40 (number)

40 (forty) is the natural number following 39 and preceding 41. In English, forty is the only number whose constituent letters appear in alphabetical order. Note that "40" is not written as "fourty" with a "u".

Template:Numbers 40s
Cardinal	40 forty
Ordinal	40th fortieth
Factorization	$2^{3}\cdot 5$
Divisors	1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 40
Roman numeral	XL
Roman numeral (Unicode)	XL, xl
Binary	101000
Octal	50
Duodecimal	34
Hexadecimal	28

In mathematics

Forty is an octagonal number, and as the sum of the first four pentagonal numbers, it is a pentagonal pyramidal number. Adding up some subsets of its divisors (e.g., 1, 4, 5, 10 and 20) gives 40, hence 40 is a semiperfect number.

Given 40, the Mertens function returns 0. 40 is the smallest number n with exactly 9 solutions to the equation φ(x) = n.

Forty is the number of n-queens problem solutions for n = 7.

40 is a repdigit in base 3 (1111) and a Harshad number in base 10.

In science

• The atomic number of zirconium.
• Negative forty is the temperature at which the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales correspond; that is, −40°F = −40°C. It is referred to as either "minus forty" or "forty below".

Astronomy

• Messier object M40, a magnitude 9.0 double star in the constellation Ursa Major
• The New General Catalogue object NGC 40, a magnitude 12.4 planetary nebula in the constellation Cepheus
• The Saros number of the
  • solar eclipse series which began on -1653 May 28 and ended on -373 July 4. The duration of Saros series 40 was 1280.1 years, and it contained 72 solar eclipses.
  • lunar eclipse series which began on -1387 February 12 and ended on -71 April 12. The duration of Saros series 40 was 1316.2 years, and it contained 74 lunar eclipses.

In religion

The number 40 is significant in Jewish, Christian, Islamic, and other Middle Eastern traditions, it can also represent a rough calculation huge sum of units.

• "Forty days and forty nights" describes the period for which rain fell during Noah's flood
• "Forty days" was the length of the period that the twelve spies explored the Promised Land (Numbers 13)
• "Forty years" was the length of Israel's wandering in the wilderness. This period of years represents a generation, that is, the time it takes for a new generation to arise.
• Moses' life is divided into three 40-year segments, separated by his fleeing from Egypt, and his return to lead the people out.
• Several Israelite leaders and kings are said to have ruled for "forty years", that is, a generation. (Examples: Eli, Saul, David, Solomon.)
• According to the Midrash, Moses spent three consecutive periods of "forty days and forty nights" on Mount Sinai:

1. He went up on the seventh day of Sivan, after God gave the Torah to the Jewish people, in order to learn the Torah from God, and came down on the seventeenth day of Tammuz, when he saw the Jews worshiping the Golden Calf and broke the tablets
2. He went up on the eighteenth day of Tammuz to beg forgiveness for the people's sin and came down without God's atonement on the twenty-ninth day of Av
3. He went up on the first day of Elul and came down on the tenth day of Tishrei, the first Yom Kippur, with God's atonement

• Rabbi Akiva, the greatest expositor of the Oral Torah, only began learning how to read Hebrew when he was 40 years old
• A mikvah consists of 40 se'ah (approximately 200 gallons) of water
• 40 lashes is one of the punishments meted out by the Sanhedrin (in actual practice, only 39 lashes were administered)
• "Forty days and forty nights" was the period Jesus spent fasting in the wilderness, after which he was tempted by Satan.
• Forty days was the period from Jesus' resurrection till his ascension into heaven.
• In modern Christian practice, Lent consists of the 40 days preceding Easter. In much of Western Christianity Sundays are excluded from the count; in Eastern Christianity Sundays are included.
• The dead are usually mourned for forty days in Muslim cultures
• Ad-Dajjal roams around the Earth in forty days, forty days that can be as many as forty months, forty years, and so on.
• Khadijah is said to be forty years old when she married Muhammad
• Muhammad is said to be forty years old when he first received the relevation delivered by an angel
• Some Russians believe that ghosts of the dead linger at the site of their death for forty days
• In Eternalism, 40 is believed to be the number of the Corrupter, the Anti-Christ in Christianity, and is formed from the numbers 18+1+6+6+9. This also spells Raffi with correct numero-alphabetic translation.
• In Hindu religion, forty number is having a special significance, like 'Hanuman Chalisa'.Shrikant soman 05:53, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

In Islamic Culture

During both the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars, as well as in many instances in the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Islamic side has often reported casualties using the number "40". They may say that 40 Muslims or civilians were killed, or that 40 of their enemies were killed. This can reflect a desire to use a religiously significant number for propaganda purposes. It can also reflect the fact that "40" in the Arab world can simply mean "a lot" or "many", much in the same way that westerners use the term "dozens".

In other fields

Forty is also:

• in the Saying "Life begins at forty"
• in the expression "forty winks", meaning a short sleep
• the distance run in the 40 yard dash in American football scouting
• A song by Dave Matthews Band
• the number of years of marriage as the ruby wedding anniversary
• the code for direct dial international phone calls to Romania
• the number in the designation of:
  • Interstate 40, a freeway that runs from California to North Carolina
  • U.S. Route 40, the 800-mile highway that runs from Baltimore, Maryland, to Vandalia, Illinois, being synonymous with the National Highway
  • European route E40 from Calais to Ridder
  • the A40 and M40, important highways in the UK. The A40 is a trunk road in England and Wales, connecting London to Fishguard. The M40 motorway is the second motorway in the British transport network to connect London to Birmingham
• "40", a 1983 song by U2 from their album War
• "40 Feet" is the title of a song by Franz Ferdinand
• The band Crush 40
• in the title of the Food Network show $40 a Day
• in the name of WD-40, a spray lubricant
• in the name of the food additive FD & C Red Dye #40, commonly known as "Red 40"
• the 40 ounce size used for liquor, typically fairly cheap malt beer; a person sometimes "pours a forty on the curb", i.e., pours out said bottle onto the street, in memory of a person who has died
• the number of thieves in Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, from Thousand and One Nights (both the numbers 40 and 1001 are more likely to mean "many" than to indicate a specific number)
• the customary number of hours in a regular workweek in some Western countries
• the classic Russian vodka is alcohol content 40 percent by volume
• the jersey number of Pat Tillman, which was retired by the Arizona Cardinals
• the number of wires in a Parallel ATA-cable
• Form 1040 (referred to as a "ten-forty") is a standard Internal Revenue Service form used to file for federal taxes in the United Sates
• UB40 is a form for those claiming unemployment benefits in the United Kingdom. The band UB40 was named after this form
• Rolling Stones CD "Forty Licks"
• David Stremme's Nextel Cup Series number for Chip Ganassi Racing

Historical years

40 A.D., 40 B.C., 1940, 2040, etc.

See also

• 40 acres and a mule