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List of nearest galaxies

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This is a list of galaxies nearest to Earth.

Note that 'near' in intergalactic terms still means thousands or millions of light years away (in comparison to say, the moon, which is about one light second away). Galaxies occur in groups or clusters - the nearest 40 or so galaxies on this list are all members of the Local Group and beyond that they are generally classed as belonging to one of the neighbouring clusters such as the M81 or Centaurus A Groups.

The reader should be aware that there are certain unavoidable difficulties with this list.

  • It is incomplete. Previously unknown objects are being discovered all the time. The reader will see that even some of the closest items are among the latest found. Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way located at the far side of our galaxy are extremely difficult to discern through the bulk of our home system. In fact it is possible for any galaxy to mask another located beyond it.
  • Although the editors have combed the literature, it is certainly possible that already discovered galaxies have escaped our notice and, thus, not yet been listed.
  • Distance measurements, like most measurements, entail error bars. The list includes what are considered to be the latest and the best, but are not to be taken as final. Many methods are employed to determine galactic-scale distances. Figures listed are composites of four, five, or sometimes eight separate methods, some of which have had their error bars tightened to the point of no longer overlapping with some other methods' bars. Also, many methods determine distance to a point in a galaxy, which itself must be measured relative to the rest of that galaxy (see next item).[1]
  • A galaxy is an immense object. The distances from the closest edge – an ill-defined spot in itself – to the galactic core spans thousands, possibly up to a quarter million, lightyears. The distance estimates, therefore, are merely to some spot within the galaxies.
  • Please note that these distances are from Earth. A satellite galaxy of the Milky Way on our side of our galaxy may well be listed as closer than one on the far side which is actually orbiting closer in to the Galactic core. This discrepancy might be compounded for a dwarf galaxy embedded in, and being cannibalized by, the Milky Way.

Caveat lector.

#   Galaxy Type Dist from Earth Magnitude Group
Membership 		Notes
Mly Mpc M m
  1 Milky Way SBbc    —    — -20.8 [1] n/a Local Group Home galaxy of Earth
  2 Canis Major Dwarf Irr 0.025[2] 0.008 ? ? Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
  3 Sagittarius Dwarf Sphr SagDEG dSph/E7 0.081 0.024[3] -12.67[3] 4.5[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
  4 Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) Irr/SB(s)m 0.163 0.050[3] -17.93[3] 4.5[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
  5 Boötes Dwarf d Sph 0.197[4] 0.060 5.8 [5] 13.1 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
  6 Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC, NGC 292) SB(s)m pec 0.206 0.063[3] -16.35[3] 2.7[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
  – Ursa Minor Dwarf dE4 0.206 0.063[3] -7.13[3] 11.9[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
  8 Draco Dwarf (DDO 208) dE0 pec 0.258 0.079[3] -8.74[3] 10.9[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way with a large amount of dark matter
  9 Sextans Dwarf Sph dSph 0.281 0.086[3] -7.98[3] 12[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 10 Sculptor Dwarf (E351-G30) dE3 0.287 0.088[3] -9.77[3] 10.1[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 11 Ursa Major I Dwarf (UMa I dSph) dSph 0.330 0.10[6] -6.75[6] ? Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 — Carina Dwarf (E206-G220) dE3 0.330 0.10[3] -8.97[6] 11.3[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 13 Fornax Dwarf (E356-G04) dSPh/E2 0.46 0.14[1] -11.5[3] 9.28[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 14 Leo II Dwarf (Leo B, DDO 93) dE0 pec 0.701[7] 0.215 -9.23[3] 12.45[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 15 File:Leo I Dwarf galaxy.jpg Leo I Dwarf (DDO 74) dE3 0.820[7] 0.25 -10.97[3] 11.18[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 16 File:Phoenix Dwarf.jpg Phoenix Dwarf Galaxy (P 6830) IAm 1.300[7] 0.40 -10.22[3] 13.07[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 17 Leo T Dwarf[4] 1.370 0.42[8] 16[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way? Recent discovery
 18 Barnard's Galaxy (NGC 6822) IB(s)m IV-V 1.630[7] 0.50 -15.22[3] 9.32[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 19 NGC 185 dE3 pec 2.010 [9] 0.62 -14.76[3] 9.99[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 20 Andromeda II dE0 2.130 [9] 0.65 -9.33[3] 15.10[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 21 IC 10 (UGC 192) dIrr IV/BCD[4] 2.15 0.66[3] -15.57[3] 12.2[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 22 NGC 147 (DDO 3) dE5 pec 2.200[9] 0.68 -14.9[3] 10.36[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 23 File:Leo A irregular galaxy.jpg Leo A (Leo III, DDO 69) IBm V 2.250[7] 0.69 -11.36[3] 12.92 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 24 IC 1613 (UGC 668) IAB(s)m V 2.350[7] 0.72 -14.51[3] 9.92[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 25 Andromeda I dE3 pec 2.430[9] 0.75 -10.87[3] 13.9[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 26 Andromeda III dE2 2.440[9] 0.75 -9.30[3] 15.20[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 27 Cetus Dwarf dSph/E4 2.460[9] 0.75 -10.18[3] 14.4[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[3]
 28 M32 (NGC 221) E2 2.480;[7] 0.76 -15.96[3] 8.73[1] Local Group Close Satellite of Andromeda
 29 Cassiopeia Dwarf (Cas dSph, Andromeda VII) dSph 2.490[9] 0.76 -11.67[3] 13.65[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[3]
 30 Andromeda IX dE 2.500[9] 0.77 -7.5[3] ? Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[3]
 — LGS 3 dIrr/dSph 2.510[9] 0.77 -7.96[3] 16.18[1] Local Group Satellite of M33[citation needed]
 — Andromeda V dSph 2.52[9] 0.77 -8.41[3] 16.67[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[3]
 33 Pegasus Dwarf Sph (And VI) dSph 2.55[9] 0.78 -10.80[3] 14.05[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[3]
 34 Andromeda VIII dSph[10] 2.56?? ? ? ? Local Group Tidally distorted dwarf close to Andromeda discovered 2003[10]
 — Andromeda Galaxy (M31) SA(s)b 2.56[9] 0.79 -21.58[3] 4.17[1] Local Group Largest Galaxy in the Local Group, with at least 19 satellite galaxies
 36 File:PIA03033.jpg Triangulum Galaxy (M33) SAc 2.64 [9] 0.81 -18.87[3] 6.19[1] Local Group Most distant (difficult) naked eye object
 37 File:M110 Lanoue.png M110 (NGC 205) E6p 2.69 [9] 0.83 -16.15[3] 8.72[1] Local Group Close Satellite of Andromeda
 38 Tucana Dwarf dE5 2.87 0.88[3] -9.16 15.7[1] Local Group[3] Isolated group member - a 'primordial' galaxy[11]
 39 Andromeda X dSph[4] 2.90?? -8.1[12] 16.1[4] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda discovered 2006
 40 Pegasus Dwarf Irregular (DDO 216) dIrr/DSph[4] 3.00 [9] 0.92 -11.47[3] 13.21[4] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 41 Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (WLM, DDO 221) Ib(s)m[4] 3.04 [9] 0.93 -13.59[3] 11.03[4] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[3]
 42 Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy (SagDIG) IB(s)m V[4] 3.39 1.04[3] -11.49 15.5 Local Group[1] Isolated group member
 43 Aquarius Dwarf Galaxy (DDO 210) Im V 3.49 [9] 1.07 -11.09[3] 14.0[4] Local Group Isolated group member
 44 File:NGC 3109.jpg NGC 3109 SB(s)m 4.24 1.30[13] -15.68[1] 10.39[1] Local Group
 45 Antlia Dwarf dE3.5[4] 4.31 1.32[1] -9.75[1] 16.19[1] Local Group May have interacted with NGC 3109[13]
 — Sextans A (UGCA 205, DDO 75) IBm[4] 4.31[14] 1.32 -13.95[3] 11.86[4] Local Group[1] Isolated group member
 47 Sextans B (UGC 5373) IM IV-V[4] 4.44 1.36[3] -13.96[3] 11.85[4] Local Group[1]
 48 HIZSS 003 ? 4.57 1.4[1] 18B[4] Hidden by the Milky Way
 49 kkh 060 Ir 4.89 1.5[1] 18B[4]
 — ESO 383-087 (ISG 39) SB(s)dm 4.89 1.5[1] 11.03[4]
 — KUG 1210+301B (KK98 127) S.. 4.89 1.5[1] 15.7[4] Pair?
 52 NGC 55 SB(s)m: sp[4] 5.87 [15] 1.80 -18.06[1] 8.84[1] Inner edge of Sculptor group Forms pair with NGC 300
 — UGCA 92 Im?[4] 5.87 1.8[1] -14.48[1] 13[4] IC 342/Maffei Group[16]
 54 KKR 25 Ir 6.07 1.86[1] 17.0[4] Local Group[3]
 55 KKR 03 (KK98 230) dwarf Irr 6.20 1.90[1] 17.90[4] Local Group[3]
 56 ESO 294-010 dS0/Im[4] 6.26[15] 1.92 -10.91[15] 15.6[4] Inner edge ofSculptor group companion of NGC 55 & 300
 — ESO 410-G005 E3[4] 6.26 [15] 1.92 -11.58[1] 14.85[4] inner edge of Sculptor group companion of NGC 55 & 300
 58 NGC 1569 (UGC 03056) IBm;Sbrst[4] 6.36 1.95[1] -18.17[1] 11.86[4] IC 342/Maffei Group[16]
 59 IC 4662 (ESO 102- G 014) IBm 6.52 2.0[1] 11.74[4]
 60 IC 5152 IA(s)m[4] 6.75 2.07[1] -15.67[1] 11.06[4] Sculptor group?
 61 File:GR 8.jpg GR 8 (DDO 155) ImV[4] 6.89 2.10[1] -12.8[1] 14.65[4] "footprint galaxy"
 62 NGC 300 SA(s)d[4] 7.01 2.15[15] 8.95[4] -17.92[1] inner edge of Sculptor group forms pair with NGC 55
 63 HIPASS J1247-77 Im 7.17 2.2[1] 17.B[4]
 64 UGCA 438 (ESO 407-018) IB(s)m pec:[4] 7.27[15] 2.23 -12.97[1] 13.86[1] Sculptor group
 65 IC 3104 IB(s)m 7.40 2.27[1] 13.63[4]
 66 UGC 8638 (VV 133) Im 7.50 2.3[1] 14.47[4]
 67 kkh 98 Irr 7.99 2.45[1] 16.7[4] Local Group[3]
 68 UGC 09128 (DDO 187) ImIV-V 8.15 2.5[1] 14.38[4]
 69 UGC 07577 (DDO 125) Im 8.28 2.54[1] 12.84[4]
 70 UGC 8508 (I Zw 060) IAm 8.35 [17] 2.56 14.40[4]
 71 kkh 086 (ISG 39) Ir 8.51 2.61[1] 16.8[4]
 72 DDO 99 (UGC 06817) Im 8.61 2.64[1] 13.4[4]
 73 UGCA 86 SAB(s)m[16] 8.64 2.65[1] -17.71 13.5[4] IC 342/Maffei Group[16]
 74 UGC 9240 (DDO 190) IAm 9.10 2.79[1] 13.25[4]
 75 KKH 37 (Mai 16) S/Irr 9.13 2.8[1] -11.55[3] 16.4[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 — Circinus (ESO 097-13) SA(s)b 9.13 2.8[1] 12.1[4] Active galaxy
 — Dwingeloo 1 SB(s)cd 9.13 2.8[1] -18.78 19.8[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 — Maffei 2 SAB(rs)bc 9.13 2.8[1] -20.15[3] 14.77[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 79 UGCA 276 (DDO 113) Im 9.32 2.86[1] 15.40[4]
 80 NGC 4214 (UGC 07278) IAB(s)m 9.58 2.94[1] 10.24[4] Starburst galaxy
 81 Dwingeloo 2 Im? 9.78 3.0[1] -14.55[1] 20.5[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 — KKH 11 (ZOAG G135.74-04.53) dE/N 9.78 3.0[1] -13.35[3] 16.2[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 — KKH 12 Ir 9.78 3.0[1] -13.03 17.8[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 — MB 3 dSph 9.78 3.0[1] -13.65[3] 19.8[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 — MB 1 (KK98 21) SAB(s)d? 9.78 3.0[1] -14.81[3] 20.5[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 — Maffei 1 S0- pec 9.78 3.0[1] -18.97[3] 11.4[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 87 UGC 8651 (DDO 181) Im 9.82 3.01[1] 14.7[4]
 88 NGC 404 SA(s)0-:[4] 9.98 3.06[1] -16.49[1] 11.21[4] 'Mirach's Ghost'
 89 UGCA 292 (DDO 125) ImIV-V 10.11 3.1[1] 16.0[4]
 90 NGC 3741 ImIII/BCD 10.21 [17] 3.13 14.3[4]
 91 kk98 35 Irr 10.31 3.16[1] -14.30 17.2[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 92 NGC 2366 IB(s)m 10.40 [17] 3.19 11.43[4] M81 group
 — UGCA 133 (DDO 44) Im 10.40 [17] 3.19 15.54[4] M81 group
 94 UGC 8833 Im 10.41 3.19[1] 16.5[4]
 95 UGC 4483 BlueCG 10.47 [17] 3.21 15.2[4] M81 group
 96 UGCA 105 Im? 10.63 [17] 3.26 -16.81 13.9[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 97 File:IC 342 DSS2.jpg IC 342 SAB(rs)cd[4] 10.70 3.28[1] -20.69[1] 9.37[1] IC 342/Maffei Group "the hidden galaxy"
 98 Cas 1 (KK98 19) dwarf Irr 10.76 3.3[1] -16.70 16.38[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 — NGC 2403 SAB(s)cd HII 10.76 3.30[3] -19.29 8.93[4] M81 group
100 Camelopardalis B Irr 10.80 [17] 3.31 -11.85 16.1[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
101 UGCA 015 (DDO 6) IB(s)m 10.90 3.34[3] -12.50[3] 15.19[4] Sculptor group
102 Holmberg II (DDO 50, UGC 4305) Im 11.06 [17] 3.39 11.1[4] M81 group
103 NGC 5102 SA0- HII 11.09 3.40[1] -18.08.56 10.35[4] Centaurus A Group
104 ESO 540-030 (KDG 2) IABm 11.10 3.40[3] -11.39 16.45[4] Sculptor group
105 FM2000 1 dSph? 11.15 [17] 3.42 17.5[4] M81 group
— ESO 540-032 IAB(s)m pec: 11.15 3.42[3] -11.32[3] 16.55[4] Sculptor group
107 NGC 1560 SA(s)d HII 11.25 3.45[1] -16.87[3] 12.16[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
108 KK98 77 dwarf Sph 11.35 [17] 3.48 16.2[4] M81 group
109 DDO 71 Im 11.42 [17] 3.50 18[4] M81 group
110 M82 I0;Sbrst HII 11.51 3.53[3] -19.63[3] 9.30 [4] M81 group
111 ESO 269-66 (KK98 190) dE,N 11.55 3.54[1] -13.56 14.11[4] Centaurus A Group
112 M81 Dwarf A (KDG 52) I? 11.58 [17] 3.55 -11.49[3] 16.5[4] M81 group
113 NGC 2976 SAc pec HII 11.61 [17] 3.56 -17.1[3] 10.82[4] M81 group
— UGC 4459 (DDO 53) Im 11.61 [17] 3.56 -13.37[3] 14.48 [4] M81 group
115 NGC 4945 SB(s)cd:sp[4] 11.70 [18] 3.59 -20.51[1] 9.3[4] Centaurus A Group
#   Galaxy Type Dist from Earth Magnitude Group
Membership 		Notes
Mly Mpc M m

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm I. D. Karachentsev et al.(2004) A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies Refinements in distance measurements could change the order presented in this list.
  2. ^ [http://astro.u-strasbg.fr/images_ri/canm-e.html From official press release announcing discovery (University of Strasbourg)] access date = June 2008
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw I. D. Karachentsev (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups". Astronomical Journal. 129: 178–188. doi:10.1086/426368.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Retrieved 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  5. ^ Belokurov, 2006 A Faint New Milky Way Satellite in Bootes
  6. ^ a b c Willman, Dalcanton, Martinez-Delgado, et al. (2005) "A New Milky Way Dwarf Galaxy in Ursa Major", submitted to Astrophysical Journal Letters, on arXiv.org: [http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0503552 astro-ph/0503552]
  7. ^ a b c d e f g van den Bergh, S. (2000)Updated Information on the Local Group
  8. ^ http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0701154
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q McConnachie, A. W. et al. 2005 Distances and Metallicities for 17 Local Group Galaxies
  10. ^ a b Morrison et al. 2003 Andromeda VIII, a New Tidally Distorted satellite of M31 - for details see [1]
  11. ^ See [2]
  12. ^ Zucker et al. 2007 Andromeda X, a New Dwarf Speroidal satellite of M31:Photometry - for details see [3]
  13. ^ a b Soszynski "et al."(2006) The Araucaria Project: Distance to the Local Group Galaxy NGC 3109 from Near-Infrared Photometry of Cepheids see [4]
  14. ^ Dolphin, Andrew E. et al. 2003 Deep Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Sextans A. II. Cepheids and Distance
  15. ^ a b c d e f Karachentsev, I. D. et al. (2003)Distances to Nearby Galaxies in Sculptor
  16. ^ a b c d see article at [5]
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Karachentsev, I. D. et al.(2002)The M 81 group of galaxies: New distances, kinematics and structure
  18. ^ I. D. Karachentsev et al.(2002)New distances to galaxies in the Centaurus A group

References

Belokurov, V.; et al. (2006). "A Faint New Milky Way Satellite in Bootes". The Astrophysical Journal. 647 (2): L111–L114. doi:10.1086/507324. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

Dolphin, A. E.; et al. (2003). "Deep Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Sextans A. II. Cepheids and Distance". The Astronomical Journal. 125 (3): 1261–1290. doi:10.1086/346279. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

Karachentsev, I. D.; et al. (2002). "The M 81 group of galaxies: New distances, kinematics and structure" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 383: 125–136. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011741. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

Karachentsev, I. D.; et al. (2002). "New distances to galaxies in the Centaurus A group". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 385: 21–31. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020042. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

Karachentsev, I. D.; et al. (2003). "Distances to Nearby Galaxies in Sculptor". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 404: 93. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030170. arXiv:astro-ph/0302045. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

Karachentsev, I. D.; et al. (2004). "A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies". Astronomical Journal. 127 (4): 2031–2068. doi:10.1086/382905. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

Karachentsev, I. D. (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighbouring Galaxy Groups". The Astrophysical Journal. 129 (1): 178–188. doi:10.1086/426368.

McConnachie, A. W.; et al. (2005). "Distances and Metallicities for 17 Local Group Galaxies". MNRAS. 356: 979. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08514.x. arXiv:astro-ph/0410489. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

Tonry, J. L.; et al. (2001). "The SBF Survey of Galaxy Distances. IV. SBF Magnitudes, Colors, and Distances". Astrophysical Journal. 546 (2): 681–693. doi:10.1086/318301. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

Van den Bergh, S. (2000). "Updated Information on the Local Group" (PDF). The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 112 (770): 529–536. doi:10.1086/316548. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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