riehl track during a stayer race, while riding as a pacemaker for Emil Thollembeek.[73] |
—
|
Georg Pawlack[Note 9] | Track cyclist | June 10, 1933 | ![]() |
Pawlack was run over by a pacemaker after his bicycle slipped on a rain-soaked track.[74] |
![]() |
Georges Lemaire | September 29, 1933 | ![]() |
Belgian club championship, Uccle, Belgium [75][Note 10] | |
—
|
Emil Richli | May 13, 1934 | ![]() |
![]() | |
—
|
Francisco Cepeda | July 14, 1935 | ![]() |
Tour de France. Died while making the Col du Galibier descent[77] | |
—
|
Len Johnson | August 8, 1936 | ![]() |
Melbourne to Sale Race. Johnson was riding on the Princes Highway, when he slowed due to a puncture and was hit by a truck laden with timber.[78] | |
—
|
Stefan Veger | November 1936 | ![]() |
Track Gent[79] | |
![]() |
André Raynaud | March 1937 | ![]() |
Antwerp Sportpaleis[48][80] | |
—
|
Adrian Buttafocchi | July 6, 1937 | ![]() |
Col Esteret, Grand Prix d'Antibes. Crash with a truck during race[81] | |
—
|
Hefty Stuart | December 9, 1938 | ![]() |
Riding in a motor pacing event, Stuart’s front tyre blew out, causing him to fall and he was run over by a following pacing motorcycle. Stuart died in hospital two weeks later [82] | |
![]() |
Jean Alavoine | July 18, 1943 | ![]() |
Died during a veteran race in Argenteuil.[83][84] | |
—
|
Richard Depoorter | June 16, 1948 | ![]() |
Crashed into a tunnel wall on a "descent of the Sustenpas near Bern"[85] during the Tour of Switzerland, died onsite or shortly thereafter of his injuries.[86][87][88] | |
![]() |
Léon Level | March 26, 1949 | ![]() |
"Parc des princes" track, Paris (track cyclist) [89] | |
—
|
Paul Kroll | November 8, 1949 | ![]() |
Berlin "1000 laps", Funkturm track[90][Note 11] | |
—
|
Gerard ("Gerrit") van Beek | March 15, 1951 | ![]() |
Berlin Six Days. Died of a fatal skull fracture suffered during race.[91][92] | |
—
|
Camille Danguillaume | June 26, 1951 | ![]() |
Killed in collision with press motorcycle during Critérium International (Championship of France)[93][94][95] | |
—
|
Serse Coppi | June 29, 1951 | ![]() |
Crashed near the end of the 1951 Tour of Piedmont (aka "Tour du Piedmont" and "Giro del Piemonte"). Finished race but then died on June 29, 1951.[96][97] | |
—
|
Rudi Mirke | December 10, 1951 | ![]() |
Berlin Six Day. Died after falling during the race.[98][Note 12] | |
—
|
Orfeo Ponsin | May 20, 1952 | ![]() |
Giro d'Italia[99] | |
—
|
Erich Metze | May 28, 1952[Note 13] | ![]() |
[100] | |
![]() |
Stan Ockers | October 1, 1956 | ![]() |
1955 World Champion (Road Race) track race at the Sportpaleis Antwerp[101][102][Note 14] | |
—
|
Russell Mockridge | September 13, 1958 | ![]() |
Tour of Gippsland[104][105][Note 15] | |
—
|
Knud Enemark Jensen | September 1960 | ![]() |
1960 Summer Olympic Games. The first competitor's death to occur during the modern Olympic era, Jensen collapsed during a 100-kilometer team time trial, suffering a skull fracture and dying several hours later. Some commentators state that Jensen's autopsy revealed traces of drugs in his system but the Italian authorities' 1961 report stated that the official cause of death was heatstroke. A race-day temperature of 40 degrees Celsius/93 degrees Fahrenheit and Jensen's post-accident care (being kept in a "hot military tent"), could have been probable contributing factors.[106][107][108][109][110][111][112] | |
—
|
Alessandro Fantini | May 5, 1961 | ![]() |
Died after a crash at the end of the sixth stage of the 1961 Tour of Germany. | |
![]() |
Tom Simpson | July 13, 1967 | ![]() |
Tour de France.[113][114] 1965 World Road Race Champion,[115][116][Note 16] | |
—
|
Valentin Uriona | July 30, 1967 | ![]() |
Spanish Championship [117][118] | |
—
|
José Samyn | August 28, 1969 | ![]() |
Zingem, Belgium [119] | |
—
|
Radames Treviño[120] | April 12, 1970 | ![]() |
Crashed during a regional race between Pachuca and Mexico City[121] | |
![]() |
Jean-Pierre Monseré | March 15, 1971 | ![]() |
1970 World Champion. Grand Prix de Retie.[122][123][Note 17][124] | |
—
|
Manuel Galera | February 14, 1972 | ![]() |
Tour of Andalusia,[125][126] | |
—
|
Graeme Jose | June 23, 1973 | ![]() |
While taking part in a race in Feldkirch Austria, he ran into the rear of a parked tray topped lorry and was killed.[127] | |
—
|
Juan Manuel Santisteban[Note 18] | May 21, 1976 | ![]() |
Giro d'Italia. Died as a result of injuries when his head struck a crash barrier.[77][99] | |
![]() |
Karl Kaminski | August 10, 1978 | ![]() |
Leipzig[128] | |
Joaquim Agostinho | May 10, 1984 | ![]() |
During the Tour of Algarve.[129] Died ten days after colliding with a dog who had run onto the race-course.[130] | ||
—
|
Emilio Ravasio | May 28, 1986 | ![]() |
Giro d'Italia[99] | |
—
|
Vicente Mata | February 17, 1987 | ![]() |
Trofeo Luis Puig[131] Died after colliding with a car during race. | |
—
|
Michel Goffin | February 27, 1987 | ![]() |
Tour du Haut-Var in Marseilles France.[132][133] Goffin crashes and, after spending six days in a coma, dies from his injuries.[131] | |
—
|
Connie Meijer | August 17, 1988 | ![]() |
A criterium in the Netherlands[134] | |
![]() |
Fabio Casartelli | July 18, 1995 | ![]() |
Tour de France.[135][136][137] Casartelli was the reigning Olympic Champion at the time of his crash and subsequent death.[131] | |
—
|
José Antonio Espinosa[Note 19] | November 1996 | ![]() |
Fuenlabrada,[138][139][Note 20] | |
—
|
Manuel Sanroma | June 19, 1999 | ![]() |
Volta a Catalunya[140] | |
—
|
Saúl Morales | February 28, 2000 | ![]() |
Tour of Argentina[141] | |
—
|
Nicole Reinhart | September 17, 2000 | ![]() |
Arlington Massachusetts circuit race[142] | |
—
|
Andrey Kivilev | March 12, 2003 | ![]() |
Paris–Nice[143] | |
—
|
Brett Malin | Road cyclist (amateur) |
June 17, 2003 | ![]() |
Race Across America[144][145] |
—
|
Juan Barrero | Road cyclist (amateur) |
June 11, 2004 | ![]() |
Vuelta a Colombia ("Tour of Colombia")[146] |
—
|
Tim Pauwels | September 26, 2004 | ![]() |
A cyclo-cross race in Belgium[147] | |
—
|
Alessio Galletti | June 15, 2005 | ![]() |
Subida al Naranco[148][149] | |
—
|
Bob Breedlove | Road cyclist (amateur) |
June 25, 2005 | ![]() |
Race Across America[144] |
—
|
Isaac Gálvez | November 26, 2006 | ![]() |
Six Days of Ghent. Galvez died after coming into contact with Dimitri De Fauw and then crashing into a track railing.[150][151] | |
—
|
Bruno Neves | May 11, 2008 | ![]() |
Classica de Amarante.[152] Neves' collapse from heart failure caused him to crash during the race.[153][154][155] | |
—
|
Thomas Casarotto | September 10, 2010 | ![]() |
During the Giro del Friuli Venezia Giulia[156] at Pesariis,[157] Casarotto hit the wing mirror of a SUV parked on the course[157] and then crashed. He died September 15, 2010 of head injuries and trauma.[158] | |
Wouter Weylandt | Road cyclist (professional) |
May 9, 2011 | ![]() |
Giro d'Italia[159] | |
—
|
Wouter Dewilde | March 1, 2013 | ![]() |
[160] | |
—
|
Junior Heffernan | Road cyclist (amateur) |
March 3, 2013 | ![]() |
Died after collision with a car during the Severn Bridge Road Race in Gloucestershire.[161] |
—
|
Jeanné Nell | Track cyclist | February 11, 2014 | ![]() |
Died in Cape Town, South Africa, during a keirin race.[162] |
—
|
Annefleur Kalvenhaar | Mountainbiker | August 23, 2014 | ![]() |
Died in Grenoble, France, due to an accident during a UCI World Cup XCE race in Méribel, France.[163] |
Antoine Demoitié | Road cyclist (professional) Wanty–Groupe Gobert |
March 27, 2016 | ![]() |
Died in hospital in Lille, due to injuries sustained in an accident during the Gent-Wevelgem race. Having been one of a group of cyclists who fell as the race went through Sainte-Marie-Cappel, he was struck by a motorbike accompanying the race.[164] | |
Daan Myngheer | Road cyclist (professional) Roubaix–Lille Métropole |
March 28, 2016 | ![]() |
Died in hospital two days after suffering a heart attack during first stage of Criterium International[165][166] | |
Randall Fox | Road cyclist (collegiate cyclist) |
March 29, 2016 | ![]() |
Died following a crash during a collegiate road race. He lost control of his bike on a descent and collided with a guardrail.[167][168] | |
Gijs Verdick | Road cyclist (professional) Cyclingteam Jo Piels |
May 9, 2016 | ![]() |
Died a week after suffering two heart attacks at the Under-23 Carpathian Couriers Race in Poland.[169] |
Professionals who died during training and other cycling related deaths
These athletes did not die during competition, but rather died during training, during scheduled breaks while participating in a professional race or from another reason related to cycling. Since 1994, at least eighteen professional cyclists have been killed after being struck by a car or truck, fifteen while training, three while out cycling for pleasure.
-
Franz Suter (1912) -
Ottavio Bottecchia (1920s) -
Frederiek Nolf May 6, 2008
1900s to 1928
- Archie McEachern, May 13, 1902, Canada, Track cyclist. Coliseum Cycling Track, Atlantic City, New Jersey.[170] McEachern, a former middle distance Canadian National Champion, was also winner of the 1901 New York Madison Square Garden Six-Day Bicycle Race (the first Canadian to do so). In May 1902 he was participating in a practice run prior to the Atlantic City velodrome's official opening that was being paced by a tandem motorcycle (driven by his two trainers Bobby Thompson and Alfred Boake). Riding closely to the pace vehicle, McEachern was fatally injured when the bike's drive chain broke and he died within minutes.[171][172] Canadian Cyclist placed him 9th on their list of Top 25 Canadian Cyclists of the Century in 1999[171] and Journal of Sport History (Volume 1-2, published 1974) stated that he "was one of Canada's most famous professional cyclists" of his day.[173]
- Breton,[174] track cyclist, Parc des Princes track, August 1902. Breton was killed when he steered his bicycle away from another cyclist and into the path of a 14-horsepower motorcycle being driven at 50 mph by Marius Thé. The track management allowed motorcyclists and racing bicyclists (called "flyers") to train at the same time.[174]
- Jimmy Michael, Aberaman, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Wales, United Kingdom. November 1904. 1885 & 1902 World Record-holder (Track).[175] Died while en route from the UK to the United States on the ocean steamer "Savoie". He was either suffering from alcoholic delirium tremens,[176] a brain hemorrhage[1] or possibly a combination of the two. Michael's death most certainly had its genesis in a 1903 cycling accident at Friedenau[22] where he fractured his skull[177] and thereafter suffered debilitating headaches.[21][178]
- Hugh McLean, USA, died on September 9 or 10, 1909.[179] as a result of a training accident earlier in the month at the Revere, Mass. cycling track.[Note 21][180][181] McLean was a champion middle distance cyclist[180] who had placed 2nd in the 1899 World Championship (Track/Stayers) and 1st with Floyd Krebs at the 1907 Boston Six Days.[181]
- Adolphe Heliére, France. Drowned while swimming during a rest day of the 1910 Tour de France.[182]
- Franz Suter,[183] Switzerland, June 1, 1914. Struck by a train while training with his brother Paul near Courbevoie, France.
- Floyd MacFarland, United States. 1900 & 1908 Six-Day Race Winner (Madison Square Garden). Stabbed to death with a screwdriver during practice at Newark Velodrome, April 17, 1915.[61][184]
- Ottavio Bottecchia, 1924 & 1925 Tour de France Winner,[185] Italy, June 14, 1927. Found by the side of the road with bruises and serious skull fracture. The cause has remained a mystery — various theories have included a solo-crash/serious fall or an assault by unknown Fascists.[186][187]
- Gustave Lejour, 1928 Track cyclist, while training on the Frankfurt (Germany) track.[188]
1975
- Tommy Godwin, United Kingdom. In 1939, Godwin achieved the long-distance record for miles cycled in one year...75,065 miles. Authorities have since determined that the attempt to beat this mileage would be too dangerous so the figure will never be overtaken. Godwin died in 1975 of heart failure, aged 63, returning from a ride to Tutbury Castle with friends.[189]
1994 to 2009
- Antonio Martín, Spain. He was killed by a truck while training near Madrid, 1994.[190]
- Néstor Mora, Augusto Triana [191] and Hernán Patiño, February 21, 1995, Colombia Three members of Team Postobon were killed almost immediately while group training when a truck collided with another vehicle, sending the second vehicle careening into the group of cyclists.[192]
- Beryl Burton, United Kingdom. Heart failure while out delivering invitations by bicycle to her 59th birthday party, May 8, 1996. One of the most dominating figures in world sports history, Burton regularly beat male competitors. Her 12-hour record of 277.25 miles (raced in 1967) stood as both the women's and the men's world record for two years and is still the women's world record.[193]
- Peter Longbottom, United Kingdom. Hit by a motor vehicle whilst riding near York, 10 February 1998, aged 38. Longbottom had been an established GB international road rider and had gained multiple national titles.[194]
- Dave Bedwell, United Kingdom. Collapsed and died while on Cyclists Touring Club ride near Torquay. February 28, 1999, aged 70.[195]
- Edith Atkins,[196] England. Was hit by a car while pushing her bicycle across a pedestrian road crossing, August 28, 1999.
- Anders Nilsson, Sweden, June 21, 2000. National team member in Triathlon, professional. Died immediately when hit by a speeding car during bicycle training, the car left the scene.[197]
- Ricardo Otxoa, Spain. February 15, 2001.[198] Hit by a car during a training session together with his brother Javier (who survived but suffered serious brain injuries). The Circuito de Getxo was renamed the Memorial Ricardo Otxoa in his honor.
- Luke Harrop, Australia. January 13, 2002. Struck by a stolen car driven by an unlicensed driver who was out on bail at the time and who also fled the scene. Gold Coast, Brisbane, Australia during a training ride. Having severe head trauma, former champion triathlete Harrop died a day after the accident. In 2003, Australia's Gold Coast Triathlon was renamed in Harrop's memory as the Gold Coast Triathlon — Luke Harrop Memorial.[199][200][201][202][203]
- Lauri Aus, Estonia. July 20, 2003. Hit by a truck driven by a drunk driver while training for the Estonian MTB (Mountain Biking) Championship.[204][205]
- Stive Vermaut, Belgium. Retired from professional cycling in 2002 because of a congenital heart disease. Had a heart attack during a recreational ride on June 13, 2004 and died later that month on June 30.[206]
- Amy Gillett, Australia. Head-on collision with a car in Germany on July 18, 2005 (while training with her squad for the Thüringen Rundfahrt der Frauen which had been scheduled for the next day).[207]
- Zak Carr, England, UK. Struck from behind and killed while cycling to work near Norwich, on October 17, 2005.[208]
- Scott Peoples, Australia. Struck from behind and killed on a training ride in December 2006 in Victoria.[209]
- Jason MacIntyre, Scotland, UK. Struck by a vehicle on a training ride in January 2008.[210]
- Frederiek Nolf, Belgium. Died in his sleep during the 2009 Tour of Qatar. February 5, 2009.[211]
- Zinaida Stahurskaya, Belarus. 2000 World Road Race Champion. Struck by a car on a training ride in Belarus, June 25, 2009.[212]
- Dimitri De Fauw, Belgium, committed suicide on November 6, 2009, after struggling with depression following Isaac Gálvez's death in the 2006 Six Days of Ghent.[213][214][215]
2010 to present
- Jorge Alvarado, Mexico. A Bahati pro team rider, Alvarado was training when he was struck head-on by a vehicle being driven by an 18-year-old illegally street racing in San Bernardino, CA on April 8, 2010.[216][217]
- Jure Robič, Slovenia. September 24, 2010. Robič, who won RAAM five times and was renowned for pushing himself to extreme mental breakdown during endurance races, died in a head-on collision with a car while descending on a narrow mountain forest road in Plavški Rovt near Jesenice, Slovenia .[218]
- Carla Swart, South Africa. January 19, 2011. Swart was a professional who had won nineteen individual and team cycling titles spanning four different variations of biking (cyclo-cross, mountain bike, road, and track) while on the Lees–McRae College cycling team. She lost her cycling computer while on a training ride in her native South Africa and turned into the path of an oncoming truck in a bid to retrieve it.[219]
- Brian Phillips, United Kingdom. 27 March 2011, Brian died whilst competing in a TTT in Italy. Brian had been one of the UK's top time-trialists, had national titles, and was a regular top finisher in the BBAR.[220]
- Shamus Liptrot, Australia. May 10, 2011. Died as a result of injuries sustained in a "horrific crash"[221] during the Men's C Grade scratch track race[222] at the 2007 Devonport (Tasmania) Christmas Carnival.[223]
- Carly Hibberd, Australia, was hit by a car while training in Italy. July 6, 2011.[224]
- Burry Stander, South Africa. January 3, 2013. Died during a training ride after colliding with a vehicle.[225]
- Victor Cabedo, Spain. September 19, 2013. Died during a training ride after colliding with a vehicle.[226][227]
- Amy Dombroski, United States. October 3, 2013. A Cyclo-cross competitor, Dombroski was hit by a truck while training in Belgium.[228]
- Kristof Goddaert, Belgium. February 18, 2014. Goddaert was killed during a training ride in Antwerp when he fell from his bike and was struck by a bus.[229]
- Cláudio Clarindo, Brazil. January 25, 2016. While on a training ride Clarindo was struck by an automobile whose driver had fallen asleep and he died almost immediately after being hit. Clarindo was ranked 12th in the world ultra-distance rankings the year before his death.[230]
- Gunaydin Haji Dursun, was killed in collision with a truck on 22 April 2016 while training in Taraz, Kazakhstan.[231][232]
See also
Notes
- ^ "Pacemakers" in this sense were motorcyclists who rode motorcycles as a team mate in front of and for specific professional cyclists. These motorized vehicles provided an additional boost of speed to the cyclists behind them via their slipstreams. (See Horman's Life in the Slipstream.)
- ^ The total includes the professional pacemakers (14) and riders (33) but does not include injuries/deaths of bystanders. On page 101 Mangan recounts some details of the infamous 1909 Friedenau (Berlin) track accident with nine spectators being killed and 52 others injured.
- ^ According to BBC Inside Out and other sources, the accident that caused Harris' death could be considered suspicious. The front wheel he borrowed in order to race was damaged and some have speculated about whether such an experienced cyclist would have made this mistake.
- ^ Some sources spell Oscar Aaronson's last name as "Aronson".
- ^ Taylor is also known as "Edouard-Henry Taylor".
- ^ There appears to be some confusion over the year of Taylor's death, reported in various reliable sources as occurring in either 1903 or 1902. Any references to his death occurring in 1901 seem to be in error since he placed 3rd at the World Championships in 1902.
- ^ The June 18 date seems to be the date of the accident. Dangla apparently lingered in a coma before dying of his injuries on June 24. See "ATHLETICS(Note by Amateur)".
- ^ The accident took place on November 14, Brecy died on November 25 after lingering for 11 days.
- ^ Pawlack is also rendered as "Georg Klein Bohrau Pawlack".
- ^ Per Cycling Archives, this race is also known as the "Inter Clubs Championship" and took place in Uccle, Belgium.
- ^ When Walter Rutt (the former world champion) wrote to the "American Bicyclist and Motorcyclist(Volume 71)" published in 1950, he referred to this race not as the actual Six-Day Race but as a 'team race that was run before' it and that this team race was of a 'A Thousand Laps'(150 km) variety.
- ^ There were two Berlin Six-Days run in 1951. Van Beek died while racing the March 1951 Berlin Six-Day and Mirke died during the December Six-Day.
- ^ Metze's month of death is variously reported as being either in May(Velo Gotha) or in July.(www.cyclingarchives.com)
- ^ Ockers crashed on September 29 and died two days later, thousands of people took to the streets for his funeral.[101][103]
- ^ Jim Taylor was a fellow cyclist riding in the Tour and was also hit by the bus that killed Mockridge.
- ^ The circumstances surrounding Simpson's death were controversial. The autopsy report said that drugs (amphetamines) were found in his system but judged the cause of death as being a combination of heat-stroke, oxygen depletion and physical exertion. Notwithstanding the drugs in his system the temperature that day was at least 42 degrees Celsius and the fact that Tour officials limited riders to two bottles of water a day was most probably a contributing factor.
- ^ Wilcockson refers to the race as "a kermesse race at Retié".
- ^ Maneul's last name is also sometimes spelled as "Santiesteban".
- ^ Espinosa is also known as "José Antonio Espinosa Hernandez".
- ^ Espinosa's accident occurred during a team time trial ("el Criterium de Fuenlabrada") for the Fuenlabrada race, not the race itself.
- ^ The date of McLean's death is reported as both September 3 (The World almanac) and as "early today" September 9 or 10th (News from the Outside World).
References
- ^ a b c Mangan, J.A., ed. (2002). Reformers, sport, modernizers: middle-class revolutionaries (European Sports History Review, Volume 4). Psychology Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-7146-5244-3.
- ^ Schoenberger, Chana R. (November 11, 2006). "The Most Dangerous Sports". Forbes.com. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
- ^ Astrid Junge (September 25, 2009). "Sports Injuries During the Summer Olympic Games 2008". The American Journal of Sports Medicine. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
- ^ Das Stahlrad, 1894, p. 850f. Frankfort.
- ^ "Cycling Notes: The Late A.W. Harris". The Argus. Melbourne, Victoria Australia. June 1, 1897. p. 6. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
- ^ "Recently discovered Peregrine adverts and images". Hilldodger's cycling history site. March 26, 2010. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
- ^ "Bert Harris — superstar". BBC. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
- ^ "Bert Harris, First Professional Cycling Champion of England". Hilldodger's cycling history site. December 7, 2008. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
- ^ Sarah Staples (April 7, 2005). "Did Bert Fall Or Was He Pushed?". The Leicester Mercury. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
- ^ "Bert Harris 1874-1897". Welford Road Cemetery Leicester. Archived from the original on October 25, 2009. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Arthur Devlin. "6-Day Bicycle Racing — Boston International Six day Bicycle Race". Retrieved July 16, 2011.
- ^ "Aronson, Injured in the Six-Day Race, is Critically Ill with Pneumonia" (PDF). The World (New York World). "Old Fulton NY Post Cards By Tom Tryniski" website (fultonhistory.com). December 19, 1900. p. 9. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
- ^ "Bicyclist Oscar Aronson Dead of Physical Exhaustion" (PDF). The World (New York World). "Old Fulton NY Post Cards By Tom Tryniski" website (fultonhistory.com). December 23, 1900. p. 2. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
- ^ a b "Harry Elkes Killed in Bicycle Race". New York Times. New York. May 31, 1903. p. 1. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ "News of the Week...Elkes Killed in Cycle Race". The Summary. Vol. XXXI, no. 23. New York State Reformatory at Elmira (published June 6, 1903). 1903. p. 3. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ a b c Mangan, p.127
- ^ Major Taylor; Marshall W. Taylor (1928). The fastest bicycle rider in the world: the story of a colored boy's indomitable courage and success against great odds. Books for Libraries Press, Wormley Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8369-8910-6. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (help) - ^ Massachusetts Reformatory (Concord, Mass.) (1900). Our paper, Volume 16 By Massachusetts Reformatory (Concord, Mass.). p. 331. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
- ^ "Edouard-Henry Taylor". Cycling Archives. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
- ^ "Track Cycling: World Championships: Men: Stayer". Retrieved July 7, 2011.
- ^ a b c Stuyfersant, Andre (March 12, 2009). "Death at the Velodrome". Sportgeschiedenis.nl("Sports History"). Retrieved August 20, 2010.
- ^ a b Stuyfersant, Andre (May 2010). "Stuyfssportverhalen("Stuyf Sports Stories")". Retrieved August 20, 2010.
- ^ Mangan, J.A., ed. (2002). Reformers, sport, modernizers: middle-class revolutionaries (European Sports History Review, Volume 4). Psychology Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-7146-5244-3.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ "ATHLETICS(Notes by Amateur)". Otago Witness. August 17, 1904. p. 54. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Cerretini, Giovanni; Mannini, Paolo (2008). Ciclisti 2008 (Tutti i ciclisti del Museo del Ciclismo). p. 67. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, vol. 3, 1904, p. 104. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ Cycling Archives. "Karl Käser".
- ^ Harper, William Arthur (1999). How You Played the Game:The Life of Grantland Rice. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-8262-1204-7. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ "Charles Albert Brecy". Retrieved August 25, 2010.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 4/1905, p. 72. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ Cycling Archives. "Hubert Sevenich".
- ^ "Willy Schmitter". Retrieved August 27, 2010.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Stuyfersant, Andre (May 2010). "Stuyfssportverhalen("Stuyf Sports Stories")". Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, vol. 5, 1906, p. 68. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ Cycling Archives. "Gustav Freudenberg".
- ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, vol. 5, 1906, p. 69. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ Cycling Archives. "Richard Huhndorf".
- ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 6/1907, p. 55. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 6/1907, p. 50. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ Cycling Archives. "Louis Mettling".
- ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, vol. 7, 1908, p. 45. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 6/1907, p. 60. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ Cycling Archives. "Moritz Hübner".
- ^ "DeWeiler cycling database(Schadebrodt)". Retrieved August 20, 2010.
- ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 6/1907, p. 57. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 8/1909, p. 51. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 8/1909, p. 49. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ a b c "Sportsite van het Jaar Sportwereld". November 28, 2006. Retrieved February 2, 2012.
- ^ "Karel Verbist (In Memoriam)". Cycling4Fans.de. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- ^ Geldhof, Patrieck (2005). En de broodrenner, hij fietste verder: het wielrennen in België tijdens WO II. p. 17. ISBN 978-90-334-5815-6. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 10/1911, p. 46. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ a b c Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 12/1913, p. 7. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ "August Kraft". Cycling Archives. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ "Richard Scheuermann". Retrieved August 24, 2010.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ a b "Lawson, Cyclist, Killed". New York Times. September 9, 1913. p. 3. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ stuyfssportverhalen (March 20, 2011). "As a reward, a monumental tomb". Retrieved May 9, 2011.
- ^ Rad-Welt, July 23, 1914.Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt
- ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 15/1917, p. 63. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ German Cyclist Fatally Hurt. Motorcycle and Bicycle Illustrated (Volume 13). August 23, 1917. p. 34. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ "Jacob Esser". Ciclo Museo Gino Bartali (Associazione Amici del Museo del Ciclismo). Retrieved November 28, 2011.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ a b Andrew M. Horman (2011). Life in the Slipstream: The Legend of Bobby Walthour Sr. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-59797-685-5. Retrieved July 30, 2011.
- ^ "Peter Guenther (In Memoriam)". Cycling4Fans. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ "The old Betzdorf — Peter Guenther". Betzdorf-Sieg.de. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, vol. 19, 1921, p. 66. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, vol. 19, 1921, p. 7. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ Steffen Schulze. "Piet-Dickentmann.de". Piet-dickentman.de. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
- ^ Illustrierter Radrennsport, 1924,
- ^ "Palmares de Gustave Ganay". Memoire du cyclisme. Retrieved March 22, 2012.
- ^ Hemingway, Ernest (2003). A moveable feast. Simon & Schuster. p. 65.
- ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, vol. 23-26/1924-1927, p. 164. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, vol. 23-26/1924-1927, p. 167. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ Franz, Renate. "Berlin's Black Sunday (Death at the velodrome)". Cycling4Fans.de. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- ^ "Kruger". Illustrated cycling. July 24, 1931.
- ^ "The hope of the upright Forster". Lausitzer Rundschau. October 16, 2008. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
- ^ "Cycling Archives(Georges Lemaire)". Retrieved August 27, 2010.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Walter Boßhardt/Henry Eggenberger: Rennfahrer-Schicksale, Zürich 1950, S. 78ff.
- ^ a b Alasdair Fotheringham (May 11, 2011). "Cycling: Death in the mountains has peloton questioning dangerous descents". The Independent (UK). London. Retrieved July 30, 2011.
- ^ "Len Johnson killed in road race". The Sporting Globe. Melbourne, Victoria. August 12, 1936. p. 10.
- ^ Der deutsche Radfahrer, 10. November 1936
- ^ Der deutsche Radfahrer, 23. März 1937
- ^ Der deutsche Radfahrer, 6. Juli 1937
- ^ "Wally Stuart Dead". The Sporting Globe. Melbourne, Victoria. December 10, 1938. p. 4 Edition: Edition1.
- ^ Brisson, Jean-Pascal (2014). Les 100 plus grands cyclistes de l'histoire (in French). Editions Clement. p. 67.
- ^ "Jean Alavoine, Chapeau bal malgre tout" (PDF). lncpro.fr (in French). Ligue Nationale de Cyclisme. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
- ^ Pelkey, Charles (September 2, 2009). "The Explainer — Surviving in the hardest of times". VeloNews.Com. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
- ^ "Richard Depoorter". Cyclingarchives.com. April 29, 1915. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
- ^ "Richard Depoorter". Memoire di cyclisme. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
- ^ "Richard Depoorter (body being carried off road after fatal accident)". Cycling Archives. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
- ^ "cyclingarchives.com". cyclingarchives.com. March 26, 1949. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
- ^ "American Bicyclist and Motorcyclist(Volume 71)". 1950: 82.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help)CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ "Gerard Van Beek". Cycling Archives.Com. Retrieved January 30, 2012.
- ^ Slogteren, Fred (November 1, 2006). "Gerard Van Beek (The Registry on 1 November)". Wielersport.Slogblog.nl. Retrieved January 30, 2012.
- ^ Abt, Samuel (1985). "Breakaway: on the road with Tour de France". Random House: 70.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ "Cycling Archives(Camille Danguillaume)". Retrieved August 24, 2010.
- ^ "Memoire du cyclisme(Camille Danguillaume)". Retrieved August 24, 2010.
- ^ Gallagher, Brendan (May 10, 2011). "Wouter Weyland dies at Giro d'Italia". The Telegraph. Retrieved December 2, 2011.
- ^ Fotheringham, William (2003). Century of Cycling: The Classic Races and Legendary Champions. MBI Publishing Company. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-7603-1553-8. Retrieved December 2, 2011.
- ^ "Rudi Mirk". SixDaysInfo.De (Kulturbuch Bremen). Retrieved January 30, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Background: The four fatalities at the Giro d'Italia". Monsters & Critics.Com. May 10, 2011. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
- ^ "Velo Gotha "Annuaire du cyclisme professionnel"(Directory of professional cycling)". Brussels: Editions Presses de Belgique. 1984: 342.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ a b Johnson, Greg (April 22, 2009). "Tales from the peloton — Doin' the Ardennes Double(Stan Ockers)". Retrieved August 24, 2010.
- ^ "Stan Ockers". Cycling Hall of Fame.Com. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
- ^ Fotheringham, William (June 30, 2003). Century of Cycling. ISBN 978-0-7603-1553-8. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
- ^ Taylor, Jim (January 19, 2005). "How it feels to be hit by a bus". The Age.Com. Melbourne. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
- ^ Wykes, Russell. "A Tribute to Russell Mockridge(Introduction to Track Cycling)". Cycling News.Com. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
- ^ Inc, Time (September 12, 1960). "In Tension and Heat, Trouble and Tragedy (Olympics coverage)". LIFE. 49 (11): 24. Retrieved February 26, 2012. (*Includes photos of Jensen starting the race and his collapse)
{{cite journal}}
:|author1=
has generic name (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Møller, Verner (December 2005). "Knud Enemark Jensen's Death During the 1960 Rome Olympics: A Search for Truth?" (PDF). Sport in History. 25 (3): 469. doi:10.1080/17460260500396319. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
- ^ "Rome Summer Games(Olympics Timeline)". Infoplease.Com. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
- ^ "A Brief History of Anti-Doping". World Anti-Doping Agency. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
- ^ Mottram, David R. (1996). Drugs in Sport. Taylor & Francis. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-419-18890-2. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ Møller, Pages 467-468
- ^ Møller, Pages 470-471
- ^ Sandy, Matt (May 1, 2009). "Gone but not forgotten". The Daily Mail. London. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ "Remembering Mr. Tom". BBC. July 28, 2002. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help)CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ "Tom Simpson". Daily Peloton — Pro Cycling News. August 12, 2002. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help)CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Ottoman, Joseph (January 28, 2010). "The case of Tom Simpson". SportVintage. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help)CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ "Velo Club du Net (Valentine Uriona)". Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ "Cycling Archives (Valentin Uriona Laucirica)". Retrieved August 27, 2010.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ "José Samyn". Cycling Archives. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
- ^ Hernández, Noé Ramírez. "40 years ago RADAMES STEP TO GLORY (1942-1970)". www.labicicleta.org. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
- ^ "Martin "Cochise" Rodríguez: in 1970 the best of Contiente". www.arcotriunfal.com. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
- ^ "Jean-Pierre Monseré". Cycling Archives. Retrieved March 2, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Wilcockson, John (January 21, 2005). "Inside Cycling with John Wilcockson:Tough guys(Alf Buttler)". VeloNews. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ "Jean-Pierre Monseré(Olympic Athlete)". Sports-Reference.Com. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Gallagher, Brendan (May 10, 2011). "Wouter Weylandt dies at Giro d'Italia: other cycling tragedies". The Telegraph (UK). Retrieved February 21, 2012.
- ^ "Manuel Galera Magdelano". Cycling Archives.Com. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
- ^ UBC Web Design. "Graeme Jose - Monument Australia".
- ^ "Karl Kaminski". Cycling Archives. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
- ^ "Homage to Joaquim Agostinho". Retrieved October 11, 2011.
- ^ "The fate of Joaquim Agostinho". Cyclis Mag (in French). Retrieved October 11, 2011.
- ^ a b c Agence France Presse (May 9, 2011). "Noted fatalities in professional cycling". VeloNews. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
- ^ "Briefing(Olympics U.S.O.C. Board Refuses To Endorse Pro Proposal)". Sun-Sentinel.Com. March 1, 1987. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
- ^ "Michel Goffin". Cycling Archives. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
- ^ "Connie Meijer". Cycling Archives. Retrieved July 30, 2011.
- ^ Majendie, Matt (July 18, 2005). "Tour tragedy ten years on". BBC.Co.UK. BBC. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
- ^ Nicholl, Robin (July 19, 1995). "Tour rider killed in mountain crash". www.independent.co.uk. The Independent. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "Tour de France crash cyclist dies". The Herald. Glasgow Scotland. July 19, 1995. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|newspaper=
(help)CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Baker, Arnie, MD (October 1, 2003). "Traumatic Bicycle Injuries in a Masters Club" (PDF). Retrieved August 21, 2010.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Jose Antonio Espinosa, en coma tras sufrir". October 20, 1996. p. 8. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
- ^ "Cyclist killed in Catalunya accident". The Sunday Herald. Glasgow Scotland. June 20, 1999. Retrieved December 2, 2011.
- ^ "Cycling Memorials (Ricardo & Javier Otxoa)". Daily Peloton — Pro Cycling News. September 25, 2003. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
- ^ "Cycling News.Com Special Edition September 18, 2000 (Nicole Rinehart Death)". Cycling News.Com. Future Publishing Limited. September 18, 2000. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
- ^ Fabio (March 12, 2003). "Andrei Kivilev". Daily Peloton — Pro Cycling News. Retrieved September 12, 2006.
- ^ a b Strode, Dale (June 24, 2005). "Race Across America cyclist killed". DurangoHerald.Com. Durango Herald. Archived from the original on October 19, 2006. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
- ^ Steve Medcroft (June 18, 2003). "RAAM rider killed in New Mexico". VeloNews. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
- ^ Camacho, Haraldo (June 12, 2004). "Death in Tour of Colombia". Cycling News.Com. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
- ^ Jones, Jeff; Kröner, Hedwig (September 27, 2004). "Tim Pauwels dies". Cycling News.Com. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ^ "Galletti died from heart attack". BBC Sport. June 17, 2005. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
- ^ Kröner, Hedwig (June 16, 2005). "Autopsy held to determine cause of Galletti's death". Cycling News.Com. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
- ^ "Galvez killed in track collision". BBC Sport. November 26, 2006. Retrieved September 9, 2008.
- ^ (Wire service reports) (November 26, 2006). "Galvez dies after Ghent Six accident". VeloNews.Com. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
- ^ Stokes, Shane (May 12, 2008). "Young Portugese cyclist dies in crash". Cycling News.Com. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
- ^ Haake, Bjorn (October 27, 2009). "Spanish police intercepts doping text messages". VeloNation. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
- ^ "Daily Cycling Facts 11.05.12". Cyclopunk. May 11, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
- ^ Prell, Monika (May 21, 2008). "Police raid LA MSS headquarters". Cycling News. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
- ^ Greg Johnson. "Head injuries claim Casarotto's life". Retrieved September 15, 2010.
- ^ a b "Ciclismo — Casarotto ha subito gravi danni cerebrali ("Cycling — Casarotto suffered severe brain damage")". Yahoo/EuroSport. September 11, 2010. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
- ^ Johnson, Greg (September 15, 2010). "Head injuries claim Casarotto's life". CyclingNews. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
- ^ Cycling News. "Weylandt dies in Giro d'Italia crash". Cycling News. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
- ^ "Carnet : Décès de Dewilde après une chute" (in French). sport365.fr. March 1, 2013.
- ^ Snowdon Sport. "Junior Heffernan dies after collision during Severn Bridge Road Race". Cycling Weekly. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
- ^ "Décès du Sud-Africain Jeanné Nell" (in French). velo-club.net. February 12, 2014.
- ^ "Renster Kalvenhaar (20) overleden" (in Dutch). NOS.nl. August 23, 2014.
- ^ "Antoine Demoitié dies following Gent-Wevelgem crash". Immediate Media. March 28, 2016.
- ^ "Belgische wielrenner Myngheer (22) overleden na hartstilstand". NU.
- ^ "Daan Myngheer: Cycling mourns second Belgian death". BBC.Com. BBC News. March 29, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
- ^ "Oregon rider dies in collegiate road race in Washington". cyclingnews.com.
- ^ Spencer Powlison (March 28, 2016). "Collegiate cyclist, 29, dies in Washington race". VeloNews.com. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
- ^ Gijs Verdick dies a week after double heart attack
- ^ Balf, Todd (2009). Major: A Black Athlete, a White Era and the Fight to Be the World's Fastest Human Being. Random House. p. 199. ISBN 0-307-23659-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ a b Arnold Devlin. "Canada's First Six-Day Star". 6-day Racing. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
- ^ Michael Gabriele (2011). The Golden Age of Bicycle Racing in New Jersey: The final Chapter of the Golden Age of Cycling. The History Press. ISBN 978-1-59629-427-1. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
- ^ History, North American Society for Sport (1974). Journal of sport history, Volumes 1-2. p. 37. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
- ^ a b "Cyclist Killed by Pacing Motor". Motor Cycling and Motoring — with 'The Motor'. Vol. 2, no. 29. London (published August 27, 1902). 1902. p. 46. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
- ^ Mangan, p.130, 131
- ^ "Library Service Heritage Trail — Aberaman". Rhondda Cynon Taff.
- ^ "Babylon Wales". May 2006. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
- ^ "Walter Rutt quote (undated cutting)". Journal, Fellowship of Cycling Old-Timers.. From Jimmy Michael
- ^ "News from the Outside World". Our paper, Volume 25. Massachusetts Reformatory (Concord, Mass.). 1909. p. 437. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
- ^ a b "Sporting Obituary (1909)". The World almanac & book of facts. 1909. p. 405. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
- ^ a b "Cycling Archives (Hugh McLean)". Retrieved July 16, 2011.
- ^ James, Tom (August 14, 2003). "1910: The "Assassins" send the race to the Pyrenees". VeloArchive. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
- ^ Marcel Segessemann. "Cycling Archives(Franz Suter)". Retrieved August 23, 2010.
- ^ "Floyd MacFarland Stabbed to Death". New York Times. New York. April 18, 1915. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
- ^ Wheatcroft, George (2005). Le Tour: A History of the Tour de France, 1903-2003. Simon & Schuster. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-684-02879-8. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
- ^ "Cycling Archives(Ottavio Bottechia)". Retrieved August 28, 2010.
- ^ James, Tom. "1925: Once again Bottechia". VeloArchive.Com. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
- ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, vol. 27/1928, p. 11. Berlin, Verlag Rad-Welt.
- ^ Barter, Dave (November 22, 2006). "Tommy Godwin". Phased dot co dot UK. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ "Fallece el ciclista Antonio Martín". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). February 12, 1994. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
- ^ Newton, Louis. "Today in Cycling History". Forsythebike.Com. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
- ^ Marin Martinez, Duvan (February 22, 1995). "No me dejen morir, no me dejen morir!". El Tiempo.Com. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
- ^ Gladstone, Hugh (February 26, 2010). "Beryl Burton: British Legend". Cycling Weekly. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
- ^ "Top British Cyclist Killed". Retrieved July 15, 2014.
- ^ Green, Roy. "1950's Biographies — Dave Bedwell (A Tribute to Dave Bedwell)(Obituary)". Tour-Racing.co.UK (& 'Cycling Weekly'). Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ "Ron Atkins' Memories". Coventry Telegraph. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
- ^ "Sweden's Nilsson killed in hit-and-run". SlowTwitch.Com. June 21, 2004. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ "Cycling Memorials — Ricardo and Javier Otxoa". Daily Peloton — Pro Cycling News. September 9, 2003. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
- ^ "Gold Coast Tri Event History". USMEvents. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ Roberts, Greg (August 14, 2002). "Anger over 18 months' parole for driver of stolen car who killed triathlete". SMH.com (Sydney Morning Herald). Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ "Focus on Emma's win, not Luke's death: Harrop". GoldCoast.Com.Au (Gold Coast Bulletin, Sun Community Newspapers). August 19, 2008. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ "Woman Charged in Luke Harrop's Death". Duathlon.Com (originally AP). Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ "Gentle reminder in memory of Luke Harrop". Australian Olympic Team. May 2, 2011. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ "Remembering Lauri Aus (1970-2003)". July 20, 2009. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
- ^ Anita van Crey (July 20, 2003). "Estonian pro Lauri Aus dies after Car Accident". Daily Peloton — Pro Cycling News. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
- ^ Henry, Chris (June 30, 2004). "Vermaut dead at 28". CyclingNews.Com. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ Stevenson, John (July 19, 2005). "Australian team rider Amy Gillett dead after crash". Cycling News.Com. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved August 6, 2010.
- ^ "Tired motorist jailed over death". BBC News. January 29, 2007.
- ^ "Cycle crash inquest told of driver's poor sight". ABC News. August 28, 2008. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ "Cycling star dies after collision". bbc.co.uk. BBC. January 16, 2008. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ "Promising Belgian rider dies of suspected heart attack". The Guardian. July 6, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
- ^ "Stahurskaya Dies In Training Accident, Says Coach". Bicycle.Net. June 26, 2009. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
- ^ Shane Stokes (December 1, 2006). "De Fauw speaks about Gálvez". Cycling News. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
- ^ Edmond Hood (November 7, 2009). "Rest In Peace: Dimitri De Fauw". PezCyclingNews. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
- ^ Cycling News (November 7, 2009). "Six-day rider takes his life". Cycling News. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
- ^ Stephen Farrand (April 9, 2010). "Bahati rider killed during training ride". CyclingNews. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
- ^ "Pro Cyclist Struck, Killed by 'Street Racing Teens'". KTLA News. April 9, 2010. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
- ^ Unknown (September 24, 2010). "Jure Robic Killed in Accident". CyclingNews. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
- ^ Unknown (January 19, 2011). "Carla Swart killed in South Africa". CyclingNews. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
- ^ "Former National TTT Champion Brian Phillips dies". Retrieved July 15, 2014.
- ^ Paul Verkuylen (December 29–30, 2007). "Devonport Carnival December 29–30, 2007 - Day 1". Retrieved May 15, 2011.
- ^ Paul Verkuylen (January 1, 2008). "Huge support for the Liptrot appeal". Cycling News. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
- ^ Cycling News (May 10, 2011). "Australian cycling community mourns death of Shamus Liptrot". Cycling News. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
- ^ Ben Atkins (July 6, 2011). "Carly Hibberd killed after being hit by car". Velo Nation. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
- ^ Nivashni Nair (July 30, 2013). "Driver to face trial over Burry Stander's death". Times LIVE. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
- ^ "Victor Cabedo killed while training in Spain". VeloNews. September 19, 2012. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
- ^ Rogers, Iain (September 19, 2012). "Cycling: Euskaltel rider Cabedo killed in traffic accident". Chicago Tribune. Reuters. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
- ^ Holcombe, Brian (October 3, 2013). "Dombroski killed in training crash". Velonews. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
- ^ "Profrenner Kristof Goddaert overreden door bus aan Noxx". Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). Concentra NV. February 18, 2014. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help) - ^ EFE (January 25, 2016). "Brazilian pro cyclist Claudio Clarindo killed by car while training". Latino.FoxNews.Com. Fox News Latino. Retrieved March 18, 2016.
- ^ "Champion of Kazakhstan in Cycling died in a car accident".
- ^ "Велосипедист ДТП: чемпиона Казахстана по велоспорту насмерть раздавил КамАЗ - Гунайдин Хаджи Дурсун - Обозреватель". Спорт.