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Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2023)

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Riyuky (talk | contribs) at 23:34, 17 May 2023 (Linked citation to archived snapshot of the BBC News directory https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197/, which is still updating such that older posts have their "page number" subdirectory incremented per the format https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197/page/x , where x="page number" e.g. https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197/page/4 . Audio message content indeed reported to be "[B] would be captured, given a fair trial and then hanged in a public square."). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

The following is a timeline of the 2023 Sudan conflict.

April 2023

15 April

Khartoum

See also: Battle of Khartoum (2023)

On 15 April 2023, the RSF launched an attack on multiple SAF bases across the country, including in the capital Khartoum.[1][2] At 12:00 (CAT), RSF forces claimed to have captured Khartoum International Airport, Merowe Airport, El Obeid Airport as well as a base in Soba.[3] Clashes between the RSF and the SAF erupted at the Presidential Palace and at the residence of General al-Burhan, with both sides claiming control over the two sites.[3]

In response, the SAF announced the closure of all airports in the country.[4] and the Sudanese Air Force conducted airstrikes on RSF positions in Khartoum[1][3] with artillery fire being heard in parts of the city.[5]

Elsewhere in Khartoum clashes were reported at the headquarters of the state broadcaster Sudan TV.[6] The channel halted a news bulletin after the presenter began reading an item about the situation in Khartoum with gunshots being heard in the background and switched the programming to music.[7] Eyewitnesses and Al Arabiya later reported that the TV station was captured by RSF forces.[1][8] Bridges and roads in Khartoum were closed and checkpoints set up.[9] The RSF claimed that all roads heading south of Khartoum have been closed.[10]

At Khartoum International Airport, multiple aircraft belonging to Saudia, Badr Airlines, and SkyUp Airlines among others were reported to be damaged according to Flightradar24.[11] Saudia later confirmed that one of its aircraft, an Airbus, came under fire before take-off at the airport and that it had evacuated all passengers, crew and staff to the Saudi embassy.[12] It, along with EgyptAir and Qatar Airways also suspended all flights to and from Sudan.[12][13]

Darfur

Main article: Darfur campaign (2023)

Clashes erupted in the capital of North Darfur state, Al-Fashir, while Nyala Airport in South Darfur was shelled.[4][14] In Al-Fashir, clashes were ongoing using light and heavy weapons with RSF forces trying to capture the airport and other buildings.[15] RSF forces claimed to have captured the airport, and the Signal Corps and Medical Corps headquarters in Al-Fashir.[10] Clashes erupted in Zalingei in Central Darfur.[16]

Elsewhere

Later in the day, the SAF claimed that RSF forces in White Nile, Gedaref, Kassala, Nyala, Port Sudan, Kadugli, Damazin and Kosti had surrendered and that the RSF camps of Taiba and Soba had been destroyed.[10][17]

16 April

SAF

The Khartoum State Security Committee declared a public holiday in the city "in order to preserve lives of citizens and their property".[18] At around 13:30 (CAT), the SAF announced the rescue of a major general and a brigadier, the arrests of multiple RSF officers at Merowe Airport and the taking of the airport itself, while also claiming that multiple RSF leaders had deserted or surrendered to SAF.[3][19][clarification needed] SAF officials also claimed that RSF members had fled Merowe Airport with Egyptian soldiers being taken as prisoners.[3]

The Sudan Civil Aviation Authority announced the closure of the country's airspace as well as that of parts of South Sudan that it also manages due to ‘security reasons.’[20] Telecommunications provider MTN shut down internet services across the country after orders from the Sudanese telecommunications regulator were given.[21] Sudan TV also completely halted its broadcasts,[22][23] and a local news website reported that clashes had taken place within the headquarters of the station and that its control room "was bombed". Reuters cited staff as saying that the authorities had cut transmissions to prevent broadcasting by RSF forces.[22][24] Attacks were also reported at facilities of Sudan Railways.[25]

The Chadian Army stopped and disarmed a contingent of 320 Sudanese soldiers who had entered the country from Darfur while fleeing the RSF.[26]

RSF

An RSF advisor said that they tactically withdrew from the Karari camp in Omdurman while also claiming that 90% of Khartoum is under RSF control.[21][3] Sources from Al Jazeera indicated that at around 18:00 (CAT), RSF forces took control over the Blue Nile TV network.[3] In Nyala, the RSF claimed control of the SAF's 16th Infantry Division at around 18:30 (CAT),[10] according to residents RSF forces captured the city's airport after capturing a military base in the previous day.[27]

17 April

Clashes resumed in Khartoum with artillery being heard from the northern and southern parts of the capital as fighting went on in front of the gates of the army headquarters.[28] Fighting was ongoing in Omdurman, with use of fighter jets by the military and anti-aircraft missiles by the RSF.[29] Fighting took place west of Merowe airport.[30]

A US diplomatic convoy was fired upon in Darfur and managed to escape unharmed.[31] Preliminary reports linked the assailants to the RSF.[32]

SAF

 محمد حمدان دقلو Twitter logo, a stylized blue bird
@GenerallDagllo

We are fighting against radical Islamists who hope to keep Sudan isolated and in the dark, and far removed from democracy. We will continue to pursue Al-Burhan and bring him to justice.

17 April 2023[33]

2023-4-17The SAF claimed control of the headquarters of Sudan TV and state radio in Khartoum, and Sudan TV resumed its broadcasting with pro-army songs and anthems.[34][35] The RSF released a video on their Twitter page, purportedly filmed in front of Sudan TV compound's gates, and disputed its control.[36]

RSF

At 10:00 (CAT), the RSF claimed to be in full control of Merowe Airport.[37]

18 April

As a ceasefire was announced to begin later in the day, fighting continued in Khartoum with fighter jets flying across the capital, launching attacks against what appeared to be RSF targets. The RSF used anti-aircraft defense systems and heavy artillery to repel the attacks. Reporters said that armed personnel had entered several hospitals in Khartoum. Medical facilities have also reported a shortage of medical personnel, electricity and water.[38] Al Jazeera reported that confrontations appear to have stopped in south Khartoum, and fighting was ongoing in the center of the capital near the presidential palace and the army headquarters.[39] The RSF was reported to have looted some residential areas of the capital, with residents of the Khartoum 2 area telling the BBC that the RSF had been going house-to-house demanding water and food.[40] After the ceasefire came into effect at 18:00 local time, gunfire and shelling continued to be heard in Khartoum.[41] Two rockets struck the Yunus Emre Institute in Khartoum, without causing any casualties.[42]

At Merowe, eyewitnesses reported seeing an RSF column heading away from the perimeter of its airport to al-Multaqa, 100 km (62 miles) to the south, following air strikes by the military the previous day.[43]

19 April

Battles continued in Khartoum near the army headquarters, the presidential palace, and the airport, with heavy weaponry being used. The SAF said that it was attacked by the RSF at its general command headquarters but had repelled the attack, inflicting "heavy losses" on the RSF, who were reported to have abandoned 24 land cruisers, and calling on them to surrender, promising pardons to members who would do so.[44] It also admitted that the RSF managed to seize a number of government buildings such as the Ministry of the Council of Ministers, the Ministry of the Interior and the Civil Registry Department.[45] Observers determined that the SAF was controlling access to Khartoum and trying to cut off supply routes to RSF fighters. Witnesses said the SAF reinforcements were brought in from near the eastern border with Ethiopia.[46]

The SAF accused the RSF of assaulting civilians in Khartoum and other parts of the country, carrying out acts of looting and burning at a market in Khartoum Bahri and going on a rampage, looting and assaulting people in Merowe.[44]

As another ceasefire was announced to begin at 18:00 local time, fighting was reported to have mostly subsided around Khartoum Airport but continued to be intense around the Presidential Palace, Army Headquarters and in the Jabra neighborhood of west Khartoum, where homes belonging to RSF leader Dagalo and his family were located. Fighting was reported to have continued several minutes into the start of the ceasefire.[44] Dagalo was reportedly seen commanding operations from the Hai al-Matar neighborhood, close to the military headquarters.[47] The RSF accused the SAF of using heavy artillery against homes in Jabra, breaching international law.[46] A huge fire broke out in the Khartoum 2 area after an attack at a weapons store.[48]

In Merowe, an Al Jazeera correspondent said that the SAF had regained full control over the airport, which had been totally destroyed in the fighting, and that the situation was returning to normal although the presence of military vehicles was still noted. The RSF claimed that it still maintained a presence in the city.[44]

20 April

The RSF said that it repelled a SAF attack on its positions in Omdurman in the morning despite the ongoing ceasefire, shooting down two helicopters in the process.[49] RSF forces approaching Khartoum were blocked by SAF air and land forces.[50] Al Jazeera reported that clashes continued near the army headquarters and the presidential palace.[51] Explosions were also reported in El-Obeid, the capital of North Kordofan state.[52]

21 April

The day marked Eid al-Fitr with calls for a ceasefire to allow for celebrations. Despite the SAF's Burhan calling for unity[53] and the RSF's Dagalo saying it would abide by a ceasefire,[54] to which the SAF later agreed, fighting continued for the seventh day.[55] Heavy shelling and gunfire was reported in Khartoum, Khartoum Bahri and Omdurman as the RSF accused the SAF of staging a "sweeping attack".[56] The SAF replied that it was "combing" the streets of Khartoum for the RSF,[53] using soldiers on foot.[57] Fighting was described as particularly intense along the highway going to Port Sudan and in the industrial zone of al-Bagair.[58] Fighting was also recorded in El-Obeid.[59] Al-Arabiya TV reported that the SAF had established full control over Merowe.[60]

22 April

Heavy fighting continued in Khartoum, particularly around the Presidential Palace and the airport.[61][62] Fighting also spread along the main road leading south-east out of the capital.[63]

23 April

A near-total Internet outage was reported across Sudan, with cybersecurity watchdog organization NetBlocks saying that Internet connectivity was at only 2 percent of usual levels. It suggested electricity shortages caused by attacks on the electric grid was the cause.[64]

The RSF claimed that they captured a military manufacturing facility in the neighborhood of Masoudiya in southeast Khartoum as well as another facility in Khartoum Bahri.[65] It also said one of its convoys assisting the evacuation of French nationals was attacked in Omdurman by a military jet, which it claimed to have shot down.[66] The SAF said the RSF tried to seize the El Jeili refinery north of Khartoum.[67]

Kobar jailbreak

A mass jailbreak was reported at the Kobar Prison in Khartoum after it was broken into by armed men.[68] A military official said it repelled an RSF attack on the prison saying a few other prisoners were killed or injured while high-profile inmates such as former President Omar al-Bashir were safely secured inside.[69] However, the SAF later said that Bashir had been transferred to the Aliyaa military hospital prior to the fighting.[70] The interior ministry said that the jailbreak at Kobar was part of a series of attacks on five prisons by the RSF from 21 to 24 April.[71] It said that the RSF raid on Kobar led to the deaths of two prison officials and the release of all detainees.[72] The total number of escapees from the attacks was estimated to be at about 25,000.[73]

Former interior minister Ahmad Harun, who is wanted by the International Criminal Court for war crimes in Darfur and was imprisoned after Bashir's ouster in 2019, said that he and other former officials of the Bashir regime had escaped during the attack with the help of prison guards and the armed forces.[74] He also voiced his support for the SAF in the conflict.[75] The SAF denied any involvement, saying it did not have jurisdiction over the prison system.[72]

24 April

The SAF accused the RSF of sabotaging the telecom exchange in Khartoum, leading to a nationwide loss of internet service[76] and reduced connectivity in Chad,[77] whose internet infrastructure is interconnected with Sudan. It is suspected that the RSF attacked telecommunications infrastructure to prevent the SAF from broadcasting programs of Sudan TV over the Internet.[78] Al-Arabiya reported that clashes had commenced in Geneina.[79] Seven people were reportedly killed in an air strike on a residential area in the Kalakla neighborhood of south Khartoum.[80] A 72-hour ceasefire was agreed between both sides that was set to start from midnight.[81] The RSF said that the aim of the ceasefire was to "establish humanitarian corridors, allowing citizens and residents to access essential resources, healthcare, and safe zones, while also evacuating diplomatic missions".[82]

25 April

See also: National Public Health Laboratory crisis

Despite the ceasefire, heavy artillery fire was reported in Omdurman, where a dozen people were injured after a hospital was hit,[83] while fighting continued in Khartoum and in Geneina, West Darfur, according to local sources.[84] The RSF was reported to have taken the town of Wad Banda in West Kordofan state. Gunfire was reported at Port Sudan Prison as the SAF accused the RSF of attacking jails. Internet access was partially restored in Khartoum after the state provider Sudatel was reconnected following attacks on its facilities.[85]

The World Health Organization expressed alarm over potential biological hazards after one of the warring sides, whom it did not identify, seized control of the National Public Health Laboratory containing measles, polio and cholera pathogens, among other hazardous substances,[86] and expelled the facility's technicians.[87]

Container shipping company AP Moller-Maersk announced it would stop taking new bookings of goods for Sudan.[88]

26 April

The RSF posted a video in which it claimed to be in control of the Garri oil refinery and power plant more than 70 kilometres (43 miles) north of Khartoum as fighting continued around the capital and more clashes were reported in West Kordofan and in West Darfur. A mob stormed the state headquarters of police in Geneina, West Darfur and seized weapons amid fears of intercommunal fighting.[89] Intercommunal clashes were reported in Blue Nile State.[90]

27 April

Despite the ongoing ceasefire, the SAF launched air strikes on RSF positions around the Presidential Palace and in Khartoum Bahri. Fighting also continued in Geneina.[91] The RSF accused the SAF of attacking its base in the Kafuri area of Khartoum Bahri.[92] Despite this, the ceasefire was later extended for an additional 72 hours.[93]

Observers reported that that the RSF was committing abuses against the civilian population in Darfur, particularly in Nyala and Geneina, such as arson, theft, looting, destruction of property and killing.[94] RSF soldiers were filmed outside Geneina's police headquarters.,[95] while the Deputy Police Director of West Darfur, Brigadier General Abdel-Baqi Al-Hassan Mohamed, was reportedly shot and killed.[89]

28 April

Despite the extension of the ceasefire, fighting continued in Khartoum, Khartoum Bahri and Omdurman.[96]

A Turkish evacuation plane was fired upon at Wadi Seidna Airbase and required repair after it sustained damage to its fuel system. There were no casualties reported. The SAF blamed the RSF for the attack, which it denied.[97] The RSF also claimed the capture of the SAF-controlled Hattab Operational Base in Khartoum, as well as 3 tanks and 9 cars within the base.[98] Intercommunal violence between Arabs and Masalit communities was reported in West Darfur.[99]

29 April

Heavy fighting continued in Khartoum and other conflict areas as Gen. Dagalo said insisted he would not negotiate with the SAF until the fighting stops and reiterated his accusations against the SAF donning RSF uniforms to blame them for atrocities committed during the conflict. Meanwhile, trenches were reported to have been set up in Khartoum by both sides as street-by-street fighting continued.[100]

30 April

The SAF announced it was launching an all-out attack to flush out the RSF in Khartoum using air strikes and heavy artillery. Drone strikes were reported at RSF positions near a major oil refinery,[101] while video emerged showing a building of the Central Bank of Sudan on fire following heavy fighting.[102] The Sudanese police announced it had deployed its Central Reserve Forces in the streets of Khartoum to maintain law and order.[103] The unit, which had been sanctioned by the US government for its role in suppressing prodemocracy protests after the 2021 coup, had been warned by the RSF not to intervene in the conflict.[104] The unit later said that it had arrested 316 "rebels", referring to the RSF.[105]

Local authorities in Khartoum placed civil servants on open-ended leave.[106]

May 2023

1 May

The SAF said it had reduced the RSF's combat capabilities to 55% and thwarted several RSF advances around the country, including offensives from the western regions, along the northwestern border and a third heading from el-Baghir to Jabal Awliya.[107] Air strikes were reported in Omdurman,[108] while fighting continued around the Presidential Palace and in Khartoum Bahri.[109] Clashes were reported to have spread to the neighborhood of al-Jerif.[110]

2 May

The RSF claimed to have shot down a MiG fighter jet during air strikes by the SAF over Khartoum.[111]

3 May

Fighting continued in Khartoum, Omdurman and Khartoum Bahri. The UN's head of emergency relief Martin Griffiths arrived in Port Sudan to inspect aid operations.[112]

4 May

Clashes continued in Khartoum, with shelling being reported in Omdurman.[113] The Sudanese government reported that almost 5,000 people have been injured since the conflict began on 15 April.[114] UN relief head Martin Griffiths said that the "will to end the fight still was not there" after he spoke with the leaders of the RSF and SAF.[115] Protesters surrounded the residence of UN Special Envoy Volker Perthes in Port Sudan and demanded his departure. He had previously been a target of protests by pro-military and Islamist groups.[116]

5 May

6 May

The Turkish government announced that its embassy in Khartoum would be moved to Port Sudan, after the Turkish ambassador's car was struck by gunfire. Both sides of the conflict blamed the other for responsibility in the attack.[117]

8 May

Fighting took place in Khartoum Bahri around an army base in the Shambat neighborhood and a bridge controlled by the RSF in the Halfiya neighborhood. The SAF also detained two prodemocracy activists in the city, accusing them of supporting the RSF.[118] The two, who were volunteer medical workers, were arrested for allegedly driving a stolen ambulance but were later released.[119]

9 May

The RSF accused the Sudanese Armed Forces of carrying out an air strike that destroyed the Old Republican Palace,[120][121] which the latter denied.[122]

10 May

Residents in Omdurman said that artillery shells struck the The Mahdi's tomb and that widespread looting took place at the Libyan Souq. Pictures sent to the BBC by a Khartoum resident appeared to contradict the RSF's claims of the destruction of the old Presidential Palace but showed the offices in the New Republican Palace appearing to have been severely damaged by a fire.[123]

11 May

The United Nations Human Rights Council narrowly decided to beef up monitoring of abuses amid the conflict in Sudan, despite opposition from the Sudanese government. 18 members voted in favor of a resolution calling for an end to the violence and broadening the mandate of a UN expert on Sudan to include monitoring of abuses "arising directly from the current conflict", while 15 members voted against and 14 abstained.[124] UNICEF said that a factory in Khartoum producing food for malnourished children was burned down.[125]

12 May

During negotiations in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, the SAF and the RSF signed an agreement to allow safe passage for people leaving battle zones, protect relief workers and not to use civilians as human shields. However, there was no agreement towards a cessation of hostilities as air strikes and shelling in Khartoum.[126] Fighting broke out again in Geneina, leaving 77 people dead. Sudan's civil aviation authority extended the closure of the country's airspace to all but humanitarian and evacuation flights until 31 May.[127]

13 May

The SAF and the RSF traded blame for an attack on the Blessed Church in Omdurman[128] which injured five people including a priest. The SAF also accused the RSF of attacking two hospitals in Khartoum while the RSF accused the SAF of "assassinating” an official of a football federation, Amir Hasaballah.[128] Fighting continued in Geneina, where the death toll since the resumption of clashes the previous day reached 100, including an imam at the city’s mosque.[129]

14 May

Burhan ordered the freezing of bank accounts of the RSF and its affiliates.[130] He also ordered the sacking of Central Bank governor Hussain Yahia Jankol and his replacement by his deputy, Borai El Siddiq, without giving an explanation.[131] Sudan TV resumed its satellite broadcasts after going off air for a week.[132][failed verification]

15 May

The Sharq el-Nil Hospital in Khartoum was reported to have been hit by an air strike.[133] The Somali embassy in Khartoum was ransacked and looted by RSF fighters.[134]

In a voice message, the RSF's General Dagalo vowed to keep fighting and said that he would ensure that his rival, General Burhan, would be captured, tried, and then hanged in a public square.[135]

16 May

Burhan ordered the sacking of acting Interior Minister and concurrent general director of police Anan Hamed Mohammed Omar, appointing Khalid Hassan Muhyi al-Din as head of police amid observations of police inaction during the conflict.[136][failed verification]

The death toll from the renewed fighting in Geneina rose to over 350 as reports continued of Arab militias loyal to the RSF attacking, looting and burning homes.[137][failed verification]

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