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| image =
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| birth_date = December 29, 1963
| birth_date = December 29, 1963
| birth_place = Southampton, UK
| birth_place = Portsmouth, UK
| residence = Middlesbrough, UK
| residence = Middlesbrough, UK
| citizenship = Canadian/British
| citizenship = Canadian/British
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| employer = Teesside University
| employer = Teesside University
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'''Julian Lawrence''' is an award winning [[Canadians|Canadian]] [[cartoonist]] and educator specializing in comic books. Born in [[England]] and raised in bilingual [[Quebec]], his work has been published and displayed internationally by [[Fantagraphics Books]] , [[Les Editions des Plaines]] , [[Conundrum Press]] , [[National Film Board of Canada]] , [[Penguin Books]] , [[Cartoon Network]] and the [[Aboriginal Peoples Television Network]]. He currently works as course leader and senior lecturer in the Comics and Graphic Novels B.A. Honours program at [[Teesside University]] in [[Middlesbrough]], [[UK]].
Julian Lawrence is an award winning [[Canadian]] [[cartoonist]], [[educator]] and comics scholar. A longtime member of Vancouver’s [[DIY]] independent art scene, Lawrence is also an arts educator and researcher, with a specialization in using hand drawn comics as a tool to mitigate the impacts of digital technology on classroom learning. He currently resides in [[Middlesbrough]], England, where he is Course Leader and Senior Lecturer in the Comics and Graphic Novels B.A. Honours program at [[Teesside University]].


==Career==
⚫
Julian’s academic work concentrates on the undercurrents of communication through gesture in the medium of comics. His research explores freehand narrative drawing and its impact on representations of artist identity. Investigations of these topics led him to combine theories of authorship with semiotic analysis of comics. This combination constitutes a large focus of Julian’s art/research/teaching practice. His most recent work include the publication of two graphic novels (part of a trilogy based on the writings of Americal novelist Stephen Crane): Drippy’s Mama and The Red Drip of Courage, as well as contributions to the book The Bliss and Blisters of Early Career Teaching: A Pan-Canadian Perspective and SANE Journal: Sequential Art Narrative in Education. Julian lives in Middlesbrough, UK where he works as a Senior Lecturer in Comics and Graphic Novels at Teesside University.
Born in [[Portsmouth, England]], Lawrence immigrated as a child with his family to [[Québec]] in the mid-1960s, during an era of intense anti-English sentiment in that Province. To cope with the social rejection he received from his Francophone classmates, Lawrence turned to reading and writing comics both for entertainment as well as a tool for improving his French language literacy.


=== Artist===
⚫
He was an instructor at [[Emily Carr University of Art and Design]] and former member of the musical group [[July Fourth Toilet]].<ref name="bio">{{cite web |url=http://www.drippytown.com/dp/index.php?id=22 |title=Biography |work=Drippytown Comics and Stories |accessdate=February 20, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002074616/http://www.drippytown.com/dp/index.php?id=22 |archivedate=October 2, 2011 }}</ref><ref name="july">{{cite web |url=http://www.julyfourthtoilet.com/performances.html |title=Performance History |work=July Fourth Toilet official website |accessdate=March 9, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828171514/http://www.julyfourthtoilet.com/performances.html |archivedate=August 28, 2008 }}</ref> Lawrence was awarded a [[Xeric Grant]] in 2000.<ref name="xeric">{{cite web|url=http://xericfoundation.org/comicbooks/2000.html |title=Comic Book Self-publishing Grants |work=[[Xeric Foundation]] |accessdate=February 20, 2010}}</ref>
In the early 1990’s, Lawrence moved to [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], where he worked as an independent artist on a variety of projects, including: writer/illustrator for [[Fantagraphics]] (three issues of a historical biography comic series titled “Crucial Fiction”) <ref name="ink">{{cite web|url=http://inkstuds.com/wp-content/podcast/060622%20julian%20lawrence.mp3 |title=Julian Lawrence (Audio interview) |work=Inkstuds |accessdate=February 20, 2010 |format=mp3}}</ref>; storyboard artist for the [[a.k.a. Cartoon]] animated series [[Ed, Edd n Eddy]] ; character designer for the [[Aboriginal Peoples Television Network]] animated series [[Artie the Ant]] and Senior Editor at [http://www.zeros2heroes.com Zeros2Heroes Media].


In the spring of 1999, Lawrence co-created (along with [[Robert Dayton]]) the ''Drippy Gazette'' – a short-lived (12 issues) monthly [[Duotone|two-color]] newspaper featuring comics from Vancouver artists, with each issue cover featuring an anthropomorphized raindrop (dressed as a 1930's newsboy) named Drippy the Newsboy. <ref name="gazette">{{cite web |url=http://www.drippytown.com/dp/index.php?id=12 |title=Drippy Gazette |work=Drippytown Comics and Stories |accessdate=February 20, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002074625/http://www.drippytown.com/dp/index.php?id=12 |archivedate=October 2, 2011 }}</ref>
⚫
== Comics ==
⚫
From this, Lawrence subsequently won a grant from the [[Xeric Foundation]] in 2000.<ref name="xeric">{{cite web|url=http://xericfoundation.org/comicbooks/2000.html |title=Comic Book Self-publishing Grants |work=[[Xeric Foundation]] |accessdate=February 20, 2010}}</ref> to help publish ''[[Drippytown Comics]]''<ref name="comics">{{cite web |url=http://www.drippytown.com/dp/index.php?id=19 |title=Drippytown Comics |work=Drippytown Comics and Stories |accessdate=February 20, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002074631/http://www.drippytown.com/dp/index.php?id=19 |archivedate=October 2, 2011 }}</ref>, an anthology series which grew out from the Gazette <ref name=xeric/> and served to showcase the work of each contributing artist. Notable artists included [[Colin Upton]] and [[Jason Turner (cartoonist)|Jason Turner]].<ref name="ub">{{cite web|url=http://ubyssey.ca/culture/drippytown-is-a-bizarre-decrepit-funny-and-morbid-commentary-on-our-wet-city |title=Drippytown is a bizarre, decrepit, funny and morbid commentary on our wet city |work=The Ubyssey |accessdate=February 20, 2010}}</ref>


⚫
==== The Magical Life of Long Tack Sam ====
=== Crucial Fiction ===
In the early 1990s, Lawrence published three issues of a series called ''Crucial Fiction'' for [[Fantagraphics]]. The comic was biographical in nature, and documented the stories of [[Pope Joan]] and [[John R. Brinkley]].<ref name="ink">{{cite web|url=http://inkstuds.com/wp-content/podcast/060622%20julian%20lawrence.mp3 |title=Julian Lawrence (Audio interview) |work=Inkstuds |accessdate=February 20, 2010 |format=mp3}}</ref>
In 2007, Lawrence contributed artwork to ''[[The Magical Life of Long Tack Sam]]'', a graphic novel documenting the life of a once famous [[Chinese people|Chinese]] [[vaudeville]] performer. The book was named on the [[American Library Association]]'s ''Top Ten Graphic Novels for Teens''<ref name="aaff">{{cite web|url=http://www.asianamericanfilm.com/archives/001336.html |title=Ann Marie Fleming on the "Long Tack Sam" graphic novel |work=AsianAmericanFilm.com |accessdate=February 20, 2010}}</ref>. Lawrence also worked on the animated film adaptation, produced by the [[National Film Board of Canada]].


⚫
==== The Adventures of Drippy the Newsboy ====
=== Drippytown Comics ===
In 2014 and 2015, Lawrence used his character Drippy the Newsboy as the protagonist for a comic book trilogy based on the writings of [[Americans|American]] author [[Stephen Crane]]. Lawrence emulated Crane's literary narrative style by contrasting exceptionally detailed artwork with [[slang]]-filled dialogue.<ref name=ink/>
⚫
In spring of 1999, Lawrence worked with [[Robert Dayton]] to start the ''Drippy Gazette'' – a monthly, [[Duotone|two-color]] newspaper featuring comics from [[Vancouver]] artists. The series was published September 1999 through September 2000, featuring 12 issues total.<ref name="gazette">{{cite web |url=http://www.drippytown.com/dp/index.php?id=12 |title=Drippy Gazette |work=Drippytown Comics and Stories |accessdate=February 20, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002074625/http://www.drippytown.com/dp/index.php?id=12 |archivedate=October 2, 2011 }}</ref> Lawrence subsequently won a grant from the [[Xeric Foundation]] to help publish ''[[Drippytown Comics]]'', which grew out from the Gazette.<ref name=xeric/> The publication has featured a character shaped like a drop of water on many of its covers.<ref name="comics">{{cite web |url=http://www.drippytown.com/dp/index.php?id=19 |title=Drippytown Comics |work=Drippytown Comics and Stories |accessdate=February 20, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002074631/http://www.drippytown.com/dp/index.php?id=19 |archivedate=October 2, 2011 }}</ref> The series is an [[anthology]] and is used to showcase pieces that represent each contributing artist. Notable artists have included [[Colin Upton]] and [[Jason Turner (cartoonist)|Jason Turner]].<ref name="ub">{{cite web|url=http://ubyssey.ca/culture/drippytown-is-a-bizarre-decrepit-funny-and-morbid-commentary-on-our-wet-city |title=Drippytown is a bizarre, decrepit, funny and morbid commentary on our wet city |work=The Ubyssey |accessdate=February 20, 2010}}</ref> ''Drippytown'' was inspired by Lawrence's earlier work on another local cartoon publication, ''Cartoon Party''. Lawrence also used ''Drippytown'' to serialize a comic based on [[Americans|American]] author [[Stephen Crane]]'s ''[[George's Mother]]''. Lawrence emulated Crane's literary style by drawing very detailed artwork, and using dialogue filled with [[slang]].<ref name=ink/>
⚫
Conundrum Press has published two volumes of The Adventures of Drippy the Newsboy: Volume I: Drippy's Mama; and Volume II: The Red Drip of Courage. Lawrence is currently in production of the final book in the trilogy, Volume III: The Dripping Boat.


=== Researcher ===
⚫
=== The Magical Life of Long Tack Sam ===
In 2007, Lawrence contributed artwork to ''[[The Magical Life of Long Tack Sam]]'', a graphic novel documenting the life of a famous [[Chinese people|Chinese]] [[vaudeville]] performer. The book was named on the [[American Library Association]]'s ''Top Ten Graphic Novels for Teens''.<ref name="aaff">{{cite web|url=http://www.asianamericanfilm.com/archives/001336.html |title=Ann Marie Fleming on the "Long Tack Sam" graphic novel |work=AsianAmericanFilm.com |accessdate=February 20, 2010}}</ref>


⚫
Julian’s academic work concentrates on the undercurrents of communication through gesture in the medium of comics. His research explores freehand narrative drawing and its impact on representations of artist identity. Investigations of these topics led him to combine theories of authorship with semiotic analysis of comics. This combination constitutes a large focus of Julian’s art/research/teaching practice. His most recent work includes contributions to the book The Bliss and Blisters of Early Career Teaching: A Pan-Canadian Perspective and SANE Journal: Sequential Art Narrative in Education.
⚫
=== The Adventures of Drippy the Newsboy ===
⚫
In 2014 and 2015, Conundrum Press published two volumes of The Adventures of Drippy the Newboy: Volume I: Drippy's Mama; and Volume II: The Red Drip of Courage. Lawrence is currently in production of the final book in the trilogy, Volume III: The Dripping Boat.


⚫
==== MA in art education ====
== Academic work ==
⚫
In May 2017, completed a master's degree in art education at [[University of British Columbia]]. <ref name="masters">{{cite web|url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0343566 |title=Secret identities in the classroom |work=UBC Open Collections |accessdate=March 26, 2017}}</ref> Much of his recent comics work concentrates on comics as research tool in pedagogy.<ref name="research">{{cite web|url=https://julianlawrence.academia.edu/research#papers |title=Academia.edu |work=Julian Lawrence Research Papers |accessdate=March 26, 2017}}</ref>
⚫
=== MA in art education ===

⚫
In 2014 Lawrence began post-graduate studies in comics and education, completing a master's degree in art education in May 2017.<ref name="masters">{{cite web|url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0343566 |title=Secret identities in the classroom |work=UBC Open Collections |accessdate=March 26, 2017}}</ref> Much of his recent comics work concentrates on comics as research tool in pedagogy.<ref name="research">{{cite web|url=https://julianlawrence.academia.edu/research#papers |title=Academia.edu |work=Julian Lawrence Research Papers |accessdate=March 26, 2017}}</ref>
===Teacher===

Lawrence began his teaching career in the late 1990's as a guest artist in local Vancouver schools, where he would teach simple drawing techniques to students during art lessons. In 2009, he joined the roster of artists at [https://artstarts.com ArtStarts], a government funded charitable organization that promotes integrating art into school curriculum. As a result, Lawrence began using comics as a tool for achieving multi-disciplinary learning outcomes.

Between 2003-2018, Lawrence was an instructor at [[Emily Carr University of Art and Design]], where he designed and delivered courses on Graphic Novel narrative structures; expression and character; professional practices and autobiographic storytelling.

==Music==
⚫
Lawrence was a founding member of Vancouver avant garde musical collective [[July Fourth Toilet]].<ref name="bio">{{cite web |url=http://www.drippytown.com/dp/index.php?id=22 |title=Biography |work=Drippytown Comics and Stories |accessdate=February 20, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002074616/http://www.drippytown.com/dp/index.php?id=22 |archivedate=October 2, 2011 }}</ref><ref name="july">{{cite web |url=http://www.julyfourthtoilet.com/performances.html |title=Performance History |work=July Fourth Toilet official website |accessdate=March 9, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828171514/http://www.julyfourthtoilet.com/performances.html |archivedate=August 28, 2008 }}</ref>


⚫
== Awards ==
* Jeanette Andrews Scholarship in Art Education, [[University of British Columbia]], 2017
* Freeperson Award, Best Cartoon/Illustration (co-authored with Dr. Rita Irwin & Dr. Ching-Chiu Lin), The Canadian Association of Labour Media (CALM), 2016
* [[Gene Day]] Award, Best Self-Published Comic (anthology contributor, edited by Bevan Thomas), 2016
* Pop Vox Award, Best Digital Learning Initiative, 2009
* Sophie Burnett Award, Emily Carr University, 2009
* [[Doug Wright]] Award, Best Book (written, compiled and edited by Ann Marie Fleming), 2008
* Achievement Award, [[Emily Carr University]], 2007 & 2008

==Bibliography==
* Lawrence, J. (Accepted/In press). Where the Action Is: Crumb, Semiotics, L'Ecriture Feminine, and Taste. In D. Worden (Ed.), The Art of R. Crumb
* Lawrence, Julian, Lin, C-C., & Can, I. (Accepted/In press). Relational Connections through the Space of Learning: Exploring Youths' Experiences of Filmmaking with Comics (2019). International Journal of Education Through Art.
* Lawrence, J. Visualizing Conflicting Worldviews: The Comics Page and the Computer Screen (2017). Journal of Cultural Research in Art Education, # 34.
* Lawrence, Julian, Lin, C-C., Irwin, R. & Lum A: Mentoring through the Comics. (2017) (Kutsyuruba, Benjamin & Walker, Keith. (2017). The Bliss and Blisters of Early Career Teaching: A Pan-Canadian Perspective.) Word & Deed. ISBN: 978-0-9918626-9-6
* Lawrence, Julian; Lin, C-C; and Irwin, R. (2017) "Images, Speech Balloons, and Artful Representation: Comics as Visual
Narratives of Early Career Teachers," SANE journal: Sequential Art Narrative in Education: Vol. 2 : Iss. 2 , Article 3.
* “Mentorship Comics” (2016). (Co-authored with Dr. Rita Irwin and Dr. Ching-Chiu Lin). BC Mentoring (webcomic).
* “Why Is Teacher Mentorship Essential?” (2016). Comics essay (co-authored with Dr. Rita Irwin and Dr. Ching-Chiu Lin). Teacher Newsmagazine. Sep/Oct, pp. 18-19.
* “Changing Notions of Teacher Mentorship in British Columbia” (2016). Comics essay (co-authored with Dr. Rita Irwin and Dr. Ching-Chiu Lin). The Canadian Association of Principals Journal. Fall issue, pp. 44-47.
* “Mentorship Confidential!” (2015). Comics essay (Co-authored with Dr. Rita Irwin and Dr. Ching-Chiu Lin). Teacher Newsmagazine. May/Jun, pp. 8-9.


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 12:36, 22 October 2019

Julian Andrew Lawrence
BornDecember 29, 1963
Portsmouth, UK
CitizenshipCanadian/British
Alma materUniversity of British Columbia
Occupation(s)Senior Lecturer in Comics and Graphic Novels
EmployerTeesside University

Julian Lawrence is an award winning Canadian cartoonist, educator and comics scholar. A longtime member of Vancouver’s DIY independent art scene, Lawrence is also an arts educator and researcher, with a specialization in using hand drawn comics as a tool to mitigate the impacts of digital technology on classroom learning. He currently resides in Middlesbrough, England, where he is Course Leader and Senior Lecturer in the Comics and Graphic Novels B.A. Honours program at Teesside University.

Career

Born in Portsmouth, England, Lawrence immigrated as a child with his family to Québec in the mid-1960s, during an era of intense anti-English sentiment in that Province. To cope with the social rejection he received from his Francophone classmates, Lawrence turned to reading and writing comics both for entertainment as well as a tool for improving his French language literacy.

Artist

In the early 1990’s, Lawrence moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, where he worked as an independent artist on a variety of projects, including: writer/illustrator for Fantagraphics (three issues of a historical biography comic series titled “Crucial Fiction”) [1]; storyboard artist for the a.k.a. Cartoon animated series Ed, Edd n Eddy ; character designer for the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network animated series Artie the Ant and Senior Editor at Zeros2Heroes Media.

In the spring of 1999, Lawrence co-created (along with Robert Dayton) the Drippy Gazette – a short-lived (12 issues) monthly two-color newspaper featuring comics from Vancouver artists, with each issue cover featuring an anthropomorphized raindrop (dressed as a 1930's newsboy) named Drippy the Newsboy. [2] From this, Lawrence subsequently won a grant from the Xeric Foundation in 2000.[3] to help publish Drippytown Comics[4], an anthology series which grew out from the Gazette [3] and served to showcase the work of each contributing artist. Notable artists included Colin Upton and Jason Turner.[5]

The Magical Life of Long Tack Sam

In 2007, Lawrence contributed artwork to The Magical Life of Long Tack Sam, a graphic novel documenting the life of a once famous Chinese vaudeville performer. The book was named on the American Library Association's Top Ten Graphic Novels for Teens[6]. Lawrence also worked on the animated film adaptation, produced by the National Film Board of Canada.

The Adventures of Drippy the Newsboy

In 2014 and 2015, Lawrence used his character Drippy the Newsboy as the protagonist for a comic book trilogy based on the writings of American author Stephen Crane. Lawrence emulated Crane's literary narrative style by contrasting exceptionally detailed artwork with slang-filled dialogue.[1] Conundrum Press has published two volumes of The Adventures of Drippy the Newsboy: Volume I: Drippy's Mama; and Volume II: The Red Drip of Courage. Lawrence is currently in production of the final book in the trilogy, Volume III: The Dripping Boat.

Researcher

Julian’s academic work concentrates on the undercurrents of communication through gesture in the medium of comics. His research explores freehand narrative drawing and its impact on representations of artist identity. Investigations of these topics led him to combine theories of authorship with semiotic analysis of comics. This combination constitutes a large focus of Julian’s art/research/teaching practice. His most recent work includes contributions to the book The Bliss and Blisters of Early Career Teaching: A Pan-Canadian Perspective and SANE Journal: Sequential Art Narrative in Education.

MA in art education

In May 2017, completed a master's degree in art education at University of British Columbia. [7] Much of his recent comics work concentrates on comics as research tool in pedagogy.[8]

Teacher

Lawrence began his teaching career in the late 1990's as a guest artist in local Vancouver schools, where he would teach simple drawing techniques to students during art lessons. In 2009, he joined the roster of artists at ArtStarts, a government funded charitable organization that promotes integrating art into school curriculum. As a result, Lawrence began using comics as a tool for achieving multi-disciplinary learning outcomes.

Between 2003-2018, Lawrence was an instructor at Emily Carr University of Art and Design, where he designed and delivered courses on Graphic Novel narrative structures; expression and character; professional practices and autobiographic storytelling.

Music

Lawrence was a founding member of Vancouver avant garde musical collective July Fourth Toilet.[9][10]


Awards

  • Jeanette Andrews Scholarship in Art Education, University of British Columbia, 2017
  • Freeperson Award, Best Cartoon/Illustration (co-authored with Dr. Rita Irwin & Dr. Ching-Chiu Lin), The Canadian Association of Labour Media (CALM), 2016
  • Gene Day Award, Best Self-Published Comic (anthology contributor, edited by Bevan Thomas), 2016
  • Pop Vox Award, Best Digital Learning Initiative, 2009
  • Sophie Burnett Award, Emily Carr University, 2009
  • Doug Wright Award, Best Book (written, compiled and edited by Ann Marie Fleming), 2008
  • Achievement Award, Emily Carr University, 2007 & 2008

Bibliography

  • Lawrence, J. (Accepted/In press). Where the Action Is: Crumb, Semiotics, L'Ecriture Feminine, and Taste. In D. Worden (Ed.), The Art of R. Crumb
  • Lawrence, Julian, Lin, C-C., & Can, I. (Accepted/In press). Relational Connections through the Space of Learning: Exploring Youths' Experiences of Filmmaking with Comics (2019). International Journal of Education Through Art.
  • Lawrence, J. Visualizing Conflicting Worldviews: The Comics Page and the Computer Screen (2017). Journal of Cultural Research in Art Education, # 34.
  • Lawrence, Julian, Lin, C-C., Irwin, R. & Lum A: Mentoring through the Comics. (2017) (Kutsyuruba, Benjamin & Walker, Keith. (2017). The Bliss and Blisters of Early Career Teaching: A Pan-Canadian Perspective.) Word & Deed. ISBN: 978-0-9918626-9-6
  • Lawrence, Julian; Lin, C-C; and Irwin, R. (2017) "Images, Speech Balloons, and Artful Representation: Comics as Visual

Narratives of Early Career Teachers," SANE journal: Sequential Art Narrative in Education: Vol. 2 : Iss. 2 , Article 3.

  • “Mentorship Comics” (2016). (Co-authored with Dr. Rita Irwin and Dr. Ching-Chiu Lin). BC Mentoring (webcomic).
  • “Why Is Teacher Mentorship Essential?” (2016). Comics essay (co-authored with Dr. Rita Irwin and Dr. Ching-Chiu Lin). Teacher Newsmagazine. Sep/Oct, pp. 18-19.
  • “Changing Notions of Teacher Mentorship in British Columbia” (2016). Comics essay (co-authored with Dr. Rita Irwin and Dr. Ching-Chiu Lin). The Canadian Association of Principals Journal. Fall issue, pp. 44-47.
  • “Mentorship Confidential!” (2015). Comics essay (Co-authored with Dr. Rita Irwin and Dr. Ching-Chiu Lin). Teacher Newsmagazine. May/Jun, pp. 8-9.

References

  1. ^ a b "Julian Lawrence (Audio interview)" (mp3). Inkstuds. Retrieved February 20, 2010.
  2. ^ "Drippy Gazette". Drippytown Comics and Stories. Archived from the original on October 2, 2011. Retrieved February 20, 2010.
  3. ^ a b "Comic Book Self-publishing Grants". Xeric Foundation. Retrieved February 20, 2010.
  4. ^ "Drippytown Comics". Drippytown Comics and Stories. Archived from the original on October 2, 2011. Retrieved February 20, 2010.
  5. ^ "Drippytown is a bizarre, decrepit, funny and morbid commentary on our wet city". The Ubyssey. Retrieved February 20, 2010.
  6. ^ "Ann Marie Fleming on the "Long Tack Sam" graphic novel". AsianAmericanFilm.com. Retrieved February 20, 2010.
  7. ^ "Secret identities in the classroom". UBC Open Collections. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
  8. ^ "Academia.edu". Julian Lawrence Research Papers. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
  9. ^ "Biography". Drippytown Comics and Stories. Archived from the original on October 2, 2011. Retrieved February 20, 2010.
  10. ^ "Performance History". July Fourth Toilet official website. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved March 9, 2010.


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