Esad Erbili: Difference between revisions
M.K.Alberto9 (talk | contribs) mNo edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
==Biography== |
==Biography== |
||
Esad Erbili was born in [[Arbil]] (present-day [[Iraqi Kurdistan]]) in 1847, where he |
Esad Erbili was born in [[Arbil]] (present-day [[Iraqi Kurdistan]]) in 1847, where he went on to study under Taha al-Hariri. After the death of Shaykh al-Hariri in 1875, he returned to Istanbul for a short time but was exiled to Arbil in 1900.<ref>Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, ''Dünden Bugüne İstanbul Ansiklopedisi'', Kültür Bakanlığı, 1994, {{ISBN|978-975-7306-06-1}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=dW9pAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Esad+Erbil%C3%AE,+faaliyetlerini+daha+farkl%C4%B1+bir+konumda+s%C3%BCrd%C3%BCrm%C3%BC%C5%9F%22&dq=%22Esad+Erbil%C3%AE,+faaliyetlerini+daha+farkl%C4%B1+bir+konumda+s%C3%BCrd%C3%BCrm%C3%BC%C5%9F%22&hl=en&ei=fzlXTvfiLbH3mAWVn4SODA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA p. 37.] {{in lang|tr}}</ref> He returned again in 1910 to establish a [[Dergah]] ([[Khanqah|Tekke]]) in [[Üsküdar]].<ref name="Altin">Yilmaz, H. Kamil:"Altin Silsile" ("Golden Chain"). Erkam Yayinlari (Istanbul). 1994.</ref> |
||
He is the 30th chain of the Golden [[Silsila]]. He is “Sayyid” both from mother and father. His father is the Shaikh of Khalidî Tekke (lodge) in Arbil, named Master M. Said. His grandfather Master Hidayetullah is the khalifa where Mevlana Halid el-Baghdadi built the tekke in Arbil. After completing his first education in Arbil and Deyr, while he was 23 (in 1287/1847), with a spiritual point, he became affiliated with Naqshi-Khalidi Shaikh Taha’l-Hariri. He completed his spiritual evolution in 5 years and got a caliphate. Then he went to [[Hejaz|Hijaz]] in 1292/1895.{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}} |
He is the 30th chain of the Golden [[Silsila]]. He is “Sayyid” both from mother and father. His father is the Shaikh of Khalidî Tekke (lodge) in Arbil, named Master M. Said. His grandfather Master Hidayetullah is the khalifa where Mevlana Halid el-Baghdadi built the tekke in Arbil. After completing his first education in Arbil and Deyr, while he was 23 (in 1287/1847), with a spiritual point, he became affiliated with Naqshi-Khalidi Shaikh Taha’l-Hariri. He completed his spiritual evolution in 5 years and got a caliphate. Then he went to [[Hejaz|Hijaz]] in 1292/1895.{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}} |
||
Revision as of 11:12, 11 October 2020
 | This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. (September 2020) |
| Part of a series on Islam Sufism |
|---|
 |
 Islam portal |
Esad Erbili or Mehmed Esad Efendi (1847 – 3/4 March 1931) was a shaykh of the Naqshi-Khalidi sufi order. He brought a branch of the Naqshbandiyyah with him to Istanbul at the beginning of World War I.
Biography
Esad Erbili was born in Arbil (present-day Iraqi Kurdistan) in 1847, where he went on to study under Taha al-Hariri. After the death of Shaykh al-Hariri in 1875, he returned to Istanbul for a short time but was exiled to Arbil in 1900.[1] He returned again in 1910 to establish a Dergah (Tekke) in Üsküdar.[2]
He is the 30th chain of the Golden Silsila. He is “Sayyid” both from mother and father. His father is the Shaikh of Khalidî Tekke (lodge) in Arbil, named Master M. Said. His grandfather Master Hidayetullah is the khalifa where Mevlana Halid el-Baghdadi built the tekke in Arbil. After completing his first education in Arbil and Deyr, while he was 23 (in 1287/1847), with a spiritual point, he became affiliated with Naqshi-Khalidi Shaikh Taha’l-Hariri. He completed his spiritual evolution in 5 years and got a caliphate. Then he went to Hijaz in 1292/1895.[citation needed]
Arriving in Istanbul
Returning from Hajj, and having lost his Fhaikh, he came to Istanbul. He stayed[3] at “Besiraga Dargah” as a guest in Salkimsogut. After lovers and visitors for him increased, he left there and settled in the muezzin room of a mosque in Bayezid-Parmakkapi. He taught the "Khafiz Divan" and “Luccet-ul Asrar” of Mawlana Jamii in Fatih Mosque. Many people of knowledge and wisdom continued these lessons. Hodja Master Yekta and some other scholars recognized him in these lessons and became affiliated with him.[citation needed]
In a short time, his reputation encircled Istanbul and the son-in-law of the Sultan, Darwish Pashazade Khalid Pasha invited him to the Palace and learned Arabic and religious sciences from him. M. Esad Erbili was appointed to the rank of Majles-I Mashayih by Sultan Abdul Hamid II. He went to Majles during the meetings, to the Fatih Mosque for lessons, and sometimes went to the Palace.
In the meantime, he moved his house to one of the rooms which are over the gates of Bayezid Mosque. Moreover, he appealed for a “tekke”. At that time, “Kadirî Dargah” was free. Because this place is of a Kadirî Dargah, the Sheikh should have a Kadirî diploma (permit). Master M. Esad was appointed to this dargah after having a diploma from one of the grandchildren of Abd el-Kader Gîlānî, named Abdulhameed er-Refqanî. There he first made Kadirî ritual and afterwards, he made “Hatm-I Hacegan”[citation needed]
Assembly of Shaykhs
In 1914, Esad Erbili was appointed the chairman of the Assembly of Shaykhs[4] (The Council of Islamic Teachers, or Meclis-i Meşâyıh) in Istanbul. He served in this role until the council was closed in 1915.[2]
Menemen Incident
As part of the Atatürk's Reforms, the tekke in Istanbul was closed. Erbili was captured along with his son Mehmed Efendi because they were thought to be involved in the 1930 Menemen Incident. Esad Efendi was initially sentenced to death, later his penalty was reduced to life in jail because of his age[5][6] and he was poisoned and died shortly afterwards in a Military Hospital in Izmir.[2] The following couplet of him is considered an oracle which he perceived that he will be martyred :
"How possible is it to ablution the martyr with that much fire who was martyred by burning with love? The body is fired, the shroud is fired, and also the water that is pouring out is fired".[citation needed]
Writings
- Kenzul-Irfan-Translation and Commentary of 100,000 Hadith
- Maktubat (Mektubat) [7] - a collection of letters to his students
- Divan - Turkish and Persian Poetry
- Risale-i Es'adiyye - Autobiography
- Tevhid Risalesi Tercümesi - A Commentary of Ibn Arabi's Kitab al-Tawhid.
- Fatiha-i Şerife Tercümesi - A tafsir (commentary) of the first chapter of the Qur'an
Notes
- ^ Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, Dünden Bugüne İstanbul Ansiklopedisi, Kültür Bakanlığı, 1994, ISBN 978-975-7306-06-1, p. 37. (in Turkish)
- ^ a b c Yilmaz, H. Kamil:"Altin Silsile" ("Golden Chain"). Erkam Yayinlari (Istanbul). 1994.
- ^ "DARGĀH". Encyclopédie de l’Islam. Retrieved 2020-09-28.
- ^ Brian Silverstain, "Sufism and Modernity in Turkey: From the Authenticity of Experience to the Practice of Discipline," in M. van Bruinessen and J. Day Howell, eds. Sufism and the Modern in Islam, I.B. Tauris, 2007, ISBN 978-1-85043-854-0, p. 39.
- ^ Mustafa Armağan, "Menemen olayında 10 büyük şüphe" Archived 2011-08-21 at the Wayback Machine, official personal webcite of Mustafa Armağan. (in Turkish)
- ^ Touraj Atabaki, The State and the Subaltern: Modernization, Society and the State in Turkey and Iran, I.B.Tauris, 2007, ISBN 978-1-84511-339-1, p. 131.
- ^ Muhammad Esat Erbili: "Mektubat" ("Letters"). Erkam Yayinlari (Istanbul)
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
