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Agree with Chandamma to retain original language, but condensed section. Criticism etc has to be concise and readable in 3 paragraphs. Extensive/ selective/copyrighted quotes unnecessary..readers need to get the main point
m Ok, I accept these edits as a reasonable solution to prevent "edit warring". Agree that a condensed section is more useful to a general reader.
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An excerpt from the chapter "The First Derivative of Identity" of his book ''The Gene: An Intimate History''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mukherjee|first1=S.|title=The Gene: An Intimate History|publisher=Penguin|location=UK|isbn=978-1-4767-3352-4|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=A8syDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT373&lpg=PT373&dq=siddhartha+mukherjee+gene+tulu&source=bl&ots=rU6Jto-aBg&sig=DE-plp1ELft7PmV5w3_aq23PTdc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjw4-CB39_TAhWBKo8KHag4CLgQ6AEIQzAF#v=onepage&q=siddhartha%20mukherjee%20gene%20tulu&f=false}}</ref> was critiqued by geneticists such as [[Mark Ptashne]], at the [[Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center]], and John Greally, at the [[Albert Einstein College of Medicine]], because of over emphasis on histone modification and DNA methylation, while overlooking other important factors. They commented that these two processes have only minor influences in overall gene function. [[Steven Henikoff]], at the [[Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center]], opined that, "Mukherjee seemed not to realize that transcription factors occupy the top of the hierarchy of epigenetic information," and said, "histone modifications at most act as cogs in the machinery."<ref name=woolston/> It is now generally believed that histone modifcation and DNA methylations are major factors of epigenetic fucntions, aging and certain diseases,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=López|first1=V.|last2=Fernández|first2=A.F.|last3=Fraga|first3=M.F.|title=The role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in development, aging and age-related diseases|journal=Ageing Research Reviews|date=2017|volume=Online|doi=10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.002|pmid=28499883}}</ref> and with an ability to influence transcription factors.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Yin|first1=Yimeng|last2=Morgunova|first2=Ekaterina|last3=Jolma|first3=Arttu|last4=Kaasinen|first4=Eevi|last5=Sahu|first5=Biswajyoti|last6=Khund-Sayeed|first6=Syed|last7=Das|first7=Pratyush K.|last8=Kivioja|first8=Teemu|last9=Dave|first9=Kashyap|last10=Zhong|first10=Fan|last11=Nitta|first11=Kazuhiro R.|last12=Taipale|first12=Minna|last13=Popov|first13=Alexander|last14=Ginno|first14=Paul A.|last15=Domcke|first15=Silvia|last16=Yan|first16=Jian|last17=Schübeler|first17=Dirk|last18=Vinson|first18=Charles|last19=Taipale|first19=Jussi|title=Impact of cytosine methylation on DNA binding specificities of human transcription factors|journal=Science|date=2017|volume=356|issue=6337|pages=eaaj2239|doi=10.1126/science.aaj2239|pmid=28473536|display-authors=8}}</ref> However, they contribute little to development.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Edwards|first1=John R.|last2=Yarychkivska|first2=Olya|last3=Boulard|first3=Mathieu|last4=Bestor|first4=Timothy H.|title=DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferases|journal=Epigenetics & Chromatin|date=2017|volume=10|issue=1|page=23|doi=10.1186/s13072-017-0130-8|pmid=28503201|pmc=5422929}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shen|first1=Hongjie|last2=Xu|first2=Wenqi|last3=Lan|first3=Fei|title=Histone lysine demethylases in mammalian embryonic development|journal=Experimental & Molecular Medicine|date=2017|volume=49|issue=4|pages=e325|doi=10.1038/emm.2017.57|pmid=28450736}}</ref> In response, Mukherjee did admit that omission of transcription factors "was an error" on his part.<ref name=woolston>{{cite journal|last1=Woolston|first1=Chris|title=Researcher under fire for New Yorker epigenetics article|journal=Nature|date=2016|volume=533|issue=7603|pages=295–295|doi=10.1038/533295f}}</ref>
An excerpt from the chapter "The First Derivative of Identity" of his book ''The Gene: An Intimate History''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mukherjee|first1=S.|title=The Gene: An Intimate History|publisher=Penguin|location=UK|isbn=978-1-4767-3352-4|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=A8syDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT373&lpg=PT373&dq=siddhartha+mukherjee+gene+tulu&source=bl&ots=rU6Jto-aBg&sig=DE-plp1ELft7PmV5w3_aq23PTdc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjw4-CB39_TAhWBKo8KHag4CLgQ6AEIQzAF#v=onepage&q=siddhartha%20mukherjee%20gene%20tulu&f=false}}</ref> was critiqued by geneticists such as [[Mark Ptashne]], at the [[Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center]], and John Greally, at the [[Albert Einstein College of Medicine]], because of over emphasis on histone modification and DNA methylation, while overlooking other important factors. They commented that these two processes have only minor influences in overall gene function. [[Steven Henikoff]], at the [[Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center]], opined that, "Mukherjee seemed not to realize that transcription factors occupy the top of the hierarchy of epigenetic information," and said, "histone modifications at most act as cogs in the machinery."<ref name=woolston/> It is now generally believed that histone modifcation and DNA methylations are major factors of epigenetic fucntions, aging and certain diseases,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=López|first1=V.|last2=Fernández|first2=A.F.|last3=Fraga|first3=M.F.|title=The role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in development, aging and age-related diseases|journal=Ageing Research Reviews|date=2017|volume=Online|doi=10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.002|pmid=28499883}}</ref> and with an ability to influence transcription factors.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Yin|first1=Yimeng|last2=Morgunova|first2=Ekaterina|last3=Jolma|first3=Arttu|last4=Kaasinen|first4=Eevi|last5=Sahu|first5=Biswajyoti|last6=Khund-Sayeed|first6=Syed|last7=Das|first7=Pratyush K.|last8=Kivioja|first8=Teemu|last9=Dave|first9=Kashyap|last10=Zhong|first10=Fan|last11=Nitta|first11=Kazuhiro R.|last12=Taipale|first12=Minna|last13=Popov|first13=Alexander|last14=Ginno|first14=Paul A.|last15=Domcke|first15=Silvia|last16=Yan|first16=Jian|last17=Schübeler|first17=Dirk|last18=Vinson|first18=Charles|last19=Taipale|first19=Jussi|title=Impact of cytosine methylation on DNA binding specificities of human transcription factors|journal=Science|date=2017|volume=356|issue=6337|pages=eaaj2239|doi=10.1126/science.aaj2239|pmid=28473536|display-authors=8}}</ref> However, they contribute little to development.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Edwards|first1=John R.|last2=Yarychkivska|first2=Olya|last3=Boulard|first3=Mathieu|last4=Bestor|first4=Timothy H.|title=DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferases|journal=Epigenetics & Chromatin|date=2017|volume=10|issue=1|page=23|doi=10.1186/s13072-017-0130-8|pmid=28503201|pmc=5422929}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shen|first1=Hongjie|last2=Xu|first2=Wenqi|last3=Lan|first3=Fei|title=Histone lysine demethylases in mammalian embryonic development|journal=Experimental & Molecular Medicine|date=2017|volume=49|issue=4|pages=e325|doi=10.1038/emm.2017.57|pmid=28450736}}</ref> In response, Mukherjee did admit that omission of transcription factors "was an error" on his part.<ref name=woolston>{{cite journal|last1=Woolston|first1=Chris|title=Researcher under fire for New Yorker epigenetics article|journal=Nature|date=2016|volume=533|issue=7603|pages=295–295|doi=10.1038/533295f}}</ref>


Mukherjee also wrongly stated that "[[Natural selection|classical Darwinian evolution]] is that genes do not retain an organism’s experiences in a permanently heritable manner... Darwin discredited that model [of [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lamarck]]]." But Darwin had no idea on gene—the concept of which was established only in the 20th century. Science writer Razib Khan noted this erroneous conception, and explained that "Darwin worked in the pre-genetic era... he himself was quite open to [[Lamarckianism]] in some cases."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Khan|first1=Razib|title=The New Yorker Has Fact-Checkers, They Should Use Them|url=http://www.unz.com/gnxp/the-new-yorker-has-fact-checkers-they-should-use-them/|accessdate=8 May 2017|work=The Unz Review: An Alternative Media Selection|date=28 April 2016}}</ref>
Mukherjee also wrongly stated that "[[Natural selection|classical Darwinian evolution]] is that genes do not retain an organism’s experiences in a permanently heritable manner... Darwin discredited that model [of [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lamarck]]]." But Darwin had no idea of the gene—the concept of which was established only in the 20th century. Science writer Razib Khan noted this erroneous conception, and explained that "Darwin worked in the pre-genetic era... he himself was quite open to [[Lamarckianism]] in some cases."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Khan|first1=Razib|title=The New Yorker Has Fact-Checkers, They Should Use Them|url=http://www.unz.com/gnxp/the-new-yorker-has-fact-checkers-they-should-use-them/|accessdate=8 May 2017|work=The Unz Review: An Alternative Media Selection|date=28 April 2016}}</ref>


==List of books published==
==List of books published==

Revision as of 15:56, 17 May 2017

Siddhartha Mukherjee
সিদ্ধার্থ মুখার্জী
Mukherjee in April 2011
Born (1970-07-21) 21 July 1970 (age 54)
New Delhi, India
NationalityAmerican, Indian
Alma mater
Known for
AwardsPulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction (2011)
Guardian First Book Award (2011)
Scientific career
InstitutionsColumbia University
ThesisThe processing and presentation of viral antigens (1997)
Website

Siddhartha Mukherjee (Bengali: সিদ্ধার্থ মুখার্জী; born 21 July 1970)[1] is an Indian-American physician, oncologist, and author best known for his 2010 book, The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer. He studied biology at Stanford University, obtained a D.Phil. from University of Oxford, and an M.D. from Harvard University.

Since 2009, Mukherjee is an Assistant Professor of Medicine at the Columbia University Medical Center in New York City. He has been the Plummer Visiting Professor at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, the Joseph Garland lecturer at the Massachusetts Medical Society, and an honorary visiting professor at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. A haematologist and oncologist by training, his research focuses on cancer therapy and gene functions related to blood cells.

The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer was a major breakthrough in his career. It received the 2011 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction.[2] It was named one of the 100 most influential books written in English since 1923 by Time[3] magazine, and one of the 100 notable books of 2010 by The New York Times Magazine.[4] Based on the book, Ken Burns made a PBS Television documentary film Cancer: The Emperor of All Maladies in 2015,[5] and was nominated for an Emmy Award.[6] In 2016, Mukherjee released The Gene: An Intimate History[7] which chronicles the history of the gene and a response to the defining question of the future: What becomes of being human when we learn to “read” and “write” our own genetic information?[8]

The Government of India conferred him its fourth highest civilian award, the Padma Shri, in 2014.[9]

Early life and education

Siddhartha Mukherjee was born to a Bengali family in New Delhi, India. His father, Sibeswar Mukherjee, was an executive with Mitsubishi, and his mother Chandana Mukherjee, was a former schoolteacher from Calcutta (now Kolkata). He attended St. Columba's School in Delhi, where he won the school's highest award, the 'Sword of Honour', in 1989. As a biology major at Stanford University, he worked in Nobel Laureate Paul Berg's laboratory, defining cellular genes that change the behaviours of cancer cells. He completed his B.S. degree in 1993.[1]

Mukherjee won a Rhodes Scholarship for doctoral research at the Magdalen College, University of Oxford. He worked on the mechanism of activation of the immune system by viral antigens. He was awarded a D.Phil. in 1997 for the thesis titled The processing and presentation of viral antigens degree in 1997 for research on viral antigens as a postgraduate student of Magdalen College, Oxford.[10] After graduation, he attended Harvard Medical School, where he earned his Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree in 2000.[11] Between 2000 and 2003 he worked as a resident in internal medicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital. From 2003 to 2006 he trained in oncology as a Fellow at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (under Harvard Medical School) in Boston, Massachusetts.[12][13]

Career

In 2009, Mukherjee joined the faculty of the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, at the Columbia University Medical Center as an Assistant Professor of Medicine.[1][14] The medical center he is working at is attached with the NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital in New York City.[15]

He was previously affiliated with the Harvard Stem Cell Institute and with Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. As of 2017, his laboratory is based at Columbia University's Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center.[16]

Contributions

Research

A trained haematologist and oncologist, Mukherjee's research focuses on the links between normal stem cells and cancer cells. He has been investigating the microenvironment ("niche") of stem cells, particularly on blood-forming stem cells. Blood-forming stem cells (called haematopoietic stem cells ) are present in the bone marrow in very specific microenvironments. The main blood-forming cells called osteoblasts are one of the principal components this environment. These cells regulate the process of blood cell formation and development, by providing them with signals to divide, remain quiescent, or maintain their stem cell properties. Mukherjee's research has been recognised through many grants from the National Institutes of Health and from private foundations,[13] including the prestigious "Challenge Grant" awarded by the National Institutes of Health to pioneering researchers in 2009.[17]

In work performed with collaborators in the 1990s and 2000s, Mukherjee's lab identified genes and chemicals that can alter the microenvironment, or niche, and thereby alter the behaviour of normal stem cells, as well as cancer cells. Two such chemicals studied in the lab – proteasome inhibitors and activin inhibitors — are currently in clinical trials with novel therapeutic uses as defined by these studies.[18][19] The lab has also identified novel genetic mutations in myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukaemia and has played a leading role in finding therapies for these diseases in the clinical setting.[20][21]

Mukherjee has published widely in peer reviewed scientific journals, including papers in Nature, Neuron, the Journal of Clinical Investigation, The New England Journal of Medicine and others.[22][23]

Books

In 2010, Simon & Schuster published his book, The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer[24] detailing the evolution of diagnosis and treatment of human cancers from ancient Egypt to the latest developments in chemotherapy and targeted therapy.[25] O, The Oprah Magazine listed it in its "Top 10 Books of 2010."[26] It was also listed in "The 10 Best Books of 2010" by The New York Times[27] and the "Top 10 Non-fiction Books of 2010" by Time.[28]

In 2011, The Emperor of All Maladies was nominated as a National Book Critics Circle Award finalist. On 18 April 2011, it won the annual Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction; the citation called it "an elegant inquiry, at once clinical and personal, into the long history of an insidious disease that, despite treatment breakthroughs, still bedevils medical science."[2] Mukherjee also received the PEN-E. O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award in 2011. The magazine Time also nominated Mukherjee to its "100 most influential people" list[29] and named his book one of the 100 best non-fiction books since 1923.[3]

Mukherjee's 2016 book The Gene: An Intimate History provides a history of genetic research, but also delves into the personal genetic history of the author's family, including mental illness. The book discusses the power of genetics in determining people's health and attributes, but it also has a cautionary tone to not let genetic predispositions define fate, a mentality that led to the rise of eugenics in history and something he thinks lacks the nuance required to understand something as complex as human beings. The Gene was shortlisted for the Royal Society Insight Investment Science Book Prize 2016, "the Nobel prize of science writing".[30]

Criticism and response

Mukherjee criticises IQ test as a measure of intelligence, and endorses the theory of multiple intelligences (introduced by Howard Gardner) over general intelligence. He asserts that the results of IQ tests for determining general intelligence do not represent intelligence in the real world and disputes the idea that some races (African Americans) have lower IQs, arguing that this is the result of scientific racism. Reviewing the book in The Spectator, Stuart Ritchie, a psychologist at the University of Edinburgh, remarked that Gardner's theory is "debunked" and that "general intelligence is probably the most well-replicated phenomenon in all of psychological science."[31]

An excerpt from the chapter "The First Derivative of Identity" of his book The Gene: An Intimate History.[32] was critiqued by geneticists such as Mark Ptashne, at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and John Greally, at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, because of over emphasis on histone modification and DNA methylation, while overlooking other important factors. They commented that these two processes have only minor influences in overall gene function. Steven Henikoff, at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, opined that, "Mukherjee seemed not to realize that transcription factors occupy the top of the hierarchy of epigenetic information," and said, "histone modifications at most act as cogs in the machinery."[33] It is now generally believed that histone modifcation and DNA methylations are major factors of epigenetic fucntions, aging and certain diseases,[34] and with an ability to influence transcription factors.[35] However, they contribute little to development.[36][37] In response, Mukherjee did admit that omission of transcription factors "was an error" on his part.[33]

Mukherjee also wrongly stated that "classical Darwinian evolution is that genes do not retain an organism’s experiences in a permanently heritable manner... Darwin discredited that model [of Lamarck]." But Darwin had no idea of the gene—the concept of which was established only in the 20th century. Science writer Razib Khan noted this erroneous conception, and explained that "Darwin worked in the pre-genetic era... he himself was quite open to Lamarckianism in some cases."[38]

List of books published

Awards and honours

Mukherjee was won several awards including:

Personal life

Mukherjee lives in New York and is married to artist Sarah Sze, winner of a MacArthur "Genius" grant and representative of the United States to the 2013 Venice Biennale. They have two daughters, Leela and Aria.[48][49]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Rogers, Kara. "Siddhartha Mukherjee: Indian-born American physician, scientist, and writer". www.britannica.com. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  2. ^ a b c "The 2011 Pulitzer Prize Winners: General Non-Fiction". The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 12 November 2013. With lengthy publisher description of the book and short biographical blurb.
  3. ^ a b c "All-TIME 100 Nonfiction Books". Time. 17 August 2011. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  4. ^ a b New York Times Sunday Book Review Editorial Staff (24 November 2010). "100 Notable Books of 2010". New York Times Magazine. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  5. ^ Genzlinger, Neil (27 March 2015). "Review: In 'Cancer: The Emperor of All Maladies,' Battling an Opportunistic Killer". New York Times. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  6. ^ "Siddhartha Mukherjee's Touching Cancer Docu Nominated at the Emmys". The Quint. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  7. ^ "the-gene". the-gene. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  8. ^ "The Gene". books.simonandschuster.com. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  9. ^ a b "Indo-American Siddhartha Mukherjee calls Padma Shri a great Honor". IANS. Biharprabha News. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  10. ^ Mukherjee, Siddhartha (1997). The processing and presentation of viral antigens (DPhil thesis). University of Oxford. OCLC 43182774.
  11. ^ "Medical Alumnus Wins Pulitzer Prize for Nonfiction". Harvard Magazine. 18 April 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  12. ^ Levin, Ann. "Cancer's Biographer". The Record (Columbia University). Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  13. ^ a b "Siddhartha Mukherjee, MD, DPhil". www.columbiadoctors.org. Columbia University. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  14. ^ McGrath, Charles (8 November 2010). "How Cancer Acquired Its Own Biographer". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  15. ^ "Siddhartha Mukherjee, MD, DPhil". NewYork-Presbyterian. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  16. ^ Chen, Xiaowei; Takemoto, Yoshihiro; Deng, Huan; Middelhoff, Moritz; Friedman, Richard A.; Chu, Timothy H.; Churchill, Michael J.; Ma, Yan; Nagar, Karan K.; Tailor, Yagnesh H.; Mukherjee, Siddhartha; Wang, Timothy C. (2017). "Histidine decarboxylase (HDC)-expressing granulocytic myeloid cells induce and recruit Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in murine colon cancer". OncoImmunology. 6 (3): e1290034. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1290034. PMC 5384347. PMID 28405523.
  17. ^ "Insight". The Rockefeller University. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  18. ^ Merin, Noah; Kelly, Kevin (2014). "Clinical Use of Proteasome Inhibitors in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma". Pharmaceuticals. 8 (1): 1–20. doi:10.3390/ph8010001. PMC 4381198. PMID 25545164.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  19. ^ Suvannasankha, Attaya; Chirgwin, John M (2014). "Role of bone-anabolic agents in the treatment of breast cancer bone metastases". Breast Cancer Research. 16 (6). doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0484-9. PMC 4429670. PMID 25757219.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  20. ^ Raaijmakers, Marc H. G. P.; Mukherjee, Siddhartha; Guo, Shangqin; Zhang, Siyi; Kobayashi, Tatsuya; Schoonmaker, Jesse A.; Ebert, Benjamin L.; Al-Shahrour, Fatima; et al. (2010). "Bone progenitor dysfunction induces myelodysplasia and secondary leukaemia". Nature. 464 (7290): 852–857. doi:10.1038/nature08851. PMC 3422863. PMID 20305640.
  21. ^ Guryanova, O A; Lieu, Y K; Garrett-Bakelman, F E; Spitzer, B; Glass, J L; Shank, K; Martinez, A B V; Rivera, S A; et al. (29 December 2015). "Dnmt3a regulates myeloproliferation and liver-specific expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells". Leukemia. 30 (5): 1133–1142. doi:10.1038/leu.2015.358. PMC 4856586. PMID 26710888.
  22. ^ Wagstaff, Anna. "Siddhartha Mukherjee: explaining cancer". Cancer World. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  23. ^ "Mukherjee S [Author]". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  24. ^ Mukherjee, Siddhartha (16 November 2010). The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4391-0795-9. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  25. ^ Roy, Amit (10 November 2009). "Chronicler of cancer, emperor of maladies". The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata). Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  26. ^ Sehgal, Parul. "The Emperor of All Maladies (Book Review)". Oprah.com. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  27. ^ "The 10 Best Books of 2010". The New York Times. 1 December 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  28. ^ "The Top 10 Everything of 2010". Time. 9 December 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  29. ^ "The 2011 TIME 100 Poll Results". Time. n.d. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  30. ^ Flood, Alison (4 August 2016). "Bill Bryson hails 'thrilling' Royal Society science book prize shortlist". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  31. ^ Ritchie, Stuart (28 May 2016). "How Siddhartha Mukherjee gets it wrong on IQ, sexuality and epigenetics". The Spectator. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  32. ^ Mukherjee, S. The Gene: An Intimate History. UK: Penguin. ISBN 978-1-4767-3352-4.
  33. ^ a b Woolston, Chris (2016). "Researcher under fire for New Yorker epigenetics article". Nature. 533 (7603): 295–295. doi:10.1038/533295f.
  34. ^ López, V.; Fernández, A.F.; Fraga, M.F. (2017). "The role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in development, aging and age-related diseases". Ageing Research Reviews. Online. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.002. PMID 28499883.
  35. ^ Yin, Yimeng; Morgunova, Ekaterina; Jolma, Arttu; Kaasinen, Eevi; Sahu, Biswajyoti; Khund-Sayeed, Syed; Das, Pratyush K.; Kivioja, Teemu; et al. (2017). "Impact of cytosine methylation on DNA binding specificities of human transcription factors". Science. 356 (6337): eaaj2239. doi:10.1126/science.aaj2239. PMID 28473536.
  36. ^ Edwards, John R.; Yarychkivska, Olya; Boulard, Mathieu; Bestor, Timothy H. (2017). "DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferases". Epigenetics & Chromatin. 10 (1): 23. doi:10.1186/s13072-017-0130-8. PMC 5422929. PMID 28503201.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  37. ^ Shen, Hongjie; Xu, Wenqi; Lan, Fei (2017). "Histone lysine demethylases in mammalian embryonic development". Experimental & Molecular Medicine. 49 (4): e325. doi:10.1038/emm.2017.57. PMID 28450736.
  38. ^ Khan, Razib (28 April 2016). "The New Yorker Has Fact-Checkers, They Should Use Them". The Unz Review: An Alternative Media Selection. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  39. ^ Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Laws of Medicine: Field Notes from an Uncertain Science, Simon & Schuster, 2015 (page visited on 10 December 2015).
  40. ^ James Gleick, "The Gene, by Siddhartha Mukherjee, New York Times May 15, 2016 review
  41. ^ Los Angeles Times Book Review Editorial Staff (2011). "2010 Los Angeles Times Book Prizes Winners & Finalists". Los Angeles Times Festival of Books. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  42. ^ Joanna Bourke (10 October 2011). "2011 Wellcome Trust Book Prize shortlist". The Lancet. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
  43. ^ "Padma Awards Announced". Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 25 January 2014. Archived from the original on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  44. ^ "Shortlist for The Royal Society Insight Investment Science Book Prize 2016 unveiled". The Royal Society. 6 August 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
  45. ^ "Nobel laureate Svetlana Alexievich heads longlist for UK's top nonfiction award". 20 September 2016.
  46. ^ GrrlScientist (15 March 2017). "Wellcome Book Prize 2017 Shortlist Revealed".
  47. ^ "10 Best Books of 2016". The Washington Post. 17 November 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
  48. ^ "An Oncologist Writes 'A Biography of Cancer'". NPR. 17 November 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  49. ^ Shapin, Steven (8 November 2010). "Cancer World: The Making of a Modern Disease". The New Yorker. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
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