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Viktor Tsoi

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In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Robertovich and the family name is Tsoi .
Viktor Tsoi
Виктор Цой
Tsoi in 1986
Born
Viktor Robertovich Tsoi

(1962-06-21)21 June 1962
Leningrad, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
(now Saint Petersburg, Russia)
Died15 August 1990(1990-08-15) (aged 28)
Zentene, Latvian SSR, Soviet Union
Cause of deathCar crash
Resting placeBogoslovskoye Cemetery, Saint Petersburg
Occupations
  • Singer
  • songwriter
  • composer
  • actor
Years active1978–1990
Spouse
Marianna Tsoi
​
(m. 1985)​
Children1
Musical career
Genres
Instruments
  • Vocals
  • guitar
  • bass
  • piano[7]
Labels
Signature

Viktor Robertovich Tsoi (Russian: Виктор Робертович Цой; Russian pronunciation: [ˈvʲikt̪ər ˈrobʲɪrt̪əvʲɪtɕ ˈtsoi̯]; 21 June 1962 – 15 August 1990) was a Soviet singer and songwriter who co-founded Kino, one of the most popular and musically influential bands in the history of Russian-language music.

Born and raised in Leningrad (now known as Saint Petersburg), Tsoi started writing songs as a teenager. Throughout his career, Tsoi contributed a plethora of musical and artistic works, including ten albums. After Kino appeared and performed in the 1987 Soviet film Assa, the band's popularity surged, triggering a period referred to as "Kinomania", and leading to Tsoi's leading role in the 1988 Kazakh new wave art film The Needle. In 1990, after their high-profile concert at the Luzhniki Stadium, Tsoi briefly relocated to Latvia with bandmate Yuri Kasparyan to work on the band's next album. Two months after the concert, Tsoi died in a car collision.[8][9]

He is regarded as one of the most important pioneers of Russian/Soviet rock and is credited with popularizing the genre throughout the Soviet Union. He retains a devoted following in many ex-Soviet countries, such as Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia, where he is known as one of the most influential and popular people in the history of Russian music.

Viktor Tsoi became popular by combining his music and lyrics with philosophy.[10]

Early life

Viktor Robertovich Tsoi was born on 21 June 1962, in a maternity hospital on Kuznetsovskaya Street in Leningrad. He was the only child of Valentina Vasilyevna Tsoi (née Guseva), a Russian schoolteacher, and Robert Maximovich Tsoi, a Soviet Korean engineer from Kzyl-Orda, Kazakhstan, where his Korean parents had been exiled after Stalin's 1937 deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union.[11][12] The family's Korean ancestry can be traced back to Songjin, Hamgyong, Korea (present-day Kimchaek, North Korea), where Viktor's great-grandfather Choi Yong-nam was born in 1893.[13]

Tsoi grew up in the vicinity of the Moskovsky Victory Park. The family lived in the notable "general's house" at the corner of Moskovsky Avenue and Basseynaya Street (the building is now an architectural monument).[14] For some time Tsoi studied at a nearby school in Frunze Street, where his mother worked.[15]

From 1974 until 1977, Tsoi attended a secondary art school, where he was a member of the band Palata No. 6 (Russian: Палата № 6, English: "Ward No. 6").[16] From 1977, he attended the Serov Art School, until he was expelled in 1979 for poor performance.[citation needed] Afterwards, he attended SGPTU-61, a secondary city vocational school, where he studied to become a wood carver.[17] In his youth, he was a fan of Mikhail Boyarsky and Vladimir Vysotsky, and later Bruce Lee, after whom he started modelling his image.[18][19] He was fond of martial arts and often sparred "in Chinese" with bandmate Yuri Kasparyan.

Career

Tsoi began writing songs at the age of 17. In the 1970s and the 1980s, rock music was an underground movement limited mostly to Leningrad; Moscow pop stars, endorsed by the Soviet state, ruled the charts and received the most exposure from the media. However, rock music was not popular with the government, and rock bands received little to no funding and were given little exposure by the media. The Leningrad Rock Club was one of the few public places where rock bands were allowed to perform.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Tsoi was a close friend of Alexei Rybin. Rybin, a member of the hard rock band Piligrimy (Russian: Пилигримы, lit. 'Pilgrims'), and Tsoi, who played bass guitar in the group Palata # 6 (Russian: Палата № 6, lit. 'Chamber # 6'), met at the house of Andrei "Svin" Panov, in whose apartment people and musicians often gathered, and also where his own punk band Avtomaticheskie udovletvoriteli rehearsed. By this time, Tsoi had begun to perform the songs he wrote at parties.

Tsoi and Rybin, as members of Автоматические удовлетворители (Avtomaticheskie udovletvoriteli), went to Moscow and performed punk-rock metal at Artemy Troitsky's underground concerts. During a similar performance in Leningrad on the occasion of Andrei Tropillo's anniversary, Tsoi and Rybin first met Boris Grebenshchikov. Later, after a solo concert by Grebenshchikov, they met up and Tsoi played two of his songs to him.[20] Grebenshchikov, who had already been a relatively established musician in the Leningrad underground scene, was very impressed by Tsoi's talent and helped him start up his own band.

Beginnings of Kino

At the Leningrad Rock Club, Tsoi played as a solo artist supported by members of the band Aquarium. Tsoi's lyrics and music impressed the crowd. In the summer of 1981, Tsoi, Rybin, and Oleg Valinsky formed the band Garin i giperboloydy (Russian: Гарин и Гиперболоиды, lit. 'Garin and the hyperboloids'). The name was a homage to the classic Russian novel The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin by Aleksey Tolstoy. In autumn of the same year, the band was admitted to membership of the Leningrad Rock Club. Not long after, Valinsky was conscripted into the army, leaving only Tsoi and Rybin, who renamed the band to Kino. Kino began recording its debut album in the spring of 1982.

First albums

Kino began recording its debut album, 45, in the spring of 1982 at Andrei Tropillo's studio. Members of Aquarium also took part in the recording, with Boris Grebenshchikov directing the album. By the summer, the album was completely finished. Its duration was 45 minutes, after which the album was named 45. The album got some distribution and Kino performed in many apartment concerts in Moscow and Leningrad.

On 19 February 1983, a joint concert with Kino and Aquarium took place. After the concert, Yuri Kasparyan was invited to join the band as a guitarist. In the spring, Rybin left Kino due to disagreements with Tsoi. Tsoi and Kasparyan spent the summer on joint rehearsals. As a result, Kino recorded the album 46, which was initially thought of as a demo for Nachalnik Kamchatki (Russian: Начальник Камчатки, lit. 'Chief of Kamchatka'). 46 was widely distributed and was considered to be a full-fledged album. In the fall of 1983, Tsoi went to a psychiatric hospital in Pryazhka, where he spent a month and a half. As a result, Tsoi was not conscripted into the army.[21] After being discharged from the psychiatric hospital, he wrote the song "Trankvilizator" (Russian: Транквилизатор, lit. 'Tranquilizer').[22]

"Peremen!/"My zhdyom peremen" ("Changes!"/"We are waiting for changes"), first performed by Tsoi in the summer of 1986, quickly became an important political song, an embodiment of the spirit of the Perestroika. It remains a powerful political song, prominently used during 2020–2021 Belarusian protests.

Rise to fame

1987 was a breakthrough year for Kino. The release of their 6th album Gruppa Krovi (Russian: Группа крови, lit. 'Blood Type') triggered what was then called "Kinomania". The open political climate under glasnost allowed Tsoi to make Gruppa Krovi, his most political album, yet it also allowed him to record a sound of music that no one before him had been able to play. Most of the tracks on the album were directed at the youth of the Soviet Union, telling them to take control and make changes within the nation; some of the songs addressed the social problems crippling the nation. The sound and lyrics of the album made Tsoi a hero among Soviet youth and Kino the most popular rock band ever. In the diverse Soviet republics, fans translated his originally Russian lyrics into their native languages as well.

Over the next few years, Tsoi appeared in several successful movies and also travelled to the United States to promote his films at film festivals. Several more albums were released, their themes were once again mostly political, further fueling the band's popularity. Even though Tsoi was a huge star, he still lived a relatively ordinary life. He kept his old job in the boiler room of an apartment building, called Kamchatka, which is currently a museum/club dedicated to the singer. The fact that he worked at a boiler plant surprised many people. Tsoi said that he enjoyed the work and he also needed the money to support the band, as they still received no government support and their albums were copied and passed around the nation via magnitizdat free of charge. This made Tsoi even more popular among the people because it showed that he was down to earth and they could relate to him. He also went on tour in 1988–1989 to Italy, France, and Denmark. Kino's finest hour came in 1990 with a concert at Moscow's Luzhniki Stadium; 62,000 fans filled the stands to celebrate the triumph of the USSR's most successful rock group. It also was one of the four times the Luzhniki Olympic Fire was ever lit.

Film appearances

In 1987, the band Kino, along with other Russian rock bands, appeared as themselves in Assa (Russian: Асса), a film by Sergei Solovyov. However, the film as a whole has nothing to do with rock music, and Kino simply appears as a cameo in the end.

In 1988, Viktor Tsoi starred as the protagonist in The Needle (Russian: Игла, romanized: Igla), directed by Rashid Nugmanov and written by Aleksandr Baranov and Bakhyt Kilibayev. The plot is centered around the character Moro, who returns to Almaty, Kazakhstan, to collect money owed to him. While waiting out an unexpected delay, he visits his former girlfriend Dina and discovers she has become a morphine addict. He decides to help her quit and fight the local drug mafia responsible for her condition. But Moro finds a deadly opponent in "the doctor," the mafia kingpin who is exploiting Dina.[23] Tsoi was nominated for an award for his role in the film.[21]

The film's soundtrack, including original music by Tsoi's band Kino, contributes to the overall feeling of the movie, in addition to the film's use of post-modern twists and surreal scenes.

The movie was officially released in February 1989 in the Soviet Union.

Death

Tsoi's fans mourning in Leningrad

On 15 August 1990, in Latvia, Tsoi was driving on the Sloka – Talsi highway, near Tukums and Riga. At 12:28 p.m., Tsoi died in a car collision. The investigation concluded that Tsoi had fallen asleep while driving, possibly due to fatigue;[24][25] he had not consumed alcohol for at least 48 hours before his death.[26] At the time he fell asleep Tsoi was driving at a speed of at least 130 km/h, causing his dark blue Moskvitch-2141[27] to turn into the oncoming lane and collide with an Ikarus 250 bus.[28] Tsoi was pronounced dead at the scene. The bus driver was not injured. Tsoi's car was completely destroyed to the point that one of its tires was never found.

The death of Viktor Tsoi was a shock to many fans, some even having committed suicide.[29] On 17 August, Komsomolskaya Pravda, one of the main Soviet newspapers, had the following to say about Tsoi and his meaning to the youth of the nation:

Tsoi means more to the young people of our nation than any politician, celebrity or writer. This is because Tsoi never lied and never sold out. He was and remains himself. It's impossible not to believe him... Tsoi is the only rocker who has no difference between his image and his real life, he lived the way he sang... Tsoi is the last hero of rock.

On 19 August, he was buried in a closed casket at the Bogoslovskoe Cemetery in Leningrad. Thousands of people came to the funeral.[30]

Kasparyan left for Leningrad prior to the collision, with a tape containing the only recording of Tsoi's vocals for the band's next album. The remaining members of Kino finished and released the Black Album in December. It later became the band's most popular creation.[citation needed]

Personal life

Viktor lived with his wife, Marianna Tsoi, and his son Alexander (born 1985). Tsoi lived a poor life, with Marianna saying that they could not even afford a proper wedding dress. The apartment building boiler room he worked at was nicknamed "Kamchatka", and is now the site of a museum and rock club dedicated to Tsoi.[31] He previously also worked in Kyiv, Ukraine, however after the authorities found out he was working illegally, he was sent to Moscow.

During the filming of Assa, Tsoi met Natalia Razlogova, the director's assistant. Tsoi later fell in love with Razlogova and separated from Marianna. However, they did not divorce, for the sake of their son.[32]

Legacy

Russian stamp devoted to Viktor Tsoi, 1999
The Tsoi Wall in the Arbat District of Moscow

Portraits of Viktor Tsoi are displayed today in many places around Russia, from graffiti on the fences of Saint Petersburg to an entire wall dedicated to Viktor Tsoi in a bylane of the famous Arbat Street in Moscow, where fans still gather to remember their hero. Other Tsoi Walls can also be found in Minsk, Belarus and in some regions of Kazakhstan. In 2000 some of the nation's top rock bands came together and released their interpretations of Kino's best songs as a tribute to Viktor Tsoi on what would have been his 38th birthday.[citation needed]

In 2012, on what would have been Tsoi's 50th birthday, the remaining members of Kino gathered to record the song "Ataman" (Russian: «Атаман»), with his vocals that were recovered from his car crash but never used because of its poor quality. The drummer Georgiy Guryanov died shortly after, making "Ataman" the last song recorded by Kino and its members.[citation needed]

On 15 August 2020, the 30th anniversary of Tsoi's death was marked. In memory of Tsoi, the Palace Bridge in St. Petersburg was lifted to his songs. Fans across the country commemorated his death, especially in his home city of St. Petersburg where a number of events and concerts were organised, as well as at the Tsoi Wall in Moscow. The day before, a 4-meter-tall monument dedicated to Tsoi was erected in St. Petersburg in his memory.[33][34]

The South Korean rock band YB covered the song "Gruppa krovi" (Russian: «Группа крови», lit. 'Blood Type'; Korean: 혈액형) on their 1999 album Korean Rock Remade (Korean: 한국 ROCK 다시 부르기).[35]

Viktor An, a South Korean-born Russian short track speed skater, chose his Russian name "Viktor" in honour of Tsoi.[36]

  • Joanna Stingray commemorated him in her song, "Tsoi Song".[37]
  • On 21 June 2012, Google commemorated Tsoi's 50th birthday with a Google Doodle reminiscent of the Tsoi Wall.[38][39]
  • In 2015, Tsoi's song "Kukushka" (Russian: «Кукушка», lit. 'Cuckoo') was covered by Russian singer Polina Gagarina for the movie Battle for Sevastopol.
  • In the 2018 film Leto, Tsoi was played by Teo Yoo.[40]
  • In 2018, a monument to Tsoi was erected in Almaty, Kazakhstan.[41]
  • In the 2019 videogame, Metro Exodus, multiple songs by Kino such as “We Want Changes”, “Watch Yourself”, “A Song Without Words” and “Shut The Door Behind Me", can be heard on the radio during segments set on a train as it travels across Russia, its crew in search of a hospitable place to live after a nuclear war. “Shut The Door Behind Me” can also be heard in the beginning of the level 'Taiga' as the player and a crew member scout out a valley.[citation needed]
  • In the 2020 videogame, Cyberpunk 2077, graffiti reading "цой жив" (Tsoi is alive) can be found in various locations.[42]
  • In the standalone mod ANOMALY for game S.T.A.L.K.E.R. songs from band Kino can be heard from multiple radios in the game, and also from players PDA radio.

Family

External images
image icon Valentina Vasiliyevna — Viktor's mother
image icon Robert Maximovich — Viktor's father
image icon Alexander — Viktor's son
  • Maxim Maximovich Tsoi (Korean name: Choi Seung Jun, Hangul: 최승준) — Viktor's grandfather on his father's side; a Korean from Kazakhstan.[43]
  • Robert Maximovich Tsoi (born 5 May 1938, Korean name: Choi Dong Yeol, Hangul: 최동열) — Viktor's father; an engineer.
  • Valentina Vasiliyevna Tsoi (née Guseva) (8 January 1937 – 28 November 2009) — Viktor's mother; a physical education teacher.
  • Marianna Igorevna Tsoi (born Kovalyova, Rodovanskaya after her first marriage) (5 March 1959 – 27 June 2005) — Viktor's wife; Viktor and Marianna met in 1982, married in 1984, and separated in 1987, after which Viktor moved in with his new girlfriend Natalia Razlogova.[32] Marianna became the owner of the rights to Viktor's songs after his death. She survived him by 15 years, dying of cancer in 2005.[44][45]
  • Alexander Viktorovich Tsoi (performed as Molchanov) (born 5 August,[46] 1985) — Viktor's son; a graphic designer and musician. In June 2012, on his first ever interview, he said that he owns a club in St. Petersburg, writes and performs music, and works as a graphic designer, creating album covers for other musicians.[47] He was a guitarist in the band Para bellvm.
  • Natalia Emilyevna Razlogova (born 20 October 1956) — Viktor's girlfriend; a film critic, translator, and sister of the famous film critic Kirill Razlogov. After Tsoi's death, she married journalist Yevgeny Dodolev and left for the US, where she and Dodolev had two children.

References

  1. ^ Григорий Шарапа. "Виктор Цой: Биография". www.soyuz.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d Бехтер Леонид Трофимович. "Статья Звезда по имени Виктор Цой". solncesvet.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 6 August 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  3. ^ "Виктор Цой о своем творчестве — НАШЕ Радио". www.nashe.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  4. ^ a b "Новая волна русского рока: история в лицах". www.soulsound.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  5. ^ "P-PCC: Пост-панк кино клуб". www.abbreviationfinder.org (in Russian). Archived from the original on 6 August 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  6. ^ a b c Иван Михайлов (8 February 2021). "Смысл песни Цоя «Звезда по имени Солнце»". potokmedia.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 6 August 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  7. ^ "В.Цой играет на пианино". YouTube (in Russian). Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  8. ^ "Cabaret Band Silver Wedding /Bellorussia/". Cabaret Band Silver Wedding /Bellorussia/ - Riga This Week. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  9. ^ "Retour en URSS : gloire du Soviet Rock et de Viktor Tsoï". Dispatchbox.net. 14 July 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  10. ^ "Цой Виктор Робертович — биография композитора и исполнителя, личная жизнь, фото".
  11. ^ OKS LU (1 December 2012). "Родители Виктора Цоя в пер. ЛЮБОВЬ СКВОЗЬ ГОДЫ 2008 г". YouTube. Archived from the original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  12. ^ "Группа крови — дальневосточная". dv.land.
  13. ^ Zhitinsky, p. 41
  14. ^ "Дом со шпилем или "Генеральский дом"". Petersburglike.ru. 23 August 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  15. ^ "Здесь жил Цой". Rosbalt.ru. 21 June 2012.
  16. ^ Zhitinsky, p. 50
  17. ^ Zhitinsky, p. 64
  18. ^ "Виктор Цой (Victor Tsoy). Биография. Фотографии". Lichnosti.net. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  19. ^ Петербургский курьер (1999). Он не был ангелом, как не был и демоном Archived 18 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ Viktor Tsoi's biography at the website lichnosti.net
  21. ^ a b "Виктор Цой в 25 фактах о нем – Rock Cult". Rock Cult (in Russian). Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  22. ^ Tsoi, Marianna (1991). "Точка отсчета". Виктор Цой. Стихи. Документы. Воспоминания. Звезды рок-н-ролла. St. Petersburg: Novyi Heicon. ISBN 5-85-395-018-5. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
  23. ^ Written by Forrest Ciesol for IMDB
  24. ^ Схема аварии на сайте РИА Новости. RIA Novosti. 15 August 2007: "В 12 час. 28 мин на 35 км трассы из-за поворота со скоростью 60–70 километров в час выехал автобус Икарус, который Цой не заметил."
  25. ^ Гибель Цоя: как произошла авария на трассе Слока-Талси. ИНФОграфика – РИА Новости [Tsoi's Death: How Did the Accident on Sloka-Talsi Road Happen]. Rian.ru (in Russian). 15 August 2007. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  26. ^ Soldatenkov, N. КИНО без Цоя?. kinoman.net
  27. ^ Комментарий отца Виктора — Роберта Максимовича, в передаче «Битва экстрасенсов».
  28. ^ Belyaev, Andrei (23 August 1995) "В этот момент из-за поворота выскочил "Икарус-250"". Sovetskaya Molodezh, Latvia
  29. ^ "Гибель Цоя: как произошла авария на трассе Слока-Талси. ИНФОграфика". Ria.ru. 15 August 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  30. ^ "The Soviet Union's LARGEST funerals (PHOTOS)". 16 July 2021.
  31. ^ Fedorova, Anastasiia (15 August 2017). "Remembering Viktor Tsoi: why the rebellious rock poet is still a hero for our time". The Calvert Journal.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  32. ^ a b "Биография Виктора Цоя". РИА Новости. 15 August 2015.
  33. ^ "Памятник Виктору Цою установили в Петербурге". peterburg2.ru. 14 August 2020.
  34. ^ "Последний герой: как чтят память Виктора Цоя". gazeta.ru. 15 August 2020.
  35. ^ "윤도현 밴드 - 한국 rock 다시 부르기 (1999)". Init_Music. 13 October 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  36. ^ Zeigler, Mark (10 February 2014). "Viktor Ahn: For Russia, with love". Utsandiego.com.
  37. ^ Joanna Stingray - Tsoi Song, archived from the original on 12 December 2021, retrieved 2 November 2019
  38. ^ "Soviet Rock Idol Tsoi Celebrated in Google Doodle". Rian.ru. 21 June 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  39. ^ "Viktor Tsoi's 50th Birthday". Google.com. 21 June 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  40. ^ Barber, Nicholas (10 May 2018). "Leto premieres despite its director's house arrest". Bbc.com.
  41. ^ "В Алматы появился памятник Виктору Цою". kapital.kz. 22 June 2018.
  42. ^ 5 Soviet and Russian culture allusions in Cyberpunk 2077, retrieved 8 April 2021
  43. ^ "Фамилия Цой". Vitya-tsoy.narod.ru. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  44. ^ "Умерла Марьяна Цой". Kp.ru. 28 June 2005. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  45. ^ "She died a widow of Viktor Tsoi. What will happen to the monument of rock legends?". BestTopNews.Com. 28 June 2005.
  46. ^ "Александр Цой (I) (Александр Цой) - Биография и интересные факты - КиноКопилка". Kinokopilka.pro. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  47. ^ ""Интервью":Сын Виктора Цоя дал первое телевизионное интервью". m24.ru. Retrieved 23 August 2020.

Cited sources

Further reading

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