2020 Montenegrin parliamentary election: Difference between revisions
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==Results== |
==Results== |
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The result was a victory for the lists of parties which were in opposition in the previous parliament: [[For the Future of Montenegro]], [[Peace is Our Nation]], [[United Reform Action]] and the [[Social Democratic Party of Montenegro|Social Democratic Party]]. Opposition lists won 43 of the 81 seats in the Parliament of Montenegro, while the ruling [[Democratic Party of Socialists|DPS]], together with the [[Liberal Party of Montenegro|Liberal Party]], won 30 seats, going into opposition after thirty years in power. Three opposition lists, |
The result was a victory for the lists of parties which were in opposition in the previous parliament: [[For the Future of Montenegro]], [[Peace is Our Nation]], [[United Reform Action]] and the [[Social Democratic Party of Montenegro|Social Democratic Party]]. Opposition lists won 43 of the 81 seats in the Parliament of Montenegro, while the ruling [[Democratic Party of Socialists|DPS]], together with the [[Liberal Party of Montenegro|Liberal Party]], won 30 seats, going into opposition after thirty years in power. Three opposition lists, For the Future of Montenegro, Peace is Our Nation, and the United Reform Action party, which won a combined majority of 41 MPs, announced the formation of a coalition government.<ref name="N1_1" /> |
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Opposition success at the national level was accompanied by its success at local level elections. It won four out of five municipalities where elections were held, including [[Budva]], [[Kotor]], [[Tivat]] and [[Andrijevica]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2020/08/31/montenegro-opposition-calls-for-reconciliation-after-claiming-election-win/|title=Montenegro Opposition Calls for Reconciliation After Claiming Election Win|date=31 August 2020}}</ref> |
Opposition success at the national level was accompanied by its success at local level elections. It won four out of five municipalities where elections were held, including [[Budva]], [[Kotor]], [[Tivat]] and [[Andrijevica]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2020/08/31/montenegro-opposition-calls-for-reconciliation-after-claiming-election-win/|title=Montenegro Opposition Calls for Reconciliation After Claiming Election Win|date=31 August 2020}}</ref> |
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All 81 seats in the Parliament 41 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 76.65%  3.32 pp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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Parliamentary elections were held in Montenegro on 30 August 2020. They were the eleventh parliamentary elections since the first multi-party elections in 1990, and the fifth in Montenegro since gaining its independence in 2006. Eighty-one members of the Parliament were elected. Elections were organized in special conditions, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro.
The period before the election was marked by high polarization. Several corruption scandals of the ruling party triggered 2019 anti-government protests, while a controversial religion law sparked another wave of protests. International observers announced that elections were competitive, but that governing party benefited from widespread abuse of office and state resources and from lack of independent media.
The election resulted in a victory for the opposition parties and the fall from power of the ruling DPS, which had ruled the country since the introduction of the multi-party system in 1990. The next day, 31 August, the leaders of three opposition coalitions, For the Future of Montenegro, Peace is Our Nation and In Black and White, agreed to form an expert government and to continue to work on the European Union accession process.
Background
Following the 2016 parliamentary elections, the entire opposition started a collective boycott of all parliamentary sittings. In January 2017, 39 of the 81 MPs were boycotting parliament, requesting early elections to be held no later than 2018, when the next presidential elections were scheduled.[1][2]
In 2016, then Vice President of the ruling DPS Svetozar Marović was arrested in connection to a long-running corruption case concerning his hometown of Budva; the Montenegrin prosecutor's office labeled him as "head of Budva criminal group," which he later admitted in court. He eventually fled to neighboring Serbia for alleged psychiatric treatment in Belgrade, where he currently resides. Montenegro has repeatedly requested his extradition from Serbia.[3] In August 2020, Marović spoke to the media for the first time, after fleeing to Belgrade, accusing the leadership of the party he founded of corruption, nepotism, partocracy and authoritarianism, also accusing President Đukanović of rigging the corruption process against him and members of his family.[4]
In its June 2018 report, issued after the April 2018 presidential election, the OSCE’s Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, called for election reforms in Montenegro, and for more integrity, impartiality and professionalism in election administration.[5]
Protests against corruption in the DPS-led government started in February 2019 after the revelation of footage and documents that appeared to implicate top officials in obtaining funds for the ruling party. On 30 March, all 39 opposition MPs signed an "Agreement for the Future", proposed by the protest organizers, in which they promised to boycott the 2020 elections if they were deemed irregular. In May 2020 the protest organizers called for a boycott of the 30 August elections, along with some opposition parties, claiming that the elections would not be held under fair conditions.[6]
The EU-backed board for electoral system reform, which both the government and the opposition participated in, failed in December 2019, after the opposition left the board sessions as a protest against the government passing a controversial law on religion, accusing the ruling party of inciting ethnic hatred and unrest.[7] In late December 2019 another wave of protests started against the newly adopted law which de jure transfers the ownership of church buildings and estates from the Serbian Orthodox Church to the Montenegrin state.[8][9]
In its political rights and civil liberties worldwide report in May 2020, Freedom House marked Montenegro as a hybrid regime rather than a democracy because of declining standards in governance, justice, elections, and media freedom. Freedom House stated that years of increasing state capture, abuse of power and strongman tactics had been employed by long-term Prime Minister and President Milo Đukanović, and for the first time since 2003, Montenegro was no longer categorised as a democracy. The report emphasised the unequal electoral process, cases of political arrests, negative developments related to judicial independence, media freedoms, as well as a series of unresolved cases of corruption within the DPS-led government. Despite repeated demands from the opposition, NGO sector and the EU-backed institutions for the professionalization and neutralisation of institutions controlling the electoral process, they are still under the de facto control of the ruling Democratic Party of Socialists-led coalition government.[10][11][12]
Electoral system
The 81 seats of the Parliament of Montenegro are elected in a single nationwide constituency using closed list proportional representation. Seats are allocated using the d'Hondt method with a 3% electoral threshold. However, minority groups that account for no more than 15% of the population in a district are given an exemption that lowers the electoral threshold to 0.7% for a maximum of three seats.[13] A separate exemption is given to ethnic Croats whereby if no list representing the population passes the 0.7% threshold, the list with the most votes will win one seat if it receives more than 0.35% of the vote.[14]
Campaign
On 1 May 2019, the Socialist People's Party (SNP), United Montenegro (UCG), Workers' Party (RP) and Independent group in the parliament agreed to form a new catch-all political alliance under the name For the Benefit of All.[15][16] The alliance eventually dissoluted prior the election. In August 2020 all three parties decided to join a pre-election coalition with right-wing Democratic Front (DF) alliance, under the name For the Future of Montenegro,[17] as did some minor political parties, such as the True Montenegro (PCG), Democratic Party of Unity (DSJ), Democratic Serb Party (DSS) and Yugoslav Communist Party (JKP).[18]
On 11 July 2020 the Civic Movement URA decided to run independently, presenting its centre-left "In Black and White" election platform, led by independent candidates, including well known journalist and activist Milka Tadić, some university professors, journalists, civic and NGO activists, with the party leader Dritan Abazović as a ballot carrier.[19] URA electoral list also contains one representative of the Bosniak minority interests SPP party, as well of some minor localist parties and initiatives.[20]
Democratic Montenegro, DEMOS, the New Left, PUPI and the NGO Policy Research Society, agreed to form a pre-election coalition under the name Peace is Our Nation, with Democratic Montenegro leader Aleksa Bečić as a ballot carrier.[21][22]
On 12 July 2020 the opposition Social Democratic Party of Montenegro (SDP) announced that it would run independently,[23] as did the Social Democrats of Montenegro (SD), junior party in the previous government coalition, a few days earlier.[24]
On 28 July 2020 the Albanian List, an minority politics coalition was formed by New Democratic Force (Forca), the Albanian Alternative (AA), Albanian Coalition Perspective (AKP) and the Democratic League of Albanians (DSA),[25] A few weeks earlier, Democratic Union of Albanians (DUA) agreed to join the DP and DSCG's Albanian Coalition "Unanimously".[26]
Priror August 2020 the centre-right minority politics Bosniak Party (BS) announced that it would run independently, as did the centre-right Croatian Civic Initiative (HGI) and the newly formed centrist Croatian Reform Party (HRS).[27]
On 1 August 2020 the ruling Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS) decided to run independently, with Andrija Popović as Liberal Party (LP) representative on their electoral list, with incumbent PM Duško Marković as a ballot carrier.[28]
Electoral lists
| # | Electoral list name | Ballot carrier | Political position | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Social Democrats – Ivan Brajović - We decide, consistently | Ivan Brajović | Centre to centre-left | |
| 2 | Bosniak Party – Correctly – Rafet Husović | Ervin Ibrahimović | Centre-right to right | M |
| 3 | HGI – With all heart for Montenegro! | Adrian Vuksanović | Centre-right | M |
| 4 | Social Democratic Party – Strong Montenegro! | Draginja Vuksanović | Centre-left | |
| 5 | Croatian Reform Party of Montenegro – HRS | Radovan Marić | Centre to centre-right | M |
| 6 | Dritan Abazović – In Black and White – Srđan Pavićević | Dritan Abazović | Centre-left | |
| 7 | Albanian Coalition – Unanimously – DP, DUA, DSCG | Fatmir Gjeka | Centre-right to right | M |
| 8 | Decisively for Montenegro! DPS – Milo Đukanović | Duško Marković | Big tent/Populist | |
| 9 | For the Future of Montenegro – DF, SNP, Popular Movement | Zdravko Krivokapić | Centre-right to right | |
| 10 | Albanian List – Genci Nimanbegu, Nik Đeljošaj | Nik Gjeloshaj | Centre-right to right | M |
| 11 | Aleksa Bečić – Miodrag Lekić – Peace is Our Nation | Aleksa Bečić | Big tent/Centrist | |
| • Source: National Electoral Commission (official website). • Note: "M" denotes the national minority electoral list. | ||||
Opinion polls
Poll results are listed in the table below in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first, and using the date poll was published. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed in bold, and the background shaded in the leading party's colour. In the instance that there is a tie, then no figure is shaded. The lead column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the two parties with the highest figures. The threshold for a party to provide their deputies in parliament is 3%, except for minority parties and coalitions (E.g. BS, Forca and AA), for which that threshold does not apply.
- [a] denotes the poll was commissioned by an election participating political party.
- [b] denotes the poll was commissioned by an embassy or a foreign institute.
| Date | Polling Firm/Source | DPS | DF | PCG | SNP | UCG | URA | Demos | DCG | SDP | SD | BS | Forca | AA | Others | Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 2020 | ICA | 35.1 | 25.9 | 7.5 | 15.5 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 5.4 | 4.4 | 0.5 | 9.2 | |||||
| Aug 2020 | CeDem | 35.3 | 24.7 | 6.6 | 16.5 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 10.6 | |||||
| July 2020 | NSPM | 35.9 | 17.2 | 3.8 | 4.5 | >1 | 6.1 | 3.5 | 17.5 | 3.4 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 18.4 | |
| July 2020 | HoW[a] | 41.2 | 15.8 | 6.1 | 2.4 | 16.4 | 3.9 | 5.9 | 4.1 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 24.8 | ||||
| June 2020 | HoW[a] | 39.8 | 13.8 | 2.1 | 5.1 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 13.2 | 3.8 | 6.2 | 4.2 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 26.0 | |
| May 2020 | HoW[a] | 41.2 | 12.9 | 1.4 | 5.5 | 0.6 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 12.1 | 4.4 | 6.5 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 2.2 | 28.3 | |
| Apr 2020 | HoW[a] | 40.5 | 12.5 | 1.8 | 5.2 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 13.5 | 4.1 | 6.1 | 4.2 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 26 | |
| Feb 2020 | ICA | 32.8 | 23.1 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 0.7 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 11.8 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 6.4 | 9.7 | |
| Dec 2019 | CeDem | 37 | 13.2 | 2.2 | 5.8 | 1.2 | 3.7 | 2.6 | 15 | 4.1 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 1 | 1.6 | 2.9 | 22 |
| Oct 2019 | NSPM[b] | 35.5 | 20.8 | 1.9 | 6.3 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 15.1 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 14.7 | ||
| Sep 2019 | Damar[a] | 38 | 15.3 | 4.3 | 4 | 0.7 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 14.8 | 2.8 | 4.3 | 4 | 2.6 | 4.0 | 22.7 | |
| Aug 2019 | Ipsos | 41 | 13 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 2.5 | 17 | 2 | 4 | 2 | >1 | 2 | 3.5 | 24 | |
| July 2019 | CeDem | 34 | 15.6 | 2.3 | 6.6 | 4.9 | 3.7 | 14.6 | 3.1 | 5.3 | 4.3 | >1 | 2.6 | 3 | 18.4 | |
| Dec 2018 | CeDem | 41.5 | 10.1 | 1.1 | 6.8 | >1 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 20.7 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.2 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 20.8 |
| Dec 2018 | NSPM[b] | 42.7 | 18.4 | 1.3 | 4.4 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 14.1 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 3.1 | >1 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 24.3 |
| Mar 2018 | CeDem | 43 | 12.6 | 1.1 | 5.1 | >1 | 3.7 | 2.4 | 21.2 | 4 | 1.2 | 2 | 2.4 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 21.8 |
| Dec 2017 | CeDem | 39.9 | 13 | — | 4.5 | 0.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 21.3 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 1 | 3.2 | 18.6 |
| Oct 2017 | Ipsos[b] | 40 | 15 | — | 5 | — | 3 | 3 | 23 | 3 | 3 | 3 | >1 | 1 | 2 | 17 |
| Oct 2017 | DeFacto[a] | 38 | 12.2 | — | 4.1 | — | 1.5 | 4.3 | 26.1 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2 | >1 | 6.6 | 11.9 |
| July 2017 | CeDem | 39 | 11.6 | — | 4.9 | — | 4 | 5.9 | 19.9 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 3.7 | 19.1 |
| Dec 2016 | CeDem | 36.8 | 21 | — | 7.8 | — | 1.6 | 6.3 | 12.2 | 4.1 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 3.7 | 15.8 |
| Oct 2016 | Election results | 41.4 | 20.3 | 11.1 | 10.1 | 5.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 4.2 | 21.1 | |||||
The following graph depicts the evolution of standings of the main electoral lists in the poll average since last parliamentary elections in October 2016. Graph of opinion polls conducted, trend lines represent local regressions.
Results
The result was a victory for the lists of parties which were in opposition in the previous parliament: For the Future of Montenegro, Peace is Our Nation, United Reform Action and the Social Democratic Party. Opposition lists won 43 of the 81 seats in the Parliament of Montenegro, while the ruling DPS, together with the Liberal Party, won 30 seats, going into opposition after thirty years in power. Three opposition lists, For the Future of Montenegro, Peace is Our Nation, and the United Reform Action party, which won a combined majority of 41 MPs, announced the formation of a coalition government.[29]
Opposition success at the national level was accompanied by its success at local level elections. It won four out of five municipalities where elections were held, including Budva, Kotor, Tivat and Andrijevica.[30]
 |
|||||
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro/meta/color"| | Democratic Party of Socialists | 143,548 | 35.06 | 30 | –6 |
| For the Future of Montenegro | 133,267 | 32.55 | 27 | +6 | |
| Peace is Our Nation | 51,297 | 12.54 | 10 | –2 | |
| United Reform Action | 22,649 | 5.53 | 4 | +2 | |
| Social Democrats | 16,769 | 4.10 | 3 | +1 | |
| Bosniak PartyM | 16,286 | 3.98 | 3 | +1 | |
| Social Democratic Party | 12,839 | 3.14 | 2 | –2 | |
| Albanian ListM | 6,488 | 1.58 | 1 | 0 | |
| Albanian CoalitionM | 4,675 | 1.14 | 1 | +1 | |
| Croatian Civic InitiativeM | 1,115 | 0.27 | 0 | –1 | |
| Croatian Reform PartyM | 532 | 0.13 | 0 | New | |
| Invalid/blank votes | 4,503 | 2.09 | – | – | |
| Total | 413,954 | 100 | 81 | 0 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | 541,232 | 76.65 | – | – | |
| M denotes the national minority lists, for which the 3% threshold does not apply. | |||||
Vote share
Seat totals
Aftermath
Reactions
 |
 |
|
| Zdravko Krivokapić | Aleksa Bečić | Dritan Abazović |
The OSCE and ODIHR announced in preliminary findings and conclusions that elections were competitive and held in an atmosphere of high polarization over issues of church and national identity.[33][34] They also stated that the election date was not held in accordance with the Constitution, there was no independent campaign coverage, and the ruling party profited unjustifiably through widespread abuse of office and state resources.[33][34][35] Furthermore, they pointed out that, contrary to the national legislation and international standards, several MPs were arrested or prosecuted between elections.[33][35]
Political scientist Florian Bieber described results as the "good news for democracy".[34] Josep Borrell, High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, and Olivér Várhelyi, European Commissioner for Neighbourhood and Enlargement, stated that they "look forward to the constitution of a new parliament and the formation of a new government that will continue Montenegro's steady path towards the EU."[36] Chair of Women wing of the European People's Party (EPP), Doris Pack supported the new parliamentary majority in Montenegro, criticizing the outgoing DPS regime for "socialist propaganda" tactics, she appealed the Western public and media to not fall in the trap of obvious propaganda, emphasizing that the EU path will undoubtedly remain the principal objective of the new government, after the regime change.[37][38][39]
Next day after the election, the leaders of two opposition electoral lists, For the Future of Montenegro and Peace is Our Nation, as well as the United Reform Action party, that combined won a slim majority, agreed to form an expert government, to continue to work on the European Union accession process, fight against corruption, overcoming society polarization and economic crisis, and to work on changing the disputed Law on Religious Communities.[34][29] They also welcomed the minority parties of Bosniaks and Albanians in Montenegro and wished to form a government with them.[29][40]
On 1 September, Milo Đukanović conceded defeat, accusing Aleksandar Vučić and Serbian media of interfering in the internal politics of another country and trying to revive a "Greater Serbia policy".[41] He stated that it is possible that his party lost its support due to dissatisfaction with some policy, but also due to manipulations from Belgrade and the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro, due to the disputed Law on Religious Communities.[41]
Incidents
Massive celebrations were held all over Montenegro the day after the elections. In Podgorica, opposition supporters clashed with the ruling DPS supporters.[42][43] Zdravko Krivokapić, Aleksa Bečić and Dritan Abazović, the leaders of the opposition lists, called on supporters to stay at home, as well as authorities to investigate incidents and prosecute any attackers.[40][44] Although their incumbent cabinet had previously banned all public gatherings due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro, the ruling Democratic Party of Socialists of President Milo Đukanović announced a counter-meeting, due to the alleged "threat for Montenegrin statehood and independence", in case the DPS falls from a position of power.[45] Representatives of the new parliamentary majority, including Aleksa Bečić, Zdravko Krivokapić, Dritan Abazović, Vladimir Joković, Miodrag Lekić and Vladimir Pavićević strongly condemned violence and conflict, accusing the DPS-led government, the Police Administration and the National Security Agency of Montenegro administration of staging conflict and inciting ethnic hatred and unrest, in order to prevent a peaceful change of decades-long regime in Montenegro.[46] Krivokapić also demanded that the delinquents and perpetrators of the unrest must been identified and prosecuted by the police and the prosecution, as soon as possible.[47]
On 2 September, glass was broken on the door of the Islamic Community of Pljevlja and a message was left saying "The black bird has taken off, Pljevlja will be Srebrenica." The informal group "Bunt Crna Gora" announced that, if the police do not immediately shed light on the case, "Serbs from Pljevlja will organize people's patrols in order to protect their neighbors from DPS subversion."[48] Albin Ćeman, the deputy leader of the opposition Democrats and member of Islamic community, called for calming tensions and accused the ruling party of instructed provocation.[49] The For the Future of Montenegro coalition condemned the incidents and also expressed suspicion that it was done by the outgoing DPS-led regime.[50][51] Imam of Pljevlja Samir Kadribašić stated that the attacks on the property of the Islamic community were an isolated incident of hooligans and that the new parliamentary majority parties do not represent those values.[52] Krivokapić protested with the Serbian Orthodox Church priests in front of the Husein-paša's Mosque, with the message that they are ready to defend the places of worship of all religious communities in Montenegro.[53][54]
References
- ^ Novi izbori kao uslov opozicije za povratak u Parlament, Radio Slobodna Evropa, 30 November 2016
- ^ Ponoviti izbore najkasnije do 2018., Mondo.me, 7 February 2017
- ^ Potpredsjednik Pažin insistirao u Beogradu da Svetozar Marović bude izručen Crnoj Gori, Vlada Crne Gore
- ^ Marović: Đukanović bi da je Crna Gora država samo onih koji glasaju DPS, trenutak je za promjene, Vijesti (August 2020)
- ^ Balkan Insight (6 August 2020). "Opposition Faces Uphill Battle in Looming Montenegro Election".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Perović: Ne izlazite na izbore, najavite opšti bojkot, Dan online, 20 May 2020
- ^ DEMOKRATE NAPUSTILE ODBOR: Povući iz procedure zakon koji izaziva međunacionalnu mržnju, volimpodgoricu.me/Vijesti, 19 December 2020
- ^ Reuters (26 December 2019). "Serbs Protest in Montenegro Ahead of Vote on Religious Law". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
{{cite news}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ "Montenegro's Attack on Church Property Will Create Lawless Society". Balkan Insight. 14 June 2019.
- ^ Kako se Crna Gora našla u "hibridnim režimima", Vijesti/Radio Free Europe
- ^ Crna Gora država pokradenih izbora, Dan Online
- ^ Freedom in the World—Montenegro Country Report, Freedom House (2020)
- ^ c.f. Art. 94 [1]
- ^ Electoral system, Inter-parliamentary Union
- ^ Potpisan sporazum "Da svako ima", Vijesti, 1 May 2019
- ^ New political alliance to be set up soon Cafe del Montenegro, 30 April 2019
- ^ DF, SNP, Narodni pokret i Prava zajedno na izborima, Vijesti, 31 July 2020
- ^ SNP u Narodnom pokretu, Milačić na listi DF-a, CDM, 24 July 2020
- ^ Šta piše i ko je potpisao platformu "Crno na bijelo": Smjena vlasti će izroditi drugačiju Crnu Goru, Vijesti
- ^ SPP Hazbije Kalača podžala Platformu Crno na bijelo, Vijesti, 2 August 2020
- ^ Nova ponuda: Lekić, Rudović, Pavićević i Mijović na izbornoj listi Demokrata, Dnevne novine, 12 July 2020
- ^ U Crnoj Gori formiran "Građanski blok", RTS, 12 July 2020
- ^ "SDP neće u neprincipijelne koalicije", RTCG, 12 July 2020
- ^ ODLUKA PREDSJEDNIŠTVA: SD samostalno na parlamentarne izbore, RTCG, 7 July 2020
- ^ Forca, AA i DSA zajedno na izborima, Dan, 28 July 2020
- ^ Albanci u dvije kolone, Dan Online, 27 July 2020
- ^ Bošnjačka stranka predala listu za predstojeće izbore, Analitika, 3 August 2020
- ^ Marković nosilac izborne liste DPS, Vijesti, 1 August 2020
- ^ a b c "Montenegrin opposition agrees on expert government, revision of disputed laws". N1. 31 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
- ^ "Montenegro Opposition Calls for Reconciliation After Claiming Election Win". 31 August 2020.
- ^ "Konačni rezultati DIK-a: DPS 35.06, "Za budućnost Crne Gore" 32.55 odsto glasova". vijesti.me (in Serbian). Retrieved 31 August 2020.
- ^ "Parlamentarni izbori 2020". National Electoral Commission (in me). Retrieved 31 August 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ a b c "Montenegro, Parliamentary Elections, 30 August 2020: STATEMENT OF PRELIMINARY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS" (PDF). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 31 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
- ^ a b c d "Montenegro pro-West party risks ouster after three decades". France 24. 31 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
- ^ a b "OSCE: Ruling party benefited from an uneven playing field in Montenegro". European Western Balkans. 31 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
- ^ "Statement by High Representative/Vice-President Josep Borrell and Commissioner Olivér Várhelyi on the elections in Montenegro". European Commission. 1 September 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ Pak: Evropski put će ostati glavni cilj nove vlade, Vijesti, 2 September 2020
- ^ Doris Pack on Twitter, 2 September 2020
- ^ Marović, Jovana (1 September 2020). "The end of an era in Montenegro?". BiEPAG. The Balkans in Europe Policy Advisory Group.
- ^ a b "Montenegro Opposition Pledges to Maintain Country's EU Path". Balkan Insight. 1 September 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ a b "Montenegro's President concedes defeat; says Belgrade rivaives Serb nationalism". N1. 1 September 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ "Proslava pobjede opozicije: Građani se okupili ispred hrama u Podgorici". vijesti.me (in Serbian). Retrieved 31 August 2020.
- ^ "Sukobi u Siti kvartu: Srpske zastave i tri prsta ulicama Podgorice". CdM. 31 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
- ^ "Abazovic: Nasiljem i provokacijama ugrožavate pobjedu, ostanite kuci ne trebaju nam tenzije". Vijesti. 1 September 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ DPS pozvao svoje pristalice na skup 6. septembra, Vijesti, 1 September 2020
- ^ Bečić: Nuhodžić, Veljović i Lazović da dostojanstveno predaju vlast, okupljanja pomažu mafiji, Vijesti, 1 September 2020
- ^ Krivokapić: Neredi nikom ne služe na čast, Crna Gora ne može biti pod Srbijom ili Rusijom, Pobijeda, 1 September 2020
- ^ "Polomljena stakla na vratima Islamske zajednice u PV, Kadribašić: Ako ne pronađu krivce policija odgovorna". vijesti.me (in Serbian). Retrieved 2 September 2020.
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- ^ "Pljevaljski imam: Djelo pojedinca ili manje grupe huligana". Al Jazeera Balkans. 2 September 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
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- ^ Krivokapić: Branićemo džamije, kao što smo branili naše manastire, Vijesti, 2 September 2020
