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British Rail Class 44

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Derby Type 4
British Rail Class 44
44 010 "Tryfan" heads a freight train on the Birmingham-Peterborough line, in Leicestershire, April 1976.
Type and origin
Power typeDiesel-electric
BuilderBritish Railways’ Derby Works
Build date1959–1960
Total produced10
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • UIC(1′Co)(Co1′)
 • Commonwealth1Co-Co1
Gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Wheel diameter3 ft 9 in (1.143 m)
Minimum curve5 chains (100 m)
Wheelbase59 ft 8 in (18.19 m)
Length67 ft 11 in (20.70 m)
Width8 ft 10+1⁄2 in (2.71 m)
Height12 ft 10 in (3.91 m)
Loco weight133 long tons (135 t; 149 short tons)
Fuel capacity840 imp gal (3,800 L; 1,010 US gal)
Prime moverSulzer 12LDA28-A
Engine typeDiesel
GeneratorCrompton Parkinson GC426-A1
Traction motorsSix Crompton Parkinson C171-B1
MU working★ Blue Star
Train heatingSteam
Train brakesVacuum
Performance figures
Maximum speed90 mph (145 km/h)
Power outputEngine: 2,300 bhp (1,715 kW)
At rail: 1,800 hp (1,342 kW)
Tractive effortMaximum: 50,000 lbf (222 kN)
Brakeforce63 long tons-force (628 kN)
Career
OperatorsBritish Railways
NumbersD1–D10; later 44 001–44 010
NicknamesPeak
Axle load classRoute availability 7
Withdrawn1976-1980
DispositionTwo preserved, remainder scrapped

The British Rail Class 44 or Sulzer Type 4 diesel locomotives were built by British Railways' Derby Works between 1959 and 1960, intended for express passenger services. They were originally numbered D1-D10 and named after mountains in England and Wales, and, along with the similar Class 45 and 46 locomotives, they became known as Peaks.

Overview

In part inspired by LMS prototypes 10000 and 10001, and by Southern Railway 10201-10203, the Class 44 diesels were some of the first big diesels commissioned for the British Rail modernisation project and were the precursors to the Class 45 and Class 46 locomotives of similar design. They were originally designed to have a Co-Co wheel arrangement, but it proved impossible to keep below the 20 long tons (20,000 kg) axle loading limit imposed by the British Railways Civil Engineer. A 1-Co bogie design originally used on the Southern Railway 10201 was used instead.[1]

Construction began in the summer of 1958, although the first example was not completed until April 1959. The ten locomotives were originally allocated to Camden motive power depot and used on the West Coast Main Line, although also often seen on the Midland Main Line.[2] However, with the advent of large numbers of Class 45 locomotives the 10 Class 44 locomotives were transferred to Toton.[3]

Powertrain

A 2,300 bhp Sulzer 12LDA28-A diesel engine drove a Crompton Parkinson GC426-A1 main generator which supplied power to six Crompton Parkinson C171-B1 traction motors.[4] When initially put into service, the locomotives were fitted with multiple working.

They were geared for 90 mph running, although D2 was experimentally geared to run faster than this and was also fitted temporarily with the first intercooled 2,500 bhp B model of the engine. In 1962 it managed 110 mph with three-coach test trains on the West Coast Main Line. This was not intended as a high-speed trial of the Peaks, but to study the condition of the line, before electrification and sustained high-speed running over it.[5]

By 1960, the next batch of Peaks, D11 and the class 45s, were in production. These had lowered motor gearing from 62/17 to 57/22 which reduced the tractive effort, but also reduced traction motor rpm at speed and so reduced the risk of flashover.[4] In 1961, the same gearing change was applied to the class 44s, reducing their continuous tractive effort from 41,000 to 29,000 lbf.[6]

Teething troubles

D1 Scafell Pike at Stafford on the WCML working a passenger train, 14 April 1960

The class suffered 'a considerable amount of early "teething trouble"' during the early 1960s.[7] The bogies suffered from frame fractures. The vacuum exhausters gave trouble, as did the auxiliary motor, the original batteries supplied were also inadequate and soon became exhausted. The main problem with the exhausters was that they were mounted in the centre of the engine room and so had to be lifted through the roof by crane, taking 8–12 hours to change.[8] The truss girder used for the body sides meant that there was no access through the sides of the bodywork.[9] Considerable trouble was experienced with the water tanks for the steam heating boilers due to fractures.[8]

Once the class 45 units were available, the locomotives were re-assigned to Toton and freight duties, and the steam heating boilers were removed.

D5 Cross Fell at Long Eaton with a train of 16 tonne mineral wagons, May 1962

Operations

The class worked regularly over the West Coast Main Line for a couple of years prior to its electrification, and also between London St Pancras and Manchester Central. Once they were consigned to Freight services, they mostly operated in the East Midlands, all being allocated to Toton until withdrawal.

Renumbering, withdrawal and preservation

The class was renumbered 44 001-010 with the adoption of the Total Operations Processing System in the early 1970s. Withdrawal of the whole class took place between 1976 and 1980.

Table of withdrawals
Year Quantity in
service at
start of year		 Quantity
withdrawn		 Locomotive numbers Notes
1976 10 2 44001/03
1977 8 2 44006/10
1978 6 1 44005
1979 5 2 44002/09
1980 3 3 44004/07–08 44004 and 44008 are preserved.

Two locomotives have survived to preservation.

Number(s)
(Current in bold) 		Name Livery Location Image Notes
D4 44 004 Great Gable BR Blue Midland Railway - Butterley Owning group Peak Locomotive Company
D8 44 008 Penyghent BR Green Peak Rail Privately owned

Fleet details

Numbers Name Withdrawn Disposal details Image
Pre-TOPS TOPS
D1 44 001 Scafell Pike October 1976 Scrapped at Derby Works (February 1977)
D2 44 002 Helvellyn February 1979 Scrapped at Derby Works (October 1979)
D3 44 003 Skiddaw July 1976 Scrapped at Derby Works (August 1976)
D4 44 004 Great Gable November 1980 Preserved at Midland Railway – Butterley
D5 44 005 Cross Fell April 1978 Scrapped at Derby Works (November 1978)
D6 44 006 Whernside January 1977 Scrapped at Derby Works (February 1978)
D7 44 007 Ingleborough November 1980 Scrapped at Derby Works (November 1981)
D8 44 008 Penyghent November 1980 Preserved at Peak Rail, Matlock, Derbyshire
D9 44 009 Snowdon March 1979 Scrapped at Derby Works (July 1980)
D10 44 010 Tryfan May 1977 Scrapped at Derby Works (July 1978)

References

  1. ^ Brian Webb (1978). Sulzer Locomotives of British Rail. Newton Abbott: David and Charles. p. 29. ISBN 0-7153-7514-8.
  2. ^ Webb (1978), 35-5.
  3. ^ British Railways Locoshed Book 1974 edition. Shepperton: Ian Allan. 1974. p. 30. ISBN 0-7110-0558-3.
  4. ^ a b "class 44, D1, 44001, Scafell Pike, BR Sulzer Type 4". Derbysulzers.com. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  5. ^ Webb (1978), p. 32.
  6. ^ Diagram Book MT 25. British Railways. 1974.
  7. ^ "A review of motive power changes, British Railways 1960-62". Locomotive Stock Book 1963. Railway Correspondence and Travel Society. 1963. p. 6.
  8. ^ a b Webb (1978), p. 31.
  9. ^ Webb (1978), p. 29.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to British Rail Class 44.
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