Ilya Muromets: Difference between revisions
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://www.museum.murom.ru/wwwmus/history/xa-xa.htm Pictures of Muromets] {{icon ru}}{{dead link|date=October 2015}} |
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20050330145144/http://www.museum.murom.ru:80/wwwmus/history/xa-xa.htm Pictures of Muromets] {{icon ru}}{{dead link|date=October 2015}} |
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* [http://www.tradestonegallery.com/index.php?content=fairytaleview&fairytaleid=11&fairytale=ilmu&length=L Ilya Muromets at Tradestone Gallery's Russian Fairy Tales gallery] |
* [http://www.tradestonegallery.com/index.php?content=fairytaleview&fairytaleid=11&fairytale=ilmu&length=L Ilya Muromets at Tradestone Gallery's Russian Fairy Tales gallery] |
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* [http://progvek.com/english/ev/ev10.htm The evolution of Christianity, X. The History of Russia in the Context of the Evolution of the National Spirit and Orthodoxy] |
* [http://progvek.com/english/ev/ev10.htm The evolution of Christianity, X. The History of Russia in the Context of the Evolution of the National Spirit and Orthodoxy] |
Revision as of 16:03, 16 July 2016
This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2015) |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Vastnetsov_1914.jpg/300px-Vastnetsov_1914.jpg)
Ilya Muromets (Russian: Илья Муромец, Ukrainian: Ілля Муромець), or Ilya of Murom, sometimes Ilya Murometz, is a folk hero of Kievan Rus', a bogatyr (akin to knight-errant) and a character of many bylinas (East Slavic medieval epic poems). In the legends he is often featured alongside fellow bogatyrs Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich.[1][2]
Although Ilya Muromets's adventures are mostly a matter of epic fiction, he is believed to have a historical prototype: a medieval warrior, and in later life a monk, named Ilya Pechersky. Venerable Ilya Pechersky is beatified as a monastic saint of the Orthodox Church. His relics are preserved in the Kiev Pechersk Lavra.
Ilya in byliny
According to legends, Ilya Muromets, the son of a farmer, was born in a village near Murom. He suffered serious illness in his youth and was unable to walk until the age of 33. He could only lie on a Russian oven, until he was miraculously healed by two pilgrims. He was then given super-human strength by a dying knight, Svyatogor, and set out to liberate the city of Kiev from Idolishche to serve Prince Vladimir the Fair Sun (Vladimir Krasnoye Solnyshko). Along the way he single-handedly defended the city of Chernigov from nomadic invasion (possibly by Polovtsi) and was offered knighthood by the local ruler, but Ilya declined to stay. In the forests of Bryansk he then killed the forest-dwelling monster Nightingale the Robber (Solovei-Razboinik), who could murder travellers with his powerful whistle.[1]
In Kiev, Ilya was made chief bogatyr by Prince Vladimir and he defended Rus' from numerous attacks by the steppe people, including Kalin, the (mythical) tsar of Golden Horde. Generous and simple-minded but also temperamental, Ilya once went on a rampage and destroyed all the church steeples in Kiev after Prince Vladimir had failed to invite him to a celebration. He was soon appeased when Vladimir sent for him.[1]
Ilya as a saint
It is generally believed that Muromets's prototype was Venerable Ilya Pechersky, a monastic saint of the Orthodox Church, beatified in 1643. According to hagiography, before taking his monastic vows Ilya was a warrior famous for his strength. His nickname was Chobotok, Old East Slavic for "(small) boot", given to him after an incident when Ilya, caught by surprise, fought off enemies with only his boot.[3]
In 1988, Soviet archeologists exhumed Ilya Chobotok's remains, stored in Kiev Pechersk Lavra, and studied them. Their report suggested that at least some parts of the legend may be true: the man was tall, and his bones carried signs of spinal disease at early age and marks from numerous wounds, one of which was fatal.[3]
Legendary stature
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Iliya_Muromets_Kiev.jpg/220px-Iliya_Muromets_Kiev.jpg)
Ilya Muromets's name became a synonym of an outstanding physical and spiritual power and integrity, dedicated to the protection of the Homeland and People and over time has become a hero of numerous movies, pictures, monuments, cartoons and anecdotes. He is the only epic hero canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Die_drei_Bogatyr.jpg/220px-Die_drei_Bogatyr.jpg)
Although the remains of Ilya Muromets are supposedly stored in Kiev Pechersk Monastery,[3] his character probably does not represent a unique historical persona, but rather a fusion of multiple real or fictional heroes from vastly different epochs. Thus, Ilya supposedly served Prince Vladimir of Kiev (ruled 980–1015); he fought Batu Khan, the founder of Golden Horde (c. 1205–55); he saved Constantine the God-Loving, the tsar of Constantinople, from a monster (there were a number of Byzantine emperors named Constantine, one of them contemporary of Prince Vladimir ,named Constantine VIII and it could also be a reference to Constantine VIII Phorphrygnetos , who encountered Olga of Kirche .But the one Emperor with this name most likely to be called "God-loving" was Constantine XI, 1405–53).
Ilya Muromets depictions
- Viktor Vasnetsov's 1898 painting Bogatyrs (center figure).
- Reinhold Glière's 1911 Symphony No. 3 (Ilya Muromets) in B minor, op. 42
- Ilya Muromets is depicted on the 1913 Russian stamp.
- Viktor Vasnetsov's 1914 painting Ilya Muromets.
- Aleksandr Ptushko's 1956 film Ilya Muromets.
- Konstantin Vasilyev's 1974 and 1977 paintings.
- Liz Williams' Nine Layers of Sky (2003) writes a modern day account of Ilya.
- Juraj Červenák's historic fiction Bogatyr trilogy (2006–2008).
- The Three Bogatyrs (2004 ongoing), an animated movie franchise by Melnitsa studio.
References
- ^ a b c public domain: . Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). 1906. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^ Josepha Sherman, Storytelling: An Encyclopedia of Mythology and Folklore, Routledge, 2015, ISBN 1317459385, pp. 234-235, "Ilya Murometz/Ilya of Murom"
- ^ a b c "Страсти по Илье", Vokrug Sveta, Magazine, January 1994
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Pictures of Muromets Template:Icon ru[dead link]
- Ilya Muromets at Tradestone Gallery's Russian Fairy Tales gallery
- The evolution of Christianity, X. The History of Russia in the Context of the Evolution of the National Spirit and Orthodoxy
- "The Sword and the Dragon" (1960) is the American English-dubbed version of Ptushko's 1956 film, "Ilya Murometz"