Oshnavieh
Oshnavieh
اشنویه | |
|---|---|
Town | |
  Oshnavieh | |
| Coordinates: 37°02′23″N 45°05′54″E / 37.03972°N 45.09833°E | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | West Azerbaijan |
| County | Oshnavieh |
| Bakhsh | Central |
| Government | |
| Population (2016 Census) | |
| • Total | 85 000 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+4:30 (IRDT) |
Oshnavieh (Persian: اشنويه, romanized: Oshnavīyeh;[1] Kurdish: شنۆ, romanized: Şino[2]) is the capital city of Oshnavieh County, West Azerbaijan Province in Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 40,000 in 2,000 families.[3]
The city is populated by Kurds who speak Sorani.[4]
History
Oshnaviyeh lies on the historic route from Urmia basin to Rawandiz over the Kalashin Pass. An Urartian stele from about 800 BCE exist near the city. After the Mongol invasion, the city became the seat of the Nestorian Church for a brief moment.[5]
Medieval geographers from the 10th century wrote that the city was fair-sized, attached to Urmia, fertile and having good pasture. Kurds from the Hadhabani tribe would settle in the area during the summer, pasture their livestock and sell their products for manufactures and textiles from the city. The city came under the rule of the Rawadids in the 10th century and continued to flourish. The city also fostered scholars and traditionalists. Ali ibn al-Athir wrote in 1205/6 that Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr of the Eldiguzids handed over the city to the ruler of Maragheh ʿAlāʾ-al-Din Qara Sonqor. In 1226, the city was under the Ivāʾiya Kurds until its capture by Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu. In 1220/1, when Yaqut al-Hamawi passed the city, the city was in ruins, but had been rebuilt by the time of the visit of Hamdallah Mustawfi. Mustawfi described the city as being Sunni, in a rural district of 120 villages and producing a total revenue worth 19,300 dinars annually. It was mentioned by traveller Fraser in 1840 that the city was populated Zerza Kurds, whose presence is possibly attested as being present in the city as early as the 14th century. In the 19th century, the population was mostly Kurdish with a small Assyrian people population which perished during Seyfo.[5]
When Sheikh Ubeydullah and his forces advanced from Ottoman territory toward Urmia, he captured Oshnavieh and made it his capital until he was defeated in 1880.[6]
20th century
The town was incorporated into the short-lived Republic of Mahabad in 1946.[7]
Mahsa Amini protests
Protesters briefly took over the city during the Mahsa Amini protests, from 24 to 25 September 2022.[8]
References
- ^ Oshnavieh can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3077462" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ "لە کوێستانەکانی شنۆ شەڕ لەنێوان سوپای پاسداران و گرووپێکی نەناسراو روویدا" (in Kurdish). 9 June 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
- ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 20 September 2011.
- ^ Mosel, Ulrike (2018). "Fieldwork and community language work". Essentials of Language Documentation. De Gruyter. p. 17. doi:10.1515/9783110197730.67.
- ^ a b Bosworth, C. E. (2002). "OŠNUYA". Encyclopedia Iranica.
- ^ Maisel, Sebastian (2018). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-CLIO. p. 234.
- ^ Hamza, Ahmed Y. (2020). "A Contemporary Political History of the Kurds in Iran". In Gürses, Mehmet; Romanoa, David; M. Gunter, Michael (eds.). The Kurds in the Middle East: Enduring Problems and New Dynamics. p. 213.
- ^ Murphy, Matt (25 August 2022). "Iran protests: Raisi to 'deal decisively' with widespread unrest". BBC.
Locals told the BBC that demonstrators had seized control overnight and that security forces and government officials had fled, before regaining control on Saturday.
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