Changchun

Changchun

长春
Changchun 长春
Sub-provincial city
	Culture Square, Changchun
	Location of Changchun Prefecture within Jilin
Country	China
Province	Jilin
County-level divisions	10
Government
• Mayor	Zhu Yejing (祝業精)
Area
• Sub-provincial city	20,532 km2 (7,927 sq mi)
• Urban	3,616 km2 (1,396 sq mi)
Elevation	222 m (730 ft)
Population (2000)
• Sub-provincial city	7,135,439
• Density	350/km2 (900/sq mi)
• Urban	2.125.497
• Urban density	0.00059/km2 (0.0015/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard Time)
Postal code	130000
Area code	431
License plate prefixes	吉A
GDP (2004)	CNY 115 billion
- per capita	CNY 21,336 (2003)
Website	www.changchun.gov.cn (Chinese)

Changchun (simplified Chinese: 长春; traditional Chinese: 長春; pinyin: Chángchūn; lit. 'Long Spring') is the capital and largest city of Jilin province, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the centre of the Songliao Plain. It is a sub-provincial city. The name originated from the Jurchen language. As of 2000, Changchun has a population of 7.1 million, including counties and county-level cities. The urban districts have a total population of 3.2 million.^{[citation needed]}

History

Changchun is a new city with only about 200 years of history. Changchun started as a minor trading town. In 1800, Emperor Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty selected a small village on the east bank of the Yitong River and named it "Changchun Ting." In 1889, it was promoted as "Changchun Fu".

It expanded rapidly as the junction between of the Japanese-owned South Manchurian Railway and the Russian-owned Chinese Eastern Railway which had different rail gauges, as well as permit licences, from 1905-1935. Changchun had railway repair shops and branch lines originating in Changchun extended into Korea and Inner Mongolia In 1932 moving from Jilin City (Kirin city) 200 km to the east, Changchun became the capital of Manchukuo, a state in Manchuria. Then known as Hsinking 新京 (Pinyin: Xīnjīng, Wade-Giles: Hsin-ching, Japanese: Shinkyō, English trans.: New Capital), the capital was a well-planned city with broad avenues and modern public works. The city underwent rapid expansion in both its economy and infrastructures.

From 1931 to 1945 China's last emperor Pu Yi was installed as the Manchukuo government head by the Japanese authority. He resided in the Imperial Palace (帝宮) which is now the Museum of the Manchu State Imperial Palace (偽滿皇宫博物院).

During the the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) and World War II the Imperial Japanese Army implemented in Changchun the headquarters of Unit 100 ("Wakamatsu Unit"), under command of veterinarian Yujiro Wakamatsu. This facility dedicated itself to both the study of animal vaccines to protect Japanese resources, and, especially, veterinary biological-warfare. Diseases were tested for use against the Soviet and Chinese horses and other livestock. In addition to these tests, Unit 100 ran a bacteria factory to produce the pathogens needed by other units. Biological sabotage testing was also handled at this facility: everything from poisons to chemical crop destruction.

Severely damaged during World War II, the city was liberated by the Soviet Red Army in 1945. The Russians maintained a presence in the city after the Chinese civil war until 1946. Kuomintang forces occupied the city in 1946, but were unable to hold the countryside against Chinese Communist forces. The city fell to the communists in 1948 after a 12-month-long siege by the People's Liberation Army that resulted in a massive famine with a civilan death toll of 100,000 to 300,000. Renamed Changchun by the People's Republic of China government, it became the capital of Jilin in 1954.

File:Soviet tanks entering Changun.jpg

Soviet tanks entering Changchun

The Changchun Film Studio is also one of the remaining film factories of the era. From the 1950s, it was designated to become a center for China's automotive industry. The famous Red Flag limousines were made in Changchun as were the Liberation (Jiefang) trucks based on a Ford model used in Russia who supplied much of the early manufacturing machinery.

Changchun hosted the 2007 Winter Asian Games.

Administration

The prefecture-level city of Changchun administers 10 county-level divisions, including 6 districts, 3 county-level cities and 1 county.

Nanguan District (南关区)
Kuancheng District (宽城区)
Chaoyang District (朝阳区)
Erdao District (二道区)
Lvyuan District (绿园区)
Shuangyang District (双阳区)
Jiutai City (九台市)
Yushu City (榆树市)
Denghui City (德惠市)
Nong'an County (农安县)

Economy

Changchun is situated at Northeast Asia's geometric center. South Liaodong peninsula coastline, north to Russia and Eastern Europe, east to North Korea, South Korea, Russia, and west to Mongolia. Changchun is a important transportation and communication hub of Northeast China.

Changchun's main industry is the manufacturing of transportation facilities and machinery. It produces 20%, 50%, and 10% of all automobiles, passenger trains, and tractors made in China.

Changchun is the biggest automobile research and development center in China. The first Chinese truck and car was made in Changchun. FAW (First Automotive Works) Group is headquartered in Changchun. The automaker's factories and associated housing and services occupies a substantial portion of the city's southwest end. Specific brands produced in Changchun includes the Red Flag luxury brand, as well as joint ventures with Audi, Volkswagen, and Toyota.

The GDP per capita was ¥21336 (ca. US$2580) in 2003, ranked no. 52 among 659 Chinese cities.

Changchun hosts the yearly Changchun International Automobile Fair, Changchun Film Festival, Changchun Agricultural Fair, Education Exhibition and the Sculpture Exhibition.

Industrial zones

Changchun High-tech Industrial Development Zone
Changchun Economic & Technological Development Zone

Transportation

Changchun is served by a comprehensive bus system, as well as one traditional tram route (route 54). Most buses and the tram charge 1 Yuan (元) per ride. Changchun also has as a modern light rail line that began revenue service in 2002 and is undergoing extension. Private automobiles are becoming very common on the city's congested streets. Bicycles are relatively rare compared to other northeastern Chinese cities, but mopeds, as well as pedal and even animal-drawn carts are relatively common.

Changchun has three passenger rail stations, though most trains only stop at the central Changchun Railway Station (长春站), where there are multiple daily departures to other northeast cities such as Jilin City, Harbin, Shenyang, and Dalian, as well as Beijing.

Changchun Longjia International Airport, located well to the east of the city, has flights to cities across eastern and central China, as well as Seoul, South Korea and Tokyo, Japan.