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For the Indian artist, see Uttam Kumar (artist).
"Mahanayak" redirects here. For the historical novel by Vishvas Patil, see Mahanayak (novel). For the TV show, see Mahanayak (TV series). For the film, see Mahanayak (film).

Uttam Kumar
Kumar in Indrani (1958)
Born
Arun Kumar Chattopadhyay

(1926-09-03)3 September 1926
Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British India
Died24 July 1980(1980-07-24) (aged 53)
Bhowanipur, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
NationalityIndian
Other namesMahanayak
Alma materGoenka College of Commerce and Business Administration
Occupation(s)Actor, producer, director
Years active1948–1980
WorksFilmography
Spouses
Gauri Chatterjee
​
​
(m. 1948; div. 1963)​
Supriya Chaudhuri
​
(m. 1963)​
Children1
Relatives
AwardsFull list

Uttam Kumar (born Arun Kumar Chattopadhyay; 3 September 1926 – 24 July 1980), popularly known as the Mahanayak,[1] was an Indian actor, producer, director, script writer, composer, and singer who predominantly worked in Bengali cinema.[2][3][4] His popularity was mainly concentrated in West Bengal, India and the Bangladesh region.[5] Kumar was one of the most successful actors in Bengali cinema history.[6][7][8]

When the Government of India instituted National Film Awards, Kumar was the first actor to be honored with the National Award for Best Actor at the 15th National Film Awards in 1968 for his performances in Anthony Firingee and Chiriyakhana.[9]

Kumar's career spanned three decades, from the late 1940s until his death in 1980. He appeared in over 200 films including 15 Hindi films. Some of his best known films are Agni Pariksha, Harano Sur, Saptapadi, Nayak, Amanush, and many others.[10]

In 2012 on the anniversary of his death, the Government of West Bengal created the "Mahanayak Samman" award named after Kumar, for lifetime achievement in film. Chief Minister Mamta Banerjee gave this award.[11]

Early life

Arun Kumar Chattopadhyay was born on 3 September 1926 at a maternal home at Ahiritola in north Calcutta.[12] His father was Satkari Chattopadhyay and his mother was Chapla Devi.[13] He is from an ordinary lower-middle-class family. His father was an employee possibly a film operator of Metro cinema hall.[14] He had two brothers: Barun Kumar and Tarun Kumar. His younger brother Tarun Kumar is also an actor.[15]

Kumar was admitted to Chakraberia High School and later entered South Suburban School (Main) where he passed Matriculation. He was a cinema, theatre and Jatra lover since childhood. In 1935, while still in school, he founded a theatre group called Lunar Club with his friends. Kumar's first role was in Rabindranath Tagore's Mukut. At the age of ten, he won a trophy for his role in the play.[16] He joined Goenka College of Commerce and Business Administration for his higher studies, but was unable to complete this education because of the financial difficulties his family was facing. Then he joined Kolkata Port Trust as a clerk, where he got paid 75 rupees per month.[17]

Kumar played football, volleyball, and learned swimming, wrestling and singing. He learned singing and music from Nidanbandhu Banerjee.[18] He acted in his own theatre group Sruhid Samaj.[19] He also learned Lathi Khela from Sukumar Gupta and practice wrestling in Mallabi's Noni Ghosh's wrestling arena.[20] He also became a champion in swimming at Bhawanipur Swimming Association three years in a row.[21] He learnt acting to see theater actor Sisir Kumar Bhaduri. He also learnt the Hindi and Urdu languages from a Maulana during this time.[22]

Career

After working in theatre and Port Trust for a few years, Kumar entered the film industry in 1947, in the Hindi film Mayadore which was never released. His first released film under his birth name Arun Kumar Chatterjee was the 1948 film Drishtidan directed by Nitin Bose. Next year he appeared as the hero in the film Kamona in 1949, changing his name again to Uttam Chatterjee. Later he changed his name again to Arun Kumar. From Sahajatri 1951 he kept his name permanently as Uttam Kumar. At that time he also working at Port Trust. He gave back to back seven flop film while industry was stated him as "Flop Master General".[23]

His first successful film was under the M.P Production banner Basu Poribar in 1952 by Nirmal Dey. Then he left the carany job. The following year he worked again with the same banner and director in the film Sharey Chuattor in 1953, which was his first time paired with Suchitra Sen. His first breakthrough role came in the following year in Agradoot's film Agnipariksha in 1954.[24]

Kumar collaborated with Satyajit Ray for the first time in 1966 on the film Nayak. Ten years earlier in early 1956, however, Ray wanted to cast Kumar in his new film Ghare Baire. At that time, Ray was ill and needed to stay in his home for a few days. He developed the script based on Rabindranath Tagore during these days. When it was complete, Ray approached Kumar to do the Sandip role, which is a villain character. At that time Kumar had already appeared in Sharey Chuattor, Agnipariksha, Sabar Uparey and Shapmochon. So he refused to do the Sandip role in Ghare Baire. Later after four years of Kumar's demise in 1984, Ray completed the film, casting his regular actor Soumitra Chatterjee in the role of Sandip.[25]

He appeared in over 200 films in his career. Some of his best known roles were in the films Harano Sur, Bicharak, Saptapadi, Jhinder Bandi, Sesh Anka, Deya Neya, Lal Pathore, Jatu Griha, Thana Theke Aschi, Chowringhee, Nayak, Antony Firingee, Amanush, Bagh Bondi Khela and Chiriyakhana (1967).[26][27]

File:Mahanayak Uttam-kumar.jpg
Uttam Kumar was the first-ever recipient of the National Film Award for Best Actor for his performances in Antony Firingee and Chiriyakhana in 1967.

After seeing Kumar in Nayak, actress Elizabeth Taylor was impressed with his performance and wanted to work and meet with him.[28] He worked with Ray the following year in Chiriyakhana (1967).[29][30] On his performance in Nayak Forbes India was including him in "List Of 25 greatest acting performance of Indian Cinema".[31]

He produced six successful Bengali films and also produced a Hindi film. First he produced Harano Sur (1957) and Saptapadi under the banner of Alochayas Production. Both films were directed by Ajoy Kar and received National Film Award. In 1963 he changed his production house name as Uttam Kumar Films Private L.T.D. Under this banner he produced first Bhranti Bilash others is Uttar Falguni, Jatu griha both of film was won again National Film Award and also Grihadaha.[32]

Later, Kumar also directed the films Sudhu Ekti Bochhor, Bon Palashir Padaboli, Kalankini Kankabati (released after his death).

He composed music for the film Kaal Tumi Aleya in which Hemanta Mukherjee and Asha Bhosle sang to his tune and also composing Sabyasachi 1977 film. Kumar learned singing at an early age from Nidanbandhu Banerjee. He was also a playback singer in his own film Nabajanma 1956. Later he also recorded some Rabindra Sangeet.[32] At first he lip-synced on the 1950 film in 1950 Maryada.[33]

Kumar also acted in theatre, creating his own theatre group in his house called "Surhid Samaj" before debuting in the film industry. He worked in theatre in between his clerk job. In 1953 when he became a busy actor in the Bengali film industry he again worked in a play, called "Shyamali" under the Star Theater banner. The "Shyamali" ran for over 480 nights. However, Bidhan Chandra Roy (Chief Minister of West Bengal) called him "Shyamal". After this, the director Ajoy Kar made a film based on him with the same title Shyamali. He returned to the theatre in the 1970s, where he directed three plays under his foundation Shilpi Sangshad these are "Charankabi Mukunda Das", "Sajahan" and "Charitraheen" but he did not act. Up next he also acted in "Alibaba".[34]

In 1956 Raj Kapoor wanted to cast him in Jagte Raho Bengali version but Kumar did not accept it. Later in 1962 his friend Hemant Kumar offered him the lead role in a Hindi film by his production house - Bees Saal Baad but it is said their relationship hit a low point after he rejected it.[35] In 1964 Raj Kapoor approached him under his R.K Films banner, the film called Sangam, but Kumar rejected it, the role going to Rajendra Kumar.[36] Kumar did not get that kind of success in Hindi films. But later he also worked some Hindi films like Amanush (his only success in Hindi),[37] Anand Ashram, Kitaab and Dooriyaan.

Kumar had an eclectic collection of performances, at a time when typecasting and playing to one's trope was very common. He played dual roles in the film Jhinder Bandi and Bhranti Bilash a judges and lawyer in Bicharak and Jibon Jiggasa, a servant in Khokababur Protyabartan, a thief in Abak Prithibi, a murderer in Sesh Anka a detective in Thana Theke Aschi and Chiriyakhana, a hotel receptionist in Chowringhee, a jamindar in Stree, a king in Sanyasi Raja, a villainous evill politician in Bagh Bandi Khela, an ideal doctor in Agnishwaar, a revolutionary leader in Sabyasachi, a serial killer in Plot No 5.[38]

In the 1960s a rivalry was started between Kumar and Soumitra Chatterjee.[39] In a 2014 interview, Chatterjee said "I knew Uttamda ever since he was a Kolkata Port Trust employee before becoming a star. We had met at the theatre beforehand." "Any talk about our rivalry is baseless as few know how caring he was. He once dragged me jogging to stay and look fit and trim as a hero at the crack of dawn. I woke up in the dawn hearing commotion in the lane outside and then he called me aloud. Waving to the crowd around the Austin we both got inside and drove away - to the lake area."[40]

Abheek Barman of The Quint wrote in 2019 that Kumar's time was the "Golden Era of Bengali cinema".[41]

Kumar was one of the most successful actors in Bengali cinema history.[42] He made most of the highest grossing Bengali films of the years in which he worked. In 1960s at the time Kumar appeared in 15 successful films.[43]

Uttam-Suchitra combination

Kumar and Suchitra Sen in Harano Sur

Kumar and Suchitra Sen have appeared together in many films.[44] Some of Uttam's films co-starring Suchitra Sen include Share Chuattor which they had pairing for first time. The film was successful, and was followed by Agni Pariksha and others Shilpi, Saptapadi,[45][46] Pathe Holo Deri, Harano Sur, Chaowa Paowa, Bipasha, Jiban Trishna, Sagarika, Trijama, Indrani, Sabar Upare, Surjyo Toron, Rajlakshmi O Sreekanto, "Ekti Raat", "Grihadaha", Kamallata, Har Mana Har, Alo Amar Alo. They had worked together in 30 films from where 29 films was give box office success.[47][48] In an interview Uttam Kumar once said about his chemistry between Suchitra Sen that Roma saved my career, before Sharey Chuattor every heroine was older than me the so chemistry did not work properly, hence many of my films did not work flopped, then Roma came and I felt I got my heroine. If Roma never came I never would've been the Uttam Kumar.[49]

Uttam-Supriya

Sonar Harin saw Supriya Devi play the lead opposite Kumar. As they began to act in more films together, the two got involved off-screen as well. In 1963, Uttam left his family home at Girish Mukherjee Road, Bhowanipur and stayed with Supriya for the next 17 years until his death. They starred together in several other films like Uttarayan, Chiradiner, Agni Sanskar, Suno Baranari, Kal Tumi Aleya, Lal Pathor, Andha Atit, Sudhu Ekti Bochhor, Mon Niye, Bilambita Loy, Bhola Maira, Sanyasi Raja, Bon Palashir Padabali, Sister, Jibon Mrityue, Bagh Bandir Khela.[50]

Uttam-Sabitri

After Suchitra and Supriya, Kumar worked in many films with the actress Sabitri Chatterjee. They worked together first in 1951 in the film Sahajatri Kumar worked in most of the films with Chatterjee: they worked in 39 films together, including Abak Prithibi, Bhranti Bilash, Uttarayon, Nishipadma, Mouchak, Dhanni Meye and others.[51]

Other actresses

He worked with more than 46 heroines in his career, including Madhabi Mukherjee, Sharmila Tagore, Tanuja, Anjana Bhowmick, Arundhati Devi. He also paired with Vyjayanthimala, Vidya Sinha, Sulakshana Pandit, Olivia Lopej (Bangladeshi actress), Moushumi Chatterjee, Sumitra Devi, Sandhya Roy, Sumitra Mukherjee and others. In the 1960s he also paired with actress Asha Parekh in a film Jhankar, which was never released.[52]

Philanthropy

Kumar also did social work[clarification needed].[53] In 1942 he joined in the Indian independence movement. In 1945, he also helped Subhas Chandra Bose's Indian National army relief fund, arranging a play "Ananda Math" from which he collected 1750 rupees and gave it to Bose's elder brother Satish Chandra Bose.[54] In 1946 Hindu-Muslim controversy he also involved them.[55]

Uttam Kumar helped poor artists and technicians.[56] In 1968, he left Abhinetri Sangha and founded his own foundation "Shilpi Sangshad" for helping poor artists and technicians. He also become president of this until his death. But he never got involved in politics.[57] He worked in many films without any salary. He made the film Bon Polashir Padaboli.[58]

For the 1978 flood, he organized a charity cricket match between artists from the Bengali film industry and the Bombay film industry 1979. He was captaining for Bengal team while Dilip Kumar was captaining for Bombay team.[59]

Personal life

Morgan House, Kalimpong Testimonial of Uttam Kumar and Supriya Devi.

Kumar married Gauri Chatterjee (1929–1981) in 1941.[60] They had a son named Gautam Chatterjee, born in 1950 and died 2003.[61] But for some reason, they had a troubled marriage.[62] They had a divorce in 1963 and he got remarried to fellow co-star Supriya Chowdhury. It is said Kumar was still amiable with his ex-wife and took the responsibility of both the families.[60] His grandsons Gourab Chatterjee and Sorav Banerjee are also actors.[15][63]

Many fans were inquisitive about the relationship between Uttam and Suchitra and thought they were together. Rumours arose that they were the reason Kumar had a divorce, however, there is no truth in that, they were both married and had families, and were respectful of each other as colleagues.[64]

Controversy

Kumar was selected in 1976 to recite the Chandi Path in the All India Radio (AIR) studios. He was criticized by audience members for replacing the role normally served Birendra Krishna Bhadra, and after an apology by Kumar it would be .[65][66]

Death

Kumar first had a heart attack during the shooting of Ray's Chiriyakhana due to major financial problems for the flop of Chhoti Si Mulaqat.[citation needed] Later, he had two more heart attacks. While filming Ogo Bodhu Shundori on 23 July 1980 Uttam Kumar developed another heart issue. But that night after shooting he attended his friend's night party and over alcoholic there. At midnight, he had a serious heart stroke.[clarification needed] At 3:00 am, he was admitted to the Calcutta Bellevue Clinic. He received care from five cardiologists . Nevertheless, after 16 hours, he died that night 9:35 pm on 24 July 1980 at the age of 53.[67][68][44][69]

Filmography

Main article: Uttam Kumar filmography

Awards and recognition

National Film Award

Legacy

Uttam Kumar in 2009 stamp of India.

After the film Agnipariksha 1954, he became one of the most successful actors in Bengali cinema until his death.[72] Kumar was compared by many other actors in the world. Some of greatest actors and actresses such as Elizabeth Taylor, Dilip Kumar, Vyjayanthimala, Dharmendra, Rajesh Khanna, Shammi Kapoor and Amitabh Bachchan have expressed their admiration to him.[73][74]

Tollygunge Metro station in Kolkata was renamed as Mahanayak Uttam Kumar Metro Station in his honour. A life-size statue has been erected near Tollygunge metro station which in 2013 was renamed after the actor by the Central Railway Ministry.[75][76]

Celebrating the 89th birth anniversary of Uttam Kumar, the Department of Posts in 2009 released a series of new postage stamps featuring the actor. The Department of Posts also released a brochure on the Uttam Kumar Stamp release with a note that says "Uttam Kumar – The Legend of Indian Cinema".[77][78]

The Mahanayak Uttam Mancha in Kalighat, named after him, was established by his youngest brother Tarun Kumar. This is mainly a business auditorium but is also used for Bengali drama and plays. Currently, the auditorium is supervised under the Kolkata Municipal Corporation.

In 2012, the Government of West Bengal started giving an award in his name as "Mahanayak Samman" for lifetime contribution and film award also. This program is held on Uttam Mancha on his every death anniversary.[citation needed]

In 2016 a television series based on his life was started, which was starring by the Bengali cinema actor Prosenjit Chatterjee named Mahanayak.[79] A biopic named Achena Uttam on his life is being made, where his character is played by the Bengali actor Saswata Chatterjee.[80] National Award winner director Srijit Mukherjee made a film where he cast him through the VFX taken the footage of his 54 films the filmed named as Oti Uttam.[81]

"It is the demise of a leading light of the Bengali film industry...There isn't – there won't be another hero like him."[82]
"Uttam Kumar was the most gifted actor I ever worked with. His first Hindi film, Chhoti Si Mulaqat, was opposite me in 1967... Uttam Kumar was thoroughly professional, cooperative and lip-synced perfectly, especially on "Aye Chand" and "Tujhe Dekha". He lip-synced songs rendered by Hemant Kumar, Manna Dey and Mohammed Rafi as if he was singing them. I was criticised for Chhoti Si Mulaqat but Uttam Kumar never criticised me."[83]
"If Uttam Kumar committed a crime and then he gave that smile, I was ready to believe he was innocent."[84]
"I will be really ungrateful if I do not make a special mention of the late Uttam Kumar, the greatest living actor of my time. He had a divine screen presence with a God-gifted smile and dialogue delivery. While shooting for Amar Prem the Hindi Version of Uttam Kumar's Nishipadma, I confessed to director Shakti Samanta, I will consider myself really lucky if I can perform even 50 percent of what Uttam Kumar did."[85]
"Uttam is my friend. In a word, he is a great, great artist. But still, sometimes I feel as if he is not properly exploited."[86]
"The smart, modern hero of India."[87]
"Uttam was the best of our entire lot. A truly clean person."[88]
"I personally felt that the acting of Uttam Kumar could be compared to the best actor of any country. His great attribute is his diligence. Many are born with talent, but the talent gets eclipsed due to the lack of diligence. Uttam Kumar has both of them. Perhaps that's the reason why he still sparkles."[89]
"Sri Uttam Kumar is not merely the actor, I regard him as the creator of the character. Maybe as the creator of the character, he has achieved such stupendous popularity."[90]

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