V-Dem Institute
Map of V-Dem's 2020 Index of Egalitarian Democracy v11.1 [1]
Red indicates more authoritarian, blue indicates more democratic.
![]() | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
The V-Dem Institute (Varieties of Democracy) is an independent research institute founded by Professor Staffan I. Lindberg in 2014 and is funded by a number of government organizations, World Bank and several research institutions[2].The headquarters of the project is based at the department of political science, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.[3]
Varieties of Democracy is a new approach to conceptualizing and measuring democracy around the world.[4][5] The V-Dem project distinguishes among five high-level principles of democracy: electoral, liberal, participatory, deliberative, and egalitarian, and collects data to measure these principles.[6]
The dataset is updated, expanded, and released every year.[7] Based on the current data, V-Dem publishes an annual Democracy Report that describes the state of democracy in the world.[8] The Democracy Report, the dataset, scientific articles, and working papers are free to download on the institute’s website that also features interactive graphic tools.
The V-Dem Institute's measures of democracy are the most elaborate and granular among several democracy indexes (such as the Polity data series and Freedom House's Freedom in the World).[9] By 2020, the V-Dem index had "more than 470 indicators, 82 mid-level indices, and 5 high-level indices covering 202 polities from the period of 1789–2019."[9] Each indicator is coded independently by at least five country experts.[9] V-Dem uses methodological tools to deal with rating reliability and confidence intervals in the expert ratings.[9] Political scientist Daniel Hegedus describes V-Dem as "as the most important provider of quantitative democracy data for scholarly research."[9]
Democracy Indices
V-Dem has 5 high level indices which correspond to each of the five high level principles of democracy it identifies.[6]
- The Electoral Democracy Index: This index measures the principle of electoral or representative democracy, including whether elections were free and fair, as well as the prevalence of a free and independent media. This index is a part of all the other indices as a central component of democracy.[10]
- Liberal Democracy Index: This index incorporates measures of rule of law, checks and balances, and civil liberties along with the concepts measured in the electoral democracy index.[10]
- Participatory Democracy Index: This index measures the degree to which citizens participate in their own government through local democratic institutions, civil society organizations, direct democracy, and the concepts measured in the electoral democracy index.[10]
- Deliberative Democracy Index: This index measures the degree to which decisions are made in the best interest of the people as opposed to due to coercion or narrow interest groups, in addition to the basic electoral democracy index.[10]
- Egalitarian Democracy Index: This index measures the level of equal access to resources, power, and freedoms across various groups within a society, in addition to the level of electoral democracy.[10]
Rankings
The table below shows how countries score on the 11th edition of V-Dem's Democracy indices in 2020.[11]
Country | Electoral Democracy | Liberal Democracy | Participatory Democracy | Deliberative Democracy | Egalitarian Democracy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
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0.91 | 0.878 | 0.696 | 0.869 | 0.87 |
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0.905 | 0.873 | 0.649 | 0.842 | 0.815 |
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0.899 | 0.849 | 0.658 | 0.853 | 0.81 |
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0.899 | 0.855 | 0.647 | 0.871 | 0.856 |
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0.894 | 0.846 | 0.698 | 0.776 | 0.798 |
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0.892 | 0.847 | 0.787 | 0.855 | 0.825 |
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0.89 | 0.832 | 0.625 | 0.7 | 0.796 |
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0.887 | 0.821 | 0.634 | 0.815 | 0.824 |
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0.886 | 0.8 | 0.635 | 0.787 | 0.811 |
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0.881 | 0.817 | 0.648 | 0.807 | 0.788 |
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0.879 | 0.833 | 0.637 | 0.844 | 0.809 |
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0.878 | 0.837 | 0.631 | 0.807 | 0.802 |
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0.877 | 0.796 | 0.61 | 0.8 | 0.766 |
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0.876 | 0.792 | 0.598 | 0.771 | 0.764 |
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0.872 | 0.797 | 0.643 | 0.755 | 0.746 |
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0.87 | 0.825 | 0.594 | 0.815 | 0.781 |
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0.869 | 0.736 | 0.619 | 0.769 | 0.764 |
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0.869 | 0.783 | 0.595 | 0.824 | 0.804 |
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0.865 | 0.795 | 0.697 | 0.754 | 0.74 |
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0.861 | 0.785 | 0.686 | 0.779 | 0.785 |
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0.859 | 0.792 | 0.594 | 0.787 | 0.751 |
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0.854 | 0.79 | 0.632 | 0.789 | 0.754 |
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0.843 | 0.744 | 0.611 | 0.768 | 0.715 |
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0.842 | 0.758 | 0.615 | 0.718 | 0.764 |
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0.836 | 0.787 | 0.605 | 0.75 | 0.716 |
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0.836 | 0.756 | 0.617 | 0.665 | 0.664 |
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0.831 | 0.67 | 0.547 | 0.685 | 0.656 |
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0.825 | 0.724 | 0.53 | 0.633 | 0.732 |
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0.822 | 0.731 | 0.535 | 0.734 | 0.741 |
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0.821 | 0.736 | 0.598 | 0.681 | 0.695 |
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0.821 | 0.76 | 0.627 | 0.695 | 0.71 |
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0.817 | 0.718 | 0.627 | 0.72 | 0.739 |
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0.815 | 0.728 | 0.581 | 0.585 | 0.63 |
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0.814 | 0.758 | 0.573 | 0.706 | 0.58 |
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0.808 | 0.698 | 0.55 | 0.664 | 0.632 |
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0.805 | 0.708 | 0.53 | 0.635 | 0.716 |
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0.803 | 0.691 | 0.585 | 0.579 | 0.509 |
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0.798 | 0.684 | 0.35 | 0.688 | 0.663 |
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0.786 | 0.597 | 0.469 | 0.635 | 0.634 |
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0.776 | 0.69 | 0.479 | 0.641 | 0.616 |
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0.772 | 0.612 | 0.56 | 0.62 | 0.676 |
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0.76 | 0.552 | 0.572 | 0.379 | 0.543 |
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0.755 | 0.643 | 0.484 | 0.685 | 0.609 |
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0.753 | 0.641 | 0.526 | 0.574 | 0.588 |
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0.749 | 0.558 | 0.467 | 0.578 | 0.507 |
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0.748 | 0.651 | 0.551 | 0.572 | 0.607 |
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0.747 | 0.583 | 0.404 | 0.618 | 0.559 |
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0.745 | 0.64 | 0.452 | 0.627 | 0.571 |
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0.737 | 0.595 | 0.453 | 0.6 | 0.537 |
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0.737 | 0.648 | 0.474 | 0.558 | 0.597 |
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0.727 | 0.644 | 0.476 | 0.67 | 0.571 |
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0.705 | 0.506 | 0.433 | 0.575 | 0.458 |
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0.701 | 0.577 | 0.43 | 0.6 | 0.477 |
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0.698 | 0.596 | 0.348 | 0.582 | 0.517 |
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0.695 | 0.587 | 0.438 | 0.526 | 0.505 |
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0.69 | 0.511 | 0.444 | 0.381 | 0.348 |
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0.66 | 0.464 | 0.392 | 0.459 | 0.421 |
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0.648 | 0.524 | 0.385 | 0.483 | 0.38 |
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0.648 | 0.485 | 0.39 | 0.419 | 0.392 |
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0.645 | 0.407 | 0.385 | 0.359 | 0.363 |
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0.643 | 0.506 | 0.421 | 0.523 | 0.521 |
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0.638 | 0.485 | 0.452 | 0.465 | 0.426 |
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0.634 | 0.503 | 0.351 | 0.517 | 0.465 |
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0.633 | 0.428 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.437 |
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0.632 | 0.487 | 0.418 | 0.375 | 0.538 |
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0.631 | 0.497 | 0.396 | 0.503 | 0.489 |
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0.628 | 0.477 | 0.346 | 0.418 | 0.401 |
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0.625 | 0.504 | 0.395 | 0.552 | 0.49 |
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0.623 | 0.467 | 0.402 | 0.377 | 0.433 |
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0.611 | 0.43 | 0.346 | 0.416 | 0.432 |
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0.609 | 0.447 | 0.402 | 0.378 | 0.262 |
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0.608 | 0.448 | 0.396 | 0.546 | 0.328 |
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0.606 | 0.379 | 0.346 | 0.34 | 0.423 |
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0.603 | 0.481 | 0.365 | 0.515 | 0.455 |
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0.603 | 0.491 | 0.449 | 0.481 | 0.44 |
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0.594 | 0.344 | 0.387 | 0.469 | 0.288 |
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0.586 | 0.383 | 0.34 | 0.355 | 0.254 |
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0.583 | 0.439 | 0.333 | 0.426 | 0.381 |
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0.581 | 0.426 | 0.361 | 0.358 | 0.255 |
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0.58 | 0.405 | 0.363 | 0.323 | 0.251 |
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0.574 | 0.435 | 0.39 | 0.535 | 0.391 |
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0.574 | 0.471 | 0.248 | 0.454 | 0.456 |
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0.573 | 0.446 | 0.376 | 0.367 | 0.346 |
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0.556 | 0.404 | 0.34 | 0.383 | 0.405 |
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0.545 | 0.34 | 0.337 | 0.336 | 0.376 |
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0.544 | 0.348 | 0.35 | 0.435 | 0.389 |
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0.537 | 0.359 | 0.347 | 0.364 | 0.299 |
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0.537 | 0.458 | 0.334 | 0.458 | 0.455 |
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0.536 | 0.347 | 0.232 | 0.247 | 0.284 |
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0.528 | 0.449 | 0.346 | 0.421 | 0.312 |
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0.521 | 0.389 | 0.292 | 0.485 | 0.353 |
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0.511 | 0.312 | 0.359 | 0.401 | 0.331 |
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0.504 | 0.419 | 0.305 | 0.374 | 0.372 |
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0.501 | 0.403 | 0.316 | 0.221 | 0.372 |
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0.487 | 0.269 | 0.283 | 0.281 | 0.216 |
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0.467 | 0.368 | 0.32 | 0.253 | 0.338 |
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0.465 | 0.317 | 0.286 | 0.392 | 0.303 |
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0.461 | 0.367 | 0.303 | 0.399 | 0.297 |
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0.458 | 0.286 | 0.265 | 0.342 | 0.252 |
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0.454 | 0.347 | 0.298 | 0.339 | 0.343 |
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0.45 | 0.34 | 0.278 | 0.267 | 0.259 |
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0.439 | 0.295 | 0.257 | 0.293 | 0.359 |
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0.435 | 0.271 | 0.271 | 0.349 | 0.254 |
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0.433 | 0.28 | 0.292 | 0.373 | 0.205 |
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0.422 | 0.336 | 0.254 | 0.262 | 0.204 |
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0.418 | 0.2 | 0.259 | 0.337 | 0.346 |
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0.418 | 0.279 | 0.197 | 0.308 | 0.32 |
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0.409 | 0.327 | 0.233 | 0.337 | 0.33 |
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0.401 | 0.185 | 0.277 | 0.321 | 0.175 |
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0.4 | 0.248 | 0.25 | 0.225 | 0.171 |
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0.4 | 0.284 | 0.247 | 0.301 | 0.31 |
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0.399 | 0.291 | 0.235 | 0.241 | 0.288 |
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0.393 | 0.235 | 0.222 | 0.265 | 0.12 |
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0.389 | 0.307 | 0.104 | 0.34 | 0.337 |
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0.38 | 0.207 | 0.263 | 0.29 | 0.3 |
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0.379 | 0.214 | 0.159 | 0.232 | 0.191 |
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0.372 | 0.254 | 0.231 | 0.258 | 0.24 |
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0.37 | 0.23 | 0.242 | 0.257 | 0.149 |
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0.368 | 0.25 | 0.242 | 0.346 | 0.127 |
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0.366 | 0.192 | 0.151 | 0.289 | 0.142 |
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0.365 | 0.22 | 0.235 | 0.255 | 0.179 |
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0.36 | 0.173 | 0.254 | 0.278 | 0.275 |
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0.359 | 0.157 | 0.217 | 0.293 | 0.187 |
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0.346 | 0.212 | 0.104 | 0.19 | 0.147 |
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0.342 | 0.239 | 0.234 | 0.258 | 0.295 |
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0.339 | 0.27 | 0.205 | 0.27 | 0.181 |
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0.335 | 0.163 | 0.165 | 0.289 | 0.233 |
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0.332 | 0.137 | 0.193 | 0.143 | 0.182 |
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0.324 | 0.23 | 0.266 | 0.245 | 0.228 |
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0.317 | 0.288 | 0.1 | 0.275 | 0.246 |
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0.31 | 0.23 | 0.204 | 0.24 | 0.165 |
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0.306 | 0.253 | 0.114 | 0.171 | 0.288 |
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0.297 | 0.124 | 0.114 | 0.157 | 0.22 |
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0.288 | 0.192 | 0.193 | 0.204 | 0.173 |
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0.286 | 0.111 | 0.164 | 0.081 | 0.182 |
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0.284 | 0.257 | 0.181 | 0.274 | 0.209 |
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0.277 | 0.147 | 0.111 | 0.185 | 0.251 |
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0.273 | 0.097 | 0.141 | 0.109 | 0.097 |
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0.272 | 0.153 | 0.132 | 0.241 | 0.193 |
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0.268 | 0.242 | 0.126 | 0.224 | 0.241 |
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0.268 | 0.093 | 0.161 | 0.132 | 0.107 |
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0.261 | 0.104 | 0.186 | 0.137 | 0.213 |
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0.256 | 0.125 | 0.142 | 0.135 | 0.176 |
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0.256 | 0.164 | 0.186 | 0.224 | 0.21 |
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0.253 | 0.185 | 0.139 | 0.241 | 0.22 |
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0.251 | 0.062 | 0.145 | 0.039 | 0.17 |
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0.248 | 0.119 | 0.195 | 0.207 | 0.138 |
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0.24 | 0.129 | 0.077 | 0.126 | 0.201 |
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0.236 | 0.076 | 0.096 | 0.086 | 0.264 |
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0.227 | 0.105 | 0.073 | 0.194 | 0.172 |
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0.218 | 0.107 | 0.182 | 0.146 | 0.229 |
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0.212 | 0.107 | 0.14 | 0.177 | 0.196 |
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0.209 | 0.073 | 0.153 | 0.041 | 0.144 |
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0.201 | 0.066 | 0.067 | 0.042 | 0.126 |
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0.196 | 0.066 | 0.137 | 0.068 | 0.097 |
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0.194 | 0.175 | 0.108 | 0.061 | 0.165 |
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0.191 | 0.07 | 0.085 | 0.054 | 0.042 |
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0.191 | 0.142 | 0.057 | 0.128 | 0.178 |
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0.188 | 0.086 | 0.107 | 0.18 | 0.081 |
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0.184 | 0.085 | 0.118 | 0.109 | 0.246 |
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0.181 | 0.122 | 0.084 | 0.109 | 0.109 |
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0.179 | 0.056 | 0.053 | 0.049 | 0.113 |
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0.177 | 0.047 | 0.066 | 0.063 | 0.077 |
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0.176 | 0.139 | 0.122 | 0.059 | 0.188 |
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0.169 | 0.053 | 0.152 | 0.057 | 0.118 |
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0.159 | 0.097 | 0.086 | 0.104 | 0.087 |
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0.152 | 0.042 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.106 |
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0.141 | 0.091 | 0.123 | 0.067 | 0.155 |
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0.139 | 0.037 | 0.056 | 0.024 | 0.073 |
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0.135 | 0.12 | 0.082 | 0.068 | 0.084 |
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0.121 | 0.09 | 0.109 | 0.061 | 0.124 |
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0.118 | 0.048 | 0.036 | 0.041 | 0.109 |
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0.111 | 0.037 | 0.065 | 0.034 | 0.028 |
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0.1 | 0.091 | 0.04 | 0.087 | 0.14 |
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0.09 | 0.015 | 0.044 | 0.013 | 0.089 |
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0.08 | 0.095 | 0.026 | 0.099 | 0.124 |
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0.075 | 0.043 | 0.053 | 0.111 | 0.088 |
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0.07 | 0.012 | 0.01 | 0.031 | 0.118 |
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0.016 | 0.047 | 0.02 | 0.072 | 0.118 |
The Digital Society Project
The Digital Society Project is a subset of indicators on V-Dem's survey which asks questions about the political status of social media and the internet.[10] Specifically, the Digital Societies Project measures a range of questions related to internet censorship, misinformation online, and internet shutdowns.[12] This annual report includes 35 indicators assessing five areas: disinformation, digital media freedom, state regulation of digital media, polarization of online media, and online social cleavages.[13][14] It has been updated each year starting in 2019, with data covering from 2000-2021.[15] Similar to other expert analyses like Freedom House, these data are more prone to false positives when compared with remotely sensed data, such as that from Access Now or the OpenNet Initiative.[16]
References
- ^ Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, Nazifa Alizada, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, Agnes Cornell, M. Steven Fish, Lisa Gastaldi, Haakon Gjerløw, Adam Glynn, Allen Hicken, Garry Hindle, Nina Ilchenko, Joshua Krusell, Anna Lührmann, Seraphine F. Maerz, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Juraj Medzihorsky, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Josefine Pernes, Johannes von Römer, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jeffrey Staton, Aksel Sundström, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, Steven Wilson and Daniel Ziblatt. 2021. "V-Dem [Country–Year/Country–Date] Dataset v11.1" Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemds21.
- ^ List of all funders of the V-Dem Institute and which type of activities they have been funding.
- ^ "Varieties of democracy (V-dem) - Varieties of democracy (V-dem), University of Gothenburg, Sweden".
- ^ "New democracy dataset to 'revolutionize' democracy research".
- ^ Tucker, Joshua. "Open data and (15 million!) new measures of democracy". Washington Post.
- ^ a b Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, Kyle L. Marquardt, Juraj Medzihorsky, Daniel Pemstein, Nazifa Alizada, Lisa Gastaldi, Garry Hindle, Johannes von Römer, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, and Steven Wilson. 2020. “V-Dem Methodology v10”. Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project.
- ^ "New index rates countries by degree of freedom for scholars".
- ^ "V-Dem: Autocratization continues but resistance grows". 25 March 2020.
- ^ a b c d e Hegedüs, Daniel (2020). "Varieties of Democracy: Measuring Two Centuries of Political Change. By Michael Coppedge, John Gerring, Adam Glynn, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Daniel Pemstein, Brigitte Seim, Svend-Erik Skaaning, and Jan Teorell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. 226p. $99.99 cloth". Perspectives on Politics. 18 (4): 1258–1260. doi:10.1017/S1537592720003059. ISSN 1537-5927.
- ^ a b c d e f Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg,Jan Teorell, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, Agnes Cornell, M. Steven Fish, Lisa Gastaldi,Haakon Gjerløw, Adam Glynn, Allen Hicken, Anna Lührmann, Seraphine F. Maerz, Kyle L.Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Johannes vonRömer, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jeffrey Staton, Aksel Sundtröm, EitanTzelgov, Luca Uberti, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, and Daniel Ziblatt. 2021. "V-Dem Codebook v11"Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project.[1]
- ^ Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, Nazifa Alizada, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, Agnes Cornell, M. Steven Fish, Lisa Gastaldi, Haakon Gjerløw, Adam Glynn, Allen Hicken, Garry Hindle, Nina Ilchenko, Joshua Krusell, Anna Lührmann, Seraphine F. Maerz, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Juraj Medzihorsky, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Josefine Pernes, Johannes von Römer, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jeffrey Staton, Aksel Sundström, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, Steven Wilson and Daniel Ziblatt. 2021. "V-Dem [Country–Year/Country–Date] Dataset v11.1" Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemds21.
- ^ Mechkova, V., Daniel P., Brigitte S.,&Steven W. (2020). Digital Society Project Dataset v2.Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project http://digitalsocietyproject.org/
- ^ Mechkova, Valeriya; Pemstein, Daniel; Seim, Brigitte; Wilson, Steven (2021). Digital Society Survey Codebook (PDF). Digital Society Project.
- ^ Fletcher, Terry; Hayes-Birchler, Andria (30 July 2020). "Comparing Measures of Internet Censorship: Analyzing the Tradeoffs between Expert Analysis and Remote Measurement".
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(help) - ^ Mechkova, Valeriya; Pemstein, Daniel; Seim, Brigitte; Wilson, Steven (2021). Digital Society Survey Codebook (PDF). Digital Society Project.
- ^ Fletcher, Terry; Hayes-Birchler, Andria (30 July 2020). "Comparing Measures of Internet Censorship: Analyzing the Tradeoffs between Expert Analysis and Remote Measurement".
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(help)
External links