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Rossall School

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Rossall School
Rossall Crest
Location
Map
Fleetwood
,
Lancashire

England England
Information
TypeIndependent & Co-educational
MottoMens Agitat Molem
'Mind Over Matter'
FounderRevd. Canon St. Vincent Beechey
HeadmasterMr. Timothy J. Wilbur (Leaving summer 2008)
ChaplainRevd. Stephen Cooper
Years offered7 - VIth Form
CampusSemi-Rural
Colour(s)Red, White and Navy Blue      
AffiliationsChurch of England
Main SportsFives, Hockey, Shooting, Basketball, Rugby
Websitewww.rossall.co.uk

Rossall School is a British, co-educational, public school in between Cleveleys and Fleetwood, Lancashire.

It was founded in 1844 by St. Vincent Beechey as a sister school to Marlborough College which had been founded the previous year. Its establishment was "to provide, at a moderate cost, for the sons of Clergymen and others, a classical, mathematical and general education of the highest class, and to do all things necessary, incidental, or conducive to the attainment of the above objects."[1] Set in a 161 acre estate next to Rossall Beach, Rossall is also a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and was granted a royal charter on October 21, 1890.[2] It accepts students between the ages of 11 and 18 and also has an associated preparatory school.

Rossall Today

The daily timetable consists of 5 one hour schools (periods) a day: with a break between schools 2 & 3 and lunch after school 3. With optional activities after school.[3] Tea is also offered to boarders. Lessons are from Monday to Friday and Saturday morning. It offers both A-levels and the International Baccalaureate Diploma to its Sixth form students.[4]

The Gazebo

School Uniform

The school uniform consists of a blue blazer, white shirt, tie, grey/black trousers and black shoes. Members of the sixth form may wear a dark suit, whilst the School Captains may wear a distinctive striped blazer. Each house has its own set of ties based on the house colours. There are also a variety of colours and half-colours ties given as a reward for those who have achieved things for their house or for the school. House Captains automatically qualify for full house colours and School Captains automatically qualify for full school colours. There are also ties for School Monitors, who may also wear a coloured shirt.

School Discipline

In the lower years of the school a system of 'excellents' and 'distinctions' is employed. These are given for good academic or extra-curricular work and the number of points are tallied up at the end of each term, the person with the most points being awarded a trophy. The school also has a system of detentions known as punishment schools. P.S.s are administered for any normal misdemeanor and are much like a detention in other schools - an hour of supervised work outside of the normal timetable.

For more serious misdeeds, a boy is summoned from his lessons to talk to the Head Master personally about his misdeeds. This is known as The Bill. These meetings may result in suspension from school. If a pupil is suspendended three times they are expelled.There are also more peculiar punishments that can be administered at the discretion of the teachers and housemasters if they catch pupils doing certain activities. For example, if a pupil is caught smoking then they will be forced to go litter-picking - usually picking up any cigartte butts that found on and around the campus. If a pupil misses the school cross-country competition without reason then their housemaster may force them to do the run as an early morning run on a day of their choosing. If a pupil misses lessons then they may be subject to gating - this involves having to have a timetable signed every hour between 8am and 6pm to ensure the pupil is where they should be at all times. If the pupil is a boarder gating will apply from 8am to 10pm and only school uniform is to be worn.

Monitors

The school offers various levels of responsibility to the sixth form students. The monitors may be chosen for various reasons, with some becoming monitors by default, for example House Captains automatically become school monitors, as does the captain of rugby.

Role Appointed By Duties
House Monitor Housemaster Usually have to take certain rolls, ensure house duties and punishments are enforced for missing chapel or roll and maintain the status quo in the house.
School Monitor Housemaster & Headmaster The running of the school chapel services and the running of the dining hall at meal-times
House Captain Housemaster Ensuring that house monitors do their job properly, creating rotas for their House Monitors, helping with social problems within the house and organising house teams for inter-house competitions.
School Captain Headmaster Organising all of the School Monitors as well attending other functions on behalf of the school. Historically the school captain was allowed to keep a goat, grow a beard or moustache and smoke a pipe in school hours, though few school captains of recent years have exercised such powers.[5]

School Activities

There are 64 clubs and societies currently in operation at Rossall. Amongst them are the more traditional such as Rugby, Football, Fives and Hockey but there are also many other unique clubs such as the Croquet Club, Literary Society and Astronomy Club, the latter making use of the school's telescope and planetarium.[6] Rossall plays host to a number of inter-school tournaments throughout the year - in recent years these have included hockey, prep school rugby and basketball. The most notable tournament is its fives competition which attracts the likes of Lancing, Malvern, Uppingham and Shrewsbury.[7]

School Choirs

Rossall has numerous school choirs including the Beecham Singers, a choir principally for those in the local community to join. The Beecham Singers give regular recitals throughout the year, often for charity. The school's chapel choir has gained an excellent reputation in recent years. The choir is performing at increasingly important and impressive venues, most notably over the past few years at York Minster. The choir's most high profile recital came in the summer of 2007 when they went on tour of Paris culminating in a performance at Notre Dame Cathedral.[8]

CCF

Rossall is also noted for being the first school in the United Kingdom to form a Combined Cadet Force (CCF),[9] being founded in February 1860 with the threat of a French/Irish Catholic invasion at its height. Other schools such as Eton College drew up their corps a few months later. The institution is still present in the school today with around 100 cadets currently enlisted. In recent years the shooting team has excelled with notable victories in the Home Guard Cup and Loyal’s Regimental Cup.[10]

Rossallian Jargon

The "Dick Richards Pavillion"
  • Big School - The Main Assembly Hall
  • Bully - A term from Ross Hockey. A bully is the scrum-like element of the game that requires 8 people from both teams.
  • Brew Room - The small kitchens in each house in which the students may prepare food for themselves.
  • Chagger - The nickname for the houses changing rooms.
  • Chit - A small note that is filled out to purchase clothes or stationery from Rosshop.
  • Common Room - The name of the Teachers Lounge. Teachers are known as members of Common Room.
  • Congers - Congregational hymn practice in chapel.
  • The Cop - The dyke that runs around Rossall - most noticeable around the playing fields.
  • The Gazebo - The small structure with the flagpole that sits atop the mound next to Mitre Fleur-de-Lys. The gazebo is the oldest structure at Rossall, dating from no later than 1733. (See picture above)
  • Gating - Pupils are gated as the worst form of punishment before expulsion or suspension. Students who are gated are only allowed to wear their school uniform and must stay within the school grounds, usually in the house. There are also usually extra punishments involved such as litter-picking or essay writing. This is most often given for smoking, drinking or skipping lessons.
  • Moni's Lawn - The elevated area of grass next to the dining hall on which only school monitors can walk
  • Nagger - The nickname for the Matron's office where laundry is cleaned etc.
  • Nagger Bag - The name of the bags in each house used to pick up and carry the students' laundry to Nagger.
  • The Needle Room - a small room in nagger where sartorial repair and name-tagging of clothes occurs
  • P.S. (Punishment School) - The Rossall equivalent of detention
  • Roll - Registration in Houses
  • Rossall Fives - Rossall's unique version of fives - an amalgamation of Rugby, Winchester and Eton Fives - though it resembles Rugby Fives more than the other two codes.
  • Rossall Hockey (Ross Hockey) - A relatively famous[11] game unique to Rossall - a cross between Rugby and Hockey played on the beach in the harshest winter months.
  • Rosshop - Rossall's own shop which sells the school's uniform, sports equipment etc.
  • Senior Club - The sixth form bar
  • Shore - A Ross Hockey pitch
  • The Square - The main school quad
  • Zephyr - A rugby top
  • The Bin - The Headmaster

The Carmen

The Rossall School song, The Carmen was composed in 1868 by Dr. Charles H. Lloyd, later organist at Gloucester Cathedral and Christ Church College and then Director of Music at Eton. It is sung at major school events including Old Rossallian dinners and end of term assemblies. Tradition has it that when singing it one must stand up on a bench/chair and belt it out with appropriate gusto. Usually only the first verse is sung, however there are 3 full verses. Here are the first and last verses with poetic, English translation.[12]

Rossall School Main Square. Big School (Far Left), Rose House Under Refurbisment, Archway (Centre), Common Room (Grey Building on right), Sumner Library (Far Right)

The full lyrics:

Latin (As sung) Loose English Translation
Concinamus admirantes

Propter fluctus aestuantes
Stantem te, Rossallia!
Alma mater, te bibamus,
Tui calices poscamus!
Hanc sententium decamus,
Floreat Rossallia!


Ornet inconcussa virtus,
Rara Fides, honor certus;
Te colant, Rossallia!
Hinc per saecla saeculorum
Fama crescat; vox tuorum
Una surgat filiorum,
Floreat Rossallia!

Children of the Billowy Ocean

Let us sing with deep emotion,
Rossall, life and fame to thee!
From thy founts of sacred learning,
Let us drink with thirst returning,
All our hearts with wishes burning,
Rossall love and fame to thee!

Be thy motto, Truth outspoken,
Manly Virtue, Faith unbroken;
Rossall, let these dwell with thee!
Never dying, may thy glory
Still live on in heart and story;
Love be fresh when time is hoary,
Rossall still to feel for thee!

Houses

Like many independent schools Rossall adopted a house system early on, with each pupil belonging to a house. It forms an integral part of life at the school and there are frequent inter-house events in sports as well as the arts. The current houses are:

Spread Eagle House
House Name Student's Gender Part of: Houseparent House Colours Founded House Type Current House Captain
Anchor Boys + Girls Middle School Mr. & Mrs. C. Parsons     2004 Boarding N/a
Dragon Boys + Girls Middle School Mr. K. Sullivan     2006 Day N/a
Falcon Boys + Girls Middle School Mrs L. Furniss     2006 Day N/a
Stag's Head Boys + Girls Middle School Mrs J. Cross     2006 Day N/a
Lugard Boys Boys ISC Mr. I. Moore     1985 Boarding N/a
Lugard Girls Girls ISC Miss J. Mercer     1985 Boarding N/a
Dolphin Girls Senior School Mrs. A. Jurczak     1980 Day Maria Guisasola
Maltese Cross Boys Senior School Mr. S. Hoffman     1886 Boarding + Day Michael Docherty
Mitre Fleur-de-Lys Boys Senior School Mr. S. Corrie       1875 Boarding + Day Max Nelder
Pelican Boys Senior School Mr. J. Riding     1888 Boarding + Day Thomas Cope
Rose Girls Senior School Mrs. K. Griffiths     1884 Boarding Hebe Chen
Spread Eagle Boys Senior School Mr. I. McCleary     1868 Boarding + Day James Barker

History

1844 to 1914

Rossall Sumner Library (Formerly the school chapel)

Having been founded in 1844, on land that had historically belonged to the Allen Family, Rossall nearly shut down in its infancy because huge outbreaks of Scarlet Fever - not unusual for boarding schools of the time. The foundation stone to the Sumner Library was laid in 1848 by the first ever Bishop of Manchester, James Prince Lee - the diocese having only been created that same year. Rossall's swift and successful development can be seen by its inclusion in the book 'The Great Schools of England.'[13]

The current chapel was constructed in the 1860s and the school underwent further development from the 1880s to 1900 to accommodate more students and to create further facilities such as the gym which still stands. It was in this period, under the reign of Revd. Robert Henniker, that one particularly unpopular school chaplain, Revd. Sleap, was subject to an assassination attempt from the students. Arsenic in the sugar was the means chosen by the students to rid the school of the hated priest. However, the plot was outed before any of the affected sugar was consumed.[14]

Depsite such incidents, Rossall was widely considered to be in top 30 public schools in the UK by the end of Queen Victoria's reign[15] also earning itself a place in the Public Schools Yearbook and the Public School News section of the Cambridge Review.[16]

However in 1911 Rossall encountered another crisis when the Rossall Bursar, Major Anstead (A very peculiar chap who was always seen riding a horse in full military uniform.), was found to be attempting to enlist in London for military service in South Africa. The Rossallian who spotted him informed the police. Simultaneously, Rossall was nearly forced to file for bankruptcy. After investigation it was discovered that Major Anstead had been producing false account books and had embezzled over £70,000, equivalent to more than £1million today. He had used the money to finance his extravagant lifestyle, uniforms and an expensive mistress in London.[14] Despite these difficulties, by the end of the 1920s Rossall's academic results were amongst the best in the country with record numbers achieving scholarships to Oxbridge and attaining distinctions in the Higher Certificate examinations.[17]

1914 to 1945

Rossall International Study Centre, formerly the largest Headmaster's House in the UK

During the world wars large numbers of Old Rossallians lost their lives in combat, 283 in World War One alone[18] - the majority of whom are now commemorated in the extension memorial chapel. Rossall has had the privilege of being allowed to have a memorial plaque placed at St Georges Chapel by the Menin Gate in honour of its fallen, alongside schools such as Rugby, Eton and Harrow.[18]

Before the Second World War Rossall had made plans to accommodate Westminster School[19] however these plans were scrapped when the government seized the campus for its own departments, the Office of Works, Board of Education and Ministry of Pensions, forcing Rossall up to Naworth Castle.[19]When the school got the campus back in 1940 it looked to take a school from the south-east in, as Westminster had now found an alternative solution. The eventual choice was that of Alleyn's who had to be evacuated from London as a result of the risk of bombing.[19]

Another side effect of the war was that there was only one centenary dinner celebrating the 100th year of Rossall. Rather more unusual was the fact that it was conducted by Old Rossallians imprisoned in Changi Jail - a Japanese Prisoner of War camp.[20]

1945 to Present

An ariel view of the Rossall estate today

The school left the 1940s in good health, even attracting Benjamin Britten to give a concert in Big School in 1954. It continued to succeed and in the 1970s, in a bid to ensure the highest standards during a period of declining boarding, girls were allowed to enroll. Throughout the 1980s the school continued to prosper, though going through great financial difficulty at the turn of the millennium.

Rossall has since had a large amount of investment, with the boarding houses currently undergoing refurbishment and large restructuring throughout the years. The middle school now runs from years 7 to 9, one year longer than traditionally. As a part of the modernising of the school the IB was introduced as an alternative to A-Levels towards the end of the 1990s, being only the 3rd school in the UK to do so, and there is now also a large international boarding contingent.

Rossall is still committed to relatively affordable private education in relation to the rest of the UK - 80% of those who attend the school are the first in their family to attend an independent schooland a large number of scholarships and bursaries are available.[21] 2007 saw the return of the Rossall Summer School - developed to give children from outside of the UK the opportunity to develop their English speaking skills as well as being a chance for those thinking of going to a boarding school to prepare for the change in daily lifestyle.

In December 2007 it was announced that the current headmaster, Tim Wilbur, would be leaving at the end of the academic year. A search is currently underway to find a new headmaster.[22]

Rossall Architecture

The Archway

Rossall School Archway

This is perhaps Rossall's most prominent architectural feature. It was erected in 1867, under the reign of William Osborne. Unfortuantely records do not survive to inform us who designed it.[23] What can be said though is that it is clearly modelled on the entrance gates of the Oxbridge colleges. It originally had large wooden doors which were locked at night however these have since been removed for improvements in access.[24]

The Chapel

It the 1860s a new school chapel was built to cope with the increasing number of students, the old chapel serving, as it does today, as the school library. The new chapel was designed by Edward Graham Paley,[25] extended by Robert Lorimer and includes numerous carvings by Eric Gill.[26] The chapel organ was designed by Harrison & Harrison.[27]

The Dining Hall

The original school dining hall burnt down in the 1920s. The replacement, the current dining hall, was designed by Sir Hubert Worthington.[28] The design was not without fault however - it was constructed from bricks encased in a weatherable coating that would dissolve away to leave it looking in the same condition as the rest of the square. Despite the best efforts of the north Lancashire climate and the Irish Sea, the bricks have yet to fully weather, or in most cases weather in any way at all. Hence its peculiar colour compared with the rest of the Rossall buildings. The largest section of wood panelling behind the headmaster's table in the dining hall is made from an oak tree that grew in the back garden of George Mallory.[29] It is likely that it is the largest school dining hall in the country.[30]

There are four coats of arms attached to the exterior of the dining hall to commemorate the various families associated with Rossall over the years; The Allen Family for the historic owners of the site, The Hesketh Family for the most recent owners of the site prior to the school, The Fleetwood Family for Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood who originally loaned Rossall Hall for the opening of the school and The Beechey Family for the founder of the school, The Revd. St. Vincent Beechey.[31]

Canberra Grammar School

Stone from Rossall can be found in the cloisters of Canberra Grammar School along with stones from Eton, Westminster, St Paul's, Charterhouse, Uppingham, Clifton, Tonbridge, Shrewsbury, Sherborne, Wellington, Cheltenham, Repton and Radley.[32]

Old Rossallians

Main article: Notable Old Rossallians
The Old Rossallian Tie

Many notable people have studied at Rossall over the years.

The school alumni society is called the Rossallian Club. The Rossallian Club has numerous gatherings every year all over the UK and, with the advent of a large international boarding contingent in recent years, all over the world - the first ever OR meal in Germany took place in 2006. The school also has its own masonic lodge, founded in 1928, that meets three times a year at Freemasons's Hall in London. It is part of the Public School Lodges Council and is open to any Old Rossallian who wishes to join.[33]

Rossall's alumni are one of only nine schools to have won the Halford Hewitt Public Schools Golf Tournament more than twice. The schools are (in order of victories): Charterhouse (16), Harrow (11), Eton (10), Tonbridge (6), Rugby (5), Watson's (4), Rossall (3), Shrewsbury (3), Merchiston (3). Rossall is also positioned 8th overall in the Anderson Scale of past performances in the competition.[34]

Headmasters of Rossall

Inside the Sumner Library
First year at Rossall Final year at Rossall Name Education Career after Rossall
1844 1849 Dr John Woolley London and Oxford First Principal of the University of Sydney.
1849 1869 Rev. William Alexander Osborne Cambridge Retired after Rossall
1870 1875 Rev. Robert Henniker Charterhouse and Oxford
1875 1886 Dr. Herbert Armitage James Oxford Headmaster of Cheltenham and Rugby.
1886 1896 Rev. Charles Coverdale Tancock Oxford Headmaster of Tonbridge
1896 1908 Rev. Dr. John Pearce Way Oxford
1908 1932 Rev. Canon Edward John Walford Houghton Sherborne & Oxford
1932 1937 Harold George Michael Clarke St Paul's & Cambridge Headmaster of Repton
1937 1957 Rev. Charles Edgar Young Charterhouse & Oxford
1957 1967 Geoffrey Sale
1967 1973 Roger Wykeham Ellis Headmaster of Marlborough.
1973 1987 Dr John Sharp Keighley Grammar & Oxford Retired after Rossall
1987 2001 Richard David Walton Rhodes Rossall and Durham Retired after Rossall
2001 2008 Timothy Wilbur Kent and Loughborough Headmaster of Wanganui Collegiate School

Lawrence House Astronomy & Space Science Centre

The refurbished Rossall Observatory. (Inset - the observatory before restoration)

Rossall is also home to the Lawrence House Astronomy & Space Science Centre - the only centre dedicated solely to the teaching of Astronomy[35]. The project consists of the telescope in Rossall's Assheton Observatory as well as a building of its own containing a lecture theatre, classrooms and a portable planetarium. The telescope is of particular note - being 12 feet long, 18 inches wide and dating from 1870.[36]

The project has been funded by the Lawrence House Trust and predominantly run by Dr. Nick Lister, originally the head of D.T. at the school and now Astronomer in Residence. Dr Lister studied at Plymouth University before getting his PHD from University College London. He is a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society[37] and was recently appointed as vice-president of the Association for Astronomy Education, where he succeeded Dr Robert Massey of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, who has now become president of the organisation.[38]

When initial assessments were being made for the feasibility of restoring the observatory, both the telescope and observatory were in a poor condition as a result of years of neglect and an arson attempt by some local children. However, the telescope is made predominantly from brass and thus suffered minimal corrosion and damage. Most importantly the lens of the telescope survived unscathed allowing for restoration.[39] This was carried out at first by several dedicated parents and governors of the school, amongst them Syd Little.

Soon after the basic restoration ideas were raised for a larger project allowing the teaching of astronomy on a larger scale. After getting clearance from the original owners of the telescope to go ahead with the project, Rossall was given funds from the Lawrence House Trust, an educational charity, to go forward with their plans. The centre had an official opening on Tuesday 26 September 2006 with Old Rossallian and former Astronomer Royal Sir Francis Graham Smith in attendance.[40] The centre's motto is 'Astronomy For All' meaning that it offers courses to Rossall Students but also at a small cost to the general public. Courses also range from beginner to advanced to ensure that anybody who wishes to study Astronomy can do so.

Possibly because of its emphasis on practical astronomy as a subject, Rossall School was depicted as the school attended by Dan Dare, the fictional space hero in The Eagle comic who was a favourite character of boys of the 1950s–60s.

Fees (Per Term)

Senior School [41]

  • Day - £2,855.00
  • Extended Day - £3,565.00
  • IB Day - £3,185.00
  • Boarding - £7,270.00
  • IB Boarding - £7,995.00

Middle School

  • Day - £2,600.00
  • Extended Day - £3,565.00
  • Boarding - £4,995.00
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rossall School.

Click any image to see it full-size

  • Rossall School Main Drive as viewed from the archway
    Rossall School Main Drive as viewed from the archway
  • Rossall School Libray
    Rossall School Libray
  • Rossall Prep School
    Rossall Prep School
  • Another aerial view of Rossall with Cleveleys (middle) and Blackpool (top) in the background
    Another aerial view of Rossall with Cleveleys (middle) and Blackpool (top) in the background
  • Rossall School Chapel, Monitors' Lawn and Beecham Music Schools
    Rossall School Chapel, Monitors' Lawn and Beecham Music Schools
  • The interior of Big School as viewed from the balcony
    The interior of Big School as viewed from the balcony
  • Rossall as seen from the playing fields
    Rossall as seen from the playing fields
  • The Museum Theatre
    The Museum Theatre


References

  1. ^ The Rossall Register 1844-1894 - Anguline Research Archives - p.44
  2. ^ The Rossall Register 1844-1894 - Anguline Research Archives
  3. ^ http://www.rossall.co.uk/sixth_form/116
  4. ^ http://www.rossall.co.uk/sixth_form/114
  5. ^ http://www.rossall.co.uk/sixth_form/119,339
  6. ^ http://www.rossall.co.uk/sporting_and_activities/
  7. ^ http://etonfives.co.uk/tournaments/reports.and.results/2005-2006/rossall.schools.2006.html
  8. ^ http://www.rossall.co.uk/sporting_and_activities/161
  9. ^ http://www.archivist.f2s.com/bsu/cadets/victorian.htm
  10. ^ http://www.privateschoolnews.co.uk/?p=681
  11. ^ http://www.newstatesman.com/200010090007
  12. ^ The Rossall Register 1844-1894 - Available on DVD-ROM from Anguline Research Archives, p.5
  13. ^ http://www.archive.org/details/greatschoolsofen00stauuoft
  14. ^ a b Rossall Will Be What You Make It - Peter Bennett (1992) - Published by Rossall Archives
  15. ^ http://www.jstor.org/view/03617882/ap010047/01a00050/5?frame=noframe&userID=9052d092@ucl.ac.uk/01cce4405d00501bec9d0&dpi=3&config=jstor
  16. ^ http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content?content=10.1080/0046760032000151492 P.606
  17. ^ A Centenary History of Rossall School - William Furness - (Gale and Polden, 1944) p.96
  18. ^ a b blackpoolcitizen.co.uk
  19. ^ a b c A Centenary History of Rossall School - William Furness - (Gale and Polden, 1944) p.170
  20. ^ rossallianclub.co.uk
  21. ^ http://www.rossallianclub.co.uk/uploads/pubdownloads/newsletter12-04.pdf
  22. ^ http://www.rossallianclub.co.uk/news/item.asp?id=416
  23. ^ A Tour of Rossall - Peter Bennett - (Rossall Archives) p.5
  24. ^ A Tour of Rossall - Peter Bennett - (Rossall Archives) p.5
  25. ^ A Tour of Rossall - Peter Bennett - (Rossall Archives) p.2
  26. ^ A Tour of Rossall - Peter Bennett - (Rossall Archives) p.3
  27. ^ A Tour of Rossall - Peter Bennett - (Rossall Archives) p.3
  28. ^ A Tour of Rossall - Peter Bennett - (Rossall Archives) p.6
  29. ^ A Centenary History of Rossall School - William Furness - (Gale and Polden, 1944) p.147
  30. ^ A Centenary History of Rossall School - William Furness - (Gale and Polden, 1944) p.146
  31. ^ A Tour of Rossall - Peter Bennett - (Rossall Archives) p.6 + 7
  32. ^ http://www.cgs.act.edu.au/history.html
  33. ^ http://www.rossallianclub.co.uk/about/default.asp
  34. ^ http://www.halfordhewitt.com/
  35. ^ "School Website: Astronomy". Retrieved 2007-04-20.
  36. ^ http://archive.thisislancashire.co.uk/2003/12/5/517430.html
  37. ^ http://www.rossall.co.uk/astronomy/169
  38. ^ http://www.rossall.co.uk/astronomy/169
  39. ^ http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/products/journals/aag/aag_October00/aag504.htm
  40. ^ http://www.blackpoolcitizen.co.uk/display.var.937403.0.starring_role_for_top_astronomer.php
  41. ^ "School Website:Fees". Retrieved 2007-05-03.

Further reading

'Rossall School, Its Rise and Progress' - Canon St Vincent Beechy (1894)
'History of Rossall School' - John Frederick Rowbotham (First ed. 1895, John Heywood)
'The Centenary History of Rossall School' - W Furness (1945, Gale and Polden)
'A Very Desolate Position' - Peter Bennett (1977, Rossall Archives)
'Rossall Will be What You Make it' - Peter Bennett (1992, Rossall Archives)
'The Tide Flows On' - Derek Winterbottom (2006, Manx Press)
'A Short History of the Rossall School Corps.' - Lt.-Col. L. H. Trist (1960, pp. 27. Fleetwood Chronicle: Fleetwood)
'Alleyn’s and Rossall schools : the Second World War, experience and status'- Donald Leinster_Mackay (1990 , Leeds : Museum of the History of Education, University of Leeds.)
'Hymns for use in the chapel of Rossall School' - Herbert A. James. (1880, R. Clay, Sons, & Taylor: London)
'Rossall. An Ode, by O. Seaman ... for the fiftieth anniversary of the foundation of the School' - Charles Harford Lloyd (1894, London & New York : Novello, Ewer and Co)

Lancashire Schools

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