I Am Legend (film)
I Am Legend | |
---|---|
Directed by | Francis Lawrence |
Written by | Screenplay: Akiva Goldsman Mark Protosevich Novel: Richard Matheson |
Produced by | Akiva Goldsman David Heyman Erwin Stoff Neal H. Mortiz |
Starring | Will Smith |
Cinematography | Andrew Lesnie |
Edited by | Wayne Wahrman |
Music by | James Newton Howard |
Distributed by | Warner Bros. Village Roadshow |
Release date | December 14 2007 |
Running time | Theatrical Cut: 100 min. Alternate Cut: 104 min. |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $150 million (est.) |
Box office | $584,015,483 |
I Am Legend is a 2007 American post-apocalyptic science fiction horror film directed by Francis Lawrence and starring Will Smith. It is the third feature film adaptation of Richard Matheson's 1954 novel of the same name, following 1964's The Last Man on Earth and 1971's The Omega Man.[1] Smith plays virologist Robert Neville, who thinks he may be Earth's only surviving human not affected by a vicious man-made virus. He works to create a cure while living in Manhattan in 2012, a city inhabited by mutant victims of the virus.
Warner Bros. Pictures began developing I Am Legend in 1994, and various actors and directors were attached to the project, though production was delayed due to budgetary concerns related to the script. Production began in 2006 in New York City, filming mainly on location in the city, including a USD$5 million scene[2] at the Brooklyn Bridge, the most expensive scene ever filmed in the city at the time. Warner Bros. launched a tie-in comic and an online multiplayer game on Second Life as part of its marketing campaign. I Am Legend was released on December 14 2007 in the United States. It opened to the largest ever box office for a non-Christmas film released in the U.S. during December. The film's commercial success "cemented [Smith's] standing as the number one box office draw in Hollywood."[3] However, Warner Bros was disappointed with this film's performance on the DVD market.[4]
Plot
After the spread of a lethal virus, U.S. Army virologist Lieutenant Colonel Robert Neville (Will Smith) is left as the last healthy human in New York City, and possibly the entire world.
The story opens in 2012, and a series of flashbacks and recorded news programs reveal that three years earlier a genetically re-engineered measles virus, known as the KV virus, was originally created as a cure for cancer, mutated into a lethal strain, similar to rabies, which rapidly infected humans and some animal species. By the end of the first year following the infection, more than 90% of the planet's human population died; over 9% were infected, but did not die. These survivors degenerated into a primal, aggressive state, lost all their hair and began to react painfully to UV radiation, forcing them to hide in buildings and other dark places during the day. The remaining 1% were immune to the virus, but were hunted and killed by the infected, killed by fellow survivors or commit suicide due to isolation. Three years after the outbreak, Robert Neville fears he may be the last healthy human in the world.
In a Manhattan devoid of humanity, Neville's daily routine includes experimentation to find a cure for the virus on both infected rats and humans, and trips through the city to hunt for food and forage for supplies. He waits each day for a response to his automated, continuous radio broadcasts, which instruct any uninfected survivors to meet him at midday at the South Street Seaport. Flashbacks reveal that his wife and daughter died during the chaotic evacuation of Manhattan, just prior to the militarily-enforced quarantine of the island in 2009. Neville's isolation is broken only by the companionship of his dog Samantha ("Sam"), interaction with mannequins he has set up as patrons of a video store, and recordings of old news and entertainment broadcasts.
Neville seems to find a promising treatment derived from his own blood when one of the rats he is experimenting on begins to regain normal appearance and behaviour, so he sets a snare trap and captures an infected woman while an infected male watches from within a building, unable to enter the sunlight of the day. At his laboratory, located in the basement of his heavily-fortified home, Neville treats the infected woman without success. Later, while driving through New York, he notices one of the mannequins has been moved. When he inspects it, he is ensnared in a trap similar to the one he used to capture the woman. By the time Neville escapes, it is near dark and he is attacked by infected dogs (released by the infected Alpha Male), one of which bites Sam. Although Sam is unaffected by the airborne strain of the virus, she can still be infected by the contact strain.
Neville takes Sam home and injects her with a serum, in the hope of saving her, but when she shows signs of infection and tries to attack him, Neville, distraught with grief, euthanizes (by throttling) Sam, putting her out of her misery. He buries her the next day. The same night, overcome with grief and anger, he goes out and attacks a large group of infected with his SUV. Despite inflicting severe casualties on the infected, he is nearly killed, but is rescued by a pair of immune survivors, Anna Montez (Alice Braga) and a young boy named Ethan (Charlie Tahan), who have traveled from Maryland after hearing one of Neville's broadcasts. They take the injured Neville back to his home where Anna explains that they survived the outbreak aboard a Red Cross evacuation ship from São Paulo and are making their way to a rumored survivors' camp in Bethel, Vermont. Initially dismissive of Anna, Robert begins to warm to her as he remembers how to interact with humans.
The next night a group of infected—who have followed Anna and Neville and are led by the Alpha Male—attack the house, overrunning its defenses. Neville, Anna, and Ethan retreat into the basement laboratory, sealing themselves in with the infected woman Neville has been treating. Discovering that the last treatment has been successful and the infected woman is once again human, Neville draws a vial of the woman's blood and gives it to Anna. He pushes Anna and Ethan into an old coal chute, and then sacrifices himself to save their lives, using a hand grenade to kill himself and the attacking infected.
Anna and Ethan escape to Vermont, and locate the survivors' colony, where Anna hands over the cure. In the closing voice-over, she states that Neville's cure enabled humanity to survive and rebuild, establishing his legend.
Alternate ending
The tone of the film's ending was altered dramatically before the film's release, with the majority of the changes made to the standoff between Neville and the infected in his laboratory. Visual effects supervisor Janek Sirrs recounts the original ending starting with the standoff: "At that point, Neville's—and the audience's—assumptions about the nature of these creatures are shown to be incorrect. We see that they have actually retained some of their humanity. There is a very important moment between the Alpha Male and Neville." David Schaub stated, "Then, when Neville finally turns the Alpha Female over to the Alpha Male, there is this little love moment between the two of them." The infected then retrieve the captured female and spare Neville's life. The original final shot follows Neville, Anna and Ethan as they cross the remnants of the George Washington Bridge in hopes of finding other survivors, accompanied by a recording from Anna telling survivors that there is hope.[5]
Production
Development
The early 1990s brought a reemergence of the science fiction horror genre.[6] In 1995, Warner Bros. began developing the film project, having owned the rights to Richard Matheson's 1954 novel I Am Legend since 1970[7] and The Omega Man (1970). Mark Protosevich was hired to write the script after the studio was impressed with his spec script of The Cell (2000). Protosevich's first draft took place in the year 2000 in San Francisco, California, and contained many similarities with the finished film, though Ann was a morphine addict. Warner Bros. immediately put the film on fast track, attaching Neal H. Mortiz as producer.[6]
Actors Tom Cruise, Michael Douglas,[8] Mel Gibson[6] had been considered to star in the film,[8] using a script by Protosevich and with Ridley Scott as director; however, by June 1997 the studio's preference was for actor Arnold Schwarzenegger, and in July, Scott and Schwarzenegger finalized negotiations,[9] with production slated to begin the coming September,[8] using Houston as a stand-in for the film's setting of Los Angeles.[10] In December 1997, the project was called into question when the projected budget escalated to $108 million due to media and shareholder scrutiny of the studio in financing a big-budget film.[11] Scott rewrote the script in an attempt to reduce the film's budget by $20 million,[12] but in March 1998, the studio canceled the project due to continued budgetary concerns.[13] In August 1998, director Rob Bowman was attached to the project,[14] but he moved on to direct Reign of Fire.[15]
In March 2002, Schwarzenegger became the producer of I Am Legend, commencing negotiations with Michael Bay to direct and Will Smith to star in the film.[16] Bay and Smith were attracted to the project based on a redraft that would reduce its budget.[17] However, the project was shelved due to Warner Bros. president, Alan F. Horn's dislike of the script.[18] In 2004, Akiva Goldsman was asked by head of production Jeff Robinov to produce the film.[19] In September 2005, director Francis Lawrence signed on to helm the project, with production slated to begin in 2006. Guillermo del Toro was originally approached to direct by Smith but turned it down in order to direct Hellboy II: The Golden Army.[20] Lawrence, whose film Constantine was produced by Goldsman, was fascinated by empty urban environments. He said, "Something’s always really excited me about that... to have experienced that much loss, to be without people or any kind of social interaction for that long."[19]
Goldsman took on the project as he admired the second I Am Legend film adaptation, The Omega Man.[21] A rewrite was done to distance the project from the other zombie films inspired by the novel,[16] particularly 28 Days Later.[21] A forty-page scene-by-scene outline of the film was developed by May 2006. When delays occurred on Will Smith's film Hancock (2008), which was scheduled for 2007, it was proposed to switch the actor's films. This meant filming would have to begin in sixteen weeks: production was greenlit, using Goldsman's script and the outline.[19] Elements from Protosevich's script were introduced, while the crew consulted with experts on infectious diseases and solitary confinement.[21] Rewrites continued throughout filming, because of Smith's improvisational skills and Lawrence's preference to keep various scenes silent.[19] The director had watched The Pianist with a low volume so as to not disturb his newborn son, and realized that silence could be very effective cinema.[22]
Connection with Mayan Calendar
I Am Legend has been mentioned by some critics as to be loosely based upon the Mayan Calendar. The final year in the Mayan Calendar 2012, which is the year the movie takes place.
Casting
Will Smith signed on to play Robert Neville in April 2006.[23] He said he took on I Am Legend because he felt it could be like "Gladiator [or] Forrest Gump—these are movies with wonderful, audience-pleasing elements but also uncompromised artistic value. [This] always felt like it had those possibilities to me."[21] The actor found Neville to be his toughest acting challenge since portraying Muhammad Ali in Ali (2001). He said that "when you're on your own, it is kind of hard to find conflict." The film's dark tone and exploration of whether Neville has gone insane during his isolation meant Smith had to restrain himself from falling into a humorous routine during takes.[24] To prepare for his role, Smith visited the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Georgia. He also met with a person who had been in solitary confinement and a former prisoner of war.[25] Smith compared Neville to Job, who lost his children, livelihood and health. Like the Book of Job, I Am Legend studies the questions, "Can he find a reason to continue? Can he find the hope or desire to excel and advance in life? Or does the death of everything around him create imminent death for himself?"[16] He also cited an influence in Tom Hanks' performance in Cast Away (2000).[21]
Abbey, a three-year-old German Shepherd Dog , played Neville's dog Sam. Another dog, Kona, was used for scenes where Neville plays fetch with his companion, as Abbey refused to perform these scenes.[26] The rest of the supporting cast consists of Salli Richardson as Zoe, Robert's wife,[27] and Alice Braga as a survivor named Anna.[27] Willow Smith, Will Smith's daughter, makes her film debut as Marley, Neville's daughter.[28] Emma Thompson has an uncredited role as Dr. Alice Krippin, who appears on television explaining her vaccine for cancer that mutates into the virus.[29] Singer Mike Patton provided the guttural screams of the infected "hemocytes," and Dash Mihok provided the character animation for the "Alpha Male" infected.
Filming
Akiva Goldsman decided to move the story from Los Angeles to New York City to take advantage of locations that would more easily show emptiness.[7] Goldsman explained, "L.A. looks empty at three o'clock in the afternoon, [but] New York is never empty . . . it was a much more interesting way of showing the windswept emptiness of the world."[24] Warner Bros. initially rejected this idea because of the logistics,[19] but Francis Lawrence was determined to shoot on location, to give the film a natural feel that would not benefit from shooting on soundstages. Lawrence went to the city with a camcorder, and filmed areas filled with crowds. Then, a special effects test was conducted to remove all those people. The test had a powerful effect on studio executives.[22] Michael Tadross convinced authorities to close busy areas such as the Grand Central Terminal viaduct, several blocks of Fifth Avenue and Washington Square Park.[19] The film was shot primarily in 35mm anamorphic format, with flashback scenes shot in Super 35.[citation needed]
Filming began on September 23 2006.[30] The Marcy Avenue Armory in Williamsburg was used for the interior of Neville's home,[24] while Greenwich Village was used for the exterior.[16] Other locations include the Tribeca section of Lower Manhattan, the aircraft carrier Intrepid, the Kingsbridge Armory in the Bronx and St. Patrick's Cathedral.[7] Weeds were imported from Florida and were strewn across locations to make the city look like it had overgrown with them.[19] The closure of major streets was controversial with New Yorkers. Will Smith said, "I don't think anyone's going to be able to do that in New York again any time soon. People were not happy. That's the most middle fingers I've ever gotten in my career."[16]
A bridge scene was filmed for six consecutive nights in January on the Brooklyn Bridge to serve as a flashback scene in which New York's citizens evacuate the city. Shooting the scene consumed $5 million of the film's reported $150 million budget, which was the most expensive shot in the city to date. The scene, which had to meet requirements from fourteen government agencies, involved 250 crew members and 1,000 extras, including 160 National Guard members.[31][32] Also present were several Humvees, three Stryker armored vehicles, a 110-foot cutter, a 41-foot utility boat, and two 25-foot Response Boat Small craft, as well as other vehicles including taxis, police cars, fire trucks, and ambulances.[33] Filming concluded on March 31 2007.[30]
Reshoots were conducted around November 2007. Lawrence noted, "We weren't seeing fully-rendered shots until about a month ago. The movie starts to take on a whole other life. It's not only until later that you can judge a movie as a whole and go, 'Huh, maybe we should shoot this little piece in the middle, or tweak this a little bit.' It just so happened that our re-shoots revolved around the end of the movie."[34]
Effects
A week into filming, Francis Lawrence felt the infected (referred to as "Dark Seekers" or "hemocytes" in the script), who were being portrayed by actors wearing prosthetics, were not convincing. His decision to use computer-generated imagery (CGI) resulted in an increased budget and extended post-production, and the end results were poorly received.[35][36][37] The concept behind the infected was that their adrenal glands were open all of the time and Lawrence explained, "They needed to have an abandon in their performance that you just can’t get out of people in the middle of the night when they’re barefoot. And their metabolisms are really spiked, so they’re constantly hyperventilating, which you can’t really get actors to do for a long time or they pass out."[19] The actors remained on set to provide motion capture.[24] "The film's producers and sound people wanted the creatures in the movie to sound somewhat human, but not the standard," so Mike Patton, former lead singer of Faith No More, was engaged to provide the screams and howls of the infected.[38]
In addition, CGI was used for the lions and deer in the film, and to erase pedestrians in shots of New York. Workers visible in windows, spectators and moving cars in the distance were all removed. In his vision of an empty New York, Lawrence cited John Ford as his influence: "We didn't want to make an apocalyptic movie where the landscape felt apocalyptic. A lot of the movie takes place on a beautiful day. There's something magical about the empty city as opposed to dark and scary that was the ideal that the cast and crew wanted"[21]
Release
I Am Legend was originally slated for a November 21 2007 release in the United States and Canada,[39] but was delayed to December 14 2007.[40] The film opened on December 26 2007 in the United Kingdom,[41] and the Republic of Ireland having been originally scheduled for January 4 2008.[24]
In December 2007, China banned the release of American films in the country,[42] which is believed to have delayed the release of I Am Legend. Will Smith spoke to the chairman of China Film Group about securing a release date, later explaining, "We struggled very, very hard to try to get it to work out, but there are only a certain amount of foreign films that are allowed in."[25]
Marketing
A tie-in comic from DC Comics and Vertigo Comics has been created, I Am Legend: Awakening.[43] The project draws upon collaboration from Bill Sienkiewicz, screenwriter Mark Protosevich, and author Orson Scott Card. The son of the original book's author, Richard Christian Matheson, also collaborated on the project. The project will advance from the comic to an online format in which animated featurettes (created by the team from Broken Saints) will be shown on the official website. [44]
In October 2007, Warner Bros. Pictures in conjunction with the Electric Sheep Company launched the online multiplayer game I Am Legend: Survival in the virtual world Second Life. The game is the largest launched in the virtual world in support of a film release, permitting people to play against each other as the infected or the uninfected across a replicated 60 acres of New York City.[45] The studio also hired the ad agency Crew Creative to develop a website that would be specifically viewable on the iPhone.[46]
Box office
I Am Legend grossed $77,211,321 on its opening weekend in 3,606 theaters, averaging $21,412 per venue, and placing it at the top of the box office. This set a record for highest grossing opening for a film for the month of December.[47] As of May 11 2008, the film has grossed $256,393,010 in North America and $584,015,483 worldwide.[48]
US Home Video Market
The film was released on DVD on March 18 2008 in two editions: a one-disc release, including the movie with four animated comics ("Death As a Gift", "Isolation", "Sacrificing the Few for the Many", and "Shelter"), and other DVD-ROM features; a two-disc special edition that includes all these extras, three deleted scenes, and an alternative theatrical version of the movie with an alternate ending. On the high-definition end, the movie has been released on the Blu-ray Disc format and HD DVD format along with the DVD release; with the HD-DVD version being released later on April 8 2008.[49] Both HD releases include all the features available in the two-disc DVD edition.[50] The two-disc version is also available in a steel case, which contains evacuation protocol information on the back side.
This film grossed more than $97 million on DVD sales in 5 weeks,[1] it also grossed more than $41 million on DVD / Home Video Rentals in 6 weeks.[2] Even Warner Bros themselves admitted that this film's performance on DVD market didn't meet Warner Bros' expectation. [3]
Critical reception and awards
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Critics were generally favourable towards the film.[51] Review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 68% of 183 critics gave the film positive write-ups. The consensus being that Will Smith's performance overcame questionable special effects.[52] Similarly, Metacritic determined that the film had received an average score of 65 out of 100 based on 37 reviews.[51]
A. O. Scott felt that Will Smith gave a "graceful and effortless performance" and also noted the "third-act collapse". He felt that the movie "does ponder some pretty deep questions about the collapse and persistence of human civilization".[53] Dana Stevens of Slate felt that the movie lost its way around the hour mark "the Infected just aren't that scary."[29] NPR critic Bob Mondello noted the film's subtext concerning global terrorism and that this aspect made the film fit in perfectly with other, more direct cinematic explorations of the subject.[54] Richard Roeper gave the film a positive review on the television program At the Movies with Ebert & Roeper, commending Will Smith as being in "prime form", also saying there are "some amazing sequences" and that there was "a pretty heavy screenplay for an action film."[55] Much of the negative criticism has concerned the use of CGI effects, which many critics have labeled as excessive and unrealistic, as well as an unsatisfactory third act.[35][36][37]
Popular Mechanics published an article on December 14 2007 [56] addressing some of the scientific issues raised by the film:
- the rate of deterioration of urban structures, infrastructure, and survival of fauna and flora
- Neville's power supplies
- the plausibility of a retrovirus spreading out of control as depicted in the film. (The measles virus depicted in the film, however, is not a retrovirus, but is in fact a part of the Paramyxovirus family.)
- the mechanics of the Brooklyn Bridge's destruction
The magazine solicited reactions from author Alan Weisman, virologist W. Ian Lipkin, M.D., and Michel Bruneau, Ph.D., comparing their predictions with the film's depictions. The article raised the most questions regarding the virus' mutation and the medical results, and pointed out that a suspension bridge like the Brooklyn Bridge would likely completely collapse rather than losing only its middle span. Neville's method of producing power using gasoline-powered generators seemed the most credible: "This part of the tale is possible, if not entirely likely", Popular Mechanics editor Roy Berendsohn says.
I Am Legend earned four nominations for the Visual Effects Society Awards,[57] and was also nominated for Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble at the Screen Actors Guild Awards,[58] Outstanding Film and Actor at the Image Awards,[59] and Best Sound at the Satellite Awards.[60]
Bibliography
- I Am Legend, Richard Matheson, Tor Books; Reissue edition (October 30 2007), ISBN 0765318741
References
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- ^ Harris, Chris (2007-12-13). "Mike Patton Hits The Big Screen, Voicing 'I Am Legend' Baddies And Scoring 'Perfect' Indie Flick". MTV Networks. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
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{{citation}}
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(help) - ^ "Visual Effects Society (VES) Announces Nominees for 6th Annual VES Awards" (PDF). Visual Effects Society. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- ^ "Nominations Announced for the 14th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards". Screen Actors Guild. 2007-12-20. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- ^ "Nominees for the 39th NAACP Image Awards Announced" (PDF). NAACP. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- ^ "2007 12th Annual Satellite Awards". International Press Academy. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
External links
- Official site
- Official trailer
- I Am Legend at IMDb
- I Am Legend at Rotten Tomatoes
- I Am Legend 2 at IMDb
- I Am Legend at Metacritic
- I Am Legend at Box Office Mojo
- I Am Legend at AllMovie
- Detailed Comparison between Theatrical Cut and Alternative Theatrical Cut
- Soundtrack Review at Tracksounds
- Wikipedia articles needing reorganization from March 2008
- 2007 films
- American films
- Doomsday films
- Dystopian films
- English-language films
- Films based on horror books
- Films based on science fiction books
- Films set in New York City
- Films shot anamorphically
- Films shot in multiple formats
- Films shot in New York City
- Films shot in Super 35
- Monster movies
- Post-apocalyptic science fiction films
- Science fiction horror films
- Warner Bros. films