Jump to content

Don Bradman with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Michael Devore (talk | contribs) at 15:35, 20 January 2009 (→‎Early tour: typo). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Sir Donald Bradman
Personal information
Full name
Sir Donald George Bradman
NicknameThe Don, The Boy from Bowral, Braddles
Height1.70 m (5 ft 7 in)
BattingRight-handed
BowlingRight-arm leg break
RoleBatsman
International information
National side
Test debut10 June 1948 v England
Last Test14 August 1948 v England
Career statistics
Competition Tests First-class
Matches 5 23
Runs scored 508 2428
Batting average 72.57 89.92
100s/50s 2/1 11/8
Top score 173* 187
Balls bowled – 6
Wickets – 0
Bowling average – –
5 wickets in innings – –
10 wickets in match – –
Best bowling – –
Catches/stumpings 2/0 11/0
Source: [1][2], 12 December 2007

Donald Bradman was the captain of, dominant figure in, and one of three selectors of the Australian cricket team tour of England in 1948, which went undefeated in their 34 matches including the 5 matches in the 1948 Ashes series. This unprecedented feat by a touring side earned them the sobriquet The Invincibles and resulted in them being regarded one of the greatest teams of all time.

Generally regarded as the greatest batsman in the history of cricket, Bradman played in all five Tests as captain and a right-handed top-order batsman, at No. 3. Bradman was more dominant than other Australian captains in that he was also one of three selectors who chose the squad, whereas other captains did not have an explicit vote in team selection. He was also a member of the Australian Board of Control while still playing, which was unprecedented. At the age of 40, Bradman was the by far the oldest player on the team; three quarters of his team were eight or more years younger than him and some of them viewed him as a father figure. Coupled with his status as a national hero, on-field dominance and influence as an administrator, this made his team more closely associated to him than other teams to their respective captains. Bradman's iconic stature as a cricketer also led to unprecedented public interest and attendances at cricket matches among the English public.

Bradman ended the first-class matches atop the batting aggregates and averages, with 2428 runs at 89.92, and eleven centuries, the most by any player. Despite his success, he also gained attention for his difficulty against Alec Bedser's leg trap, being dismissed three consecutive times in the Tests in this manner, and twice outside the Tests to other bowlers using the same ploy.

During the Tests, Bradman scored 138 in the first innings of the First Test at Trent Bridge, laying the foundation for Australia's 509, which set up a lead of 344 and led to victory. In the Fourth Test at Headingley, Bradman scored an unbeaten 173 on a deteriorating pitch on the final day, combining in a triple-century partnership with Arthur Morris as Australia scored 3/404[3] in the second innings to win by seven wickets, in doing so setting a world record for the highest ever successful run-chase in Test history. The tour was Bradman's international farewell, and needing only four runs for a Test career of exactly 100, he bowed out with a second ball duck in the Fifth Test at The Oval, bowled by a Eric Hollies googly. Australia nevertheless won the Test to complete a 4–0 series win, and Bradman ended the series with 508 runs at 72.57 with two centuries. Only Morris—with three centuries—scored more runs. Bradman placed third on the averages, behind Sid Barnes and Morris.

Early tour

Prior to the tour, Australia hosted India for five Tests in the 1947–48 home series during the southern hemisphere summer. Australia easily defeated the tourists 4–0, and Bradman and his fellow selectors Chappie Dwyer and Jack Ryder thus began planning and selecting the team for the tour of England. Bradman made it publicly known that he wanted his team to be the first to go through an English summer undefeated. England had agreed to make a new ball available every 55 overs, which was more frequent than usual. This meant that the ball was in a shiny state more often, and was thus more conducive to fast and swing bowling. Bradman thus chose a team with an emphasis on strong batting and fast bowling, basing his strategy on an intense speed attack against England's batsmen. His 17-man squad sailed for England and arrived in mid-April.[4]

Australia traditionally fielded its first-choice team in the tour opener, which was customarily against Worcestershire.[5] Bradman thus led his first-choice team as they removed the hosts for 233. After Sid Barnes and Arthur Morris put on 79 in 99 minutes, Bradman came in at No. 3 and put on a stand of 186 in 152 minutes with Morris before falling for 107, having hit 15 fours.[6] Morris narrowly beat Bradman to become Australia's first centurion on tour, reaching triple figures after Bradman had been on 99.[7] Bradman eventually declared Australia's innings at 8/462 and the hosts were bowled out for 212 to complete an Australian victory by an innings and 17 runs.[6]

In the next match against Leicestershire, Bradman elected to bat and promoted Keith Miller ahead of him. As Miller came out to bat the large crowd mobbed the players' entrance only to see that it was not Bradman. Bradman came to the crease at 2/157.[8] After initially being troubled by the left-arm unorthodox spin of Jack Walsh,[9] he put on 159 with Miller before he was out for 81. Australia amassed 448 and bowled out the home side for 130 and 147 to win by an innings. Bradman took one catch.[10][8]

The Australians then proceeded to play Yorkshire, on a damp pitch that suited slower bowling.[10][1][11] Bradman rested himself and his deputy Lindsay Hassett led the team. Yorkshire were bowled out in difficult batting conditions for 71, before Australia replied with 101. The hosts were then bowled out for 89. Chasing 60 for victory, the Australian top order collapsed to 6/31, before scraping home by four wickets.[12] It was the closest Australia came to defeat for the whole tour.[13]

Bradman then returned to lead the Australians in the next match against Surrey at The Oval in London, where Australia won the toss and batted first.[1][10] The last time Australia played at the ground was in 1938 in the Fifth Test, when England amassed 7/903, then declared; Bradman had hurt his ankle, and was unable to bat as Australia fell to the largest defeat in Test history.[14] Barnes and Morris put on 136, before Bradman came in to join Barnes; together they added another 207 before Barnes fell for 176.[15] After being heckled by the crowd for taking 80 minutes to reach 50,[16] Bradman went out for 146 at 3/403, before Australia was eventually bowled out for 632.[15] He had attacked the medium pacers with his pull shot, but had some difficulties reading the left arm wrist spin of John McMahon, nearly being caught behind the wicket on multiple occasions.[17] Australia then bowled Surrey out for 141 and 195 to win by an innings.[15]

Bradman rested himself for the next match against Cambridge University,[10][1] Hassett led the tourists to another innings victory.[18] In the following match against Essex, Bradman returned as Australia won the toss and batted first. Bill Brown opened with Barnes and they put on 145 in 97 minutes before Barnes hit his own wicket and was out.[19] Bradman came in and seized the initiative, reaching 42 in the 20 minutes before lunch as Australia passed 200, including five fours from one over.[20] Together with Brown, they put on a second-wicket partnership of 219 in 90 minutes, before Brown was out for 153 from three hours of batting with the score at 2/364. After Miller fell without scoring on the next ball, Ron Hamence joined Bradman and they put on another 88 before Bradman was out for 187 at 4/452.[19] Bradman had amassed his last 87 runs in 48 minutes and hit a total of 32 fours.[20] Australia went on to score a world-record 721 runs in one day.[19][21] Australia then proceeded to victory by an innings and 451 runs, their biggest winning margin for the tour.[10] Bradman rested himself for the next match against Oxford University, where Hassett oversaw another innings victory.[22][1][10]

The next match was against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. The MCC fielded seven players who would represent England in the Tests,[23][24][25][26][27][28] and were basically a full strength Test team, as were Australia, who fielded their first-choice team. Bradman captained the team and batted at No. 3. Barring one change in the bowling department, the same team lined up for Australia in the First Test, with the top six batsmen in the same position.[23][28] It was a chance to gain a psychological advantage.[who?] Australia won the toss and batted but did not make an ideal start.[who?] Morris was out for five and Bradman came in to join Barnes at 1/11. the pair added 160 before Barnes fell and then Hassett came in to join Bradman. They took the score to 200 before the Australian captain fell for 98 to leave Australia 3/200.[28] It was Bradman's highest score under 100 in first-class cricket and in his disappointment, he was slow to leave the ground after being dismissed.[29] Bradman's men went on to amass 552 and bowled out the hosts for 189 and 205 to win by an innings, with Bradman catching his opposite number Norman Yardley in the second innings.[1] Up to this point, Bradman had played in five of the first eight matches, all of which were won, seven by an innings. He had amassed 107, 81, 146, 187 and 98, a total of 619 runs at 123.80[10][1]

The MCC match was followed by Australia's first non-victory of the tour against Lancashire.[10][1] Australia were sent in and bowled out for 204, with Bradman out bowled by an arm ball from Malcolm Hilton for 11,[30] his first score on tour below 80.[1] The hosts replied with 182 and Bradman was again dismissed by Hilton, this time for 43 as the tourists reached 4/259 at the end of play.[31] When Hilton came on, Bradman attempted to hit him out of the attack, but missed his first two balls. On the third ball, he charged out of his crease and swung across the lined, missed, fell over and was stumped.[32]

In the following match against Nottinghamshire, the hosts batted first and made 179. Australia were 1/32 when Bradman came in to join Brown and they took the score to 197 when Bradman fell for 86, before the tourists reached 400. However, the hosts ended at 8/299 to hang on for a draw in the second innings.[10][1][33] Bradman rested himself for the following match against Hampshire, and Australia were dismissed for 117 in reply to the home side's 195, the first time they had conceded a first innings lead in the tour.[10][34] Hampshire were then bowled out for 103 to leave Australia a target of 182, which they reached to seal an eight-wicket win.[34][1] The final match before the First Test was against Sussex. Australia skittled the hosts for 86 before Morris and Brown put on an opening stand of 153. Bradman then joined Morris,[35] and had two early chances, being dropped on two and escaping a stumping on 25.[36] He and Morris put on 189 before the latter fell for 184. Bradman then ended his Test preparation by reaching 109,[35] in 124 minutes with 12 fours,[36] and declaring at 5/549, before completing another innings victory.[35][10]

First Test

Main article: First Test, 1948 Ashes series

Australia headed into the First Test at Trent Bridge with ten wins and two draws from twelve tour matches, with eight innings victories.[10] It was thought that Bradman would play a specialist leg spinner, but he changed his mind on the first morning when rain was forecast. Bill Johnston, a left-arm paceman and orthodox spinner, was played in the hope of exploiting a wet wicket.[5] This was the only change from the teams that Australia had fielded in the matches against Worcestershire and the MCC.[23][28][6] Yardley won the toss and elected to bat.[23] Pundits predicted that the pitch would be ideal for batting apart from some assistance to fast bowlers in the first hour.[37] The surface of the pitch had greened up overnight before play following rain.[37] Australia's selection policy meant that their reserve opener Brown would bat out of position in the middle order while Barnes and Morris opened, whereas Neil Harvey was dropped despite making a century in Australia's most recent Test against India.[38][23][39]

Despite the loss of pace spearhead Ray Lindwall during the first innings due to injury, Bradman's fast bowlers reduced England to 8/74 before finishing them off for 165.[23] Bradman dropped two catches in the first innings. English gloveman Godfrey Evans came to the crease with the score at 6/60. He hit Johnston hard to cover, where the ball went through Bradman for another boundary. The second went through Bradman's hand and struck him in the abdomen. However this did not cost Australia much, as Evans hit a ball strongly but it was caught at short leg by Morris close in at 7/74.[40]

On the second day, Morris fell at 1/73 and Bradman came in to join Barnes.[23] Yardley set a defensive field, employing leg theory to slow the scoring. He packed the leg side with fielders and ordered Alec Bedser to bowl at leg stump. Bradman almost edged the second ball onto his stumps, before defending uneasily for a period. With Jim Laker stopping the scoring at the other end, Bradman managed only four runs in his first 20 minutes.[41][42]

The score progressed to 121 when Barnes fell to Laker. Miller came in and was dismissed for a duck without further addition to Australia's total.[23][43][44][42] Laker to this point had taken 3/22 from 12.4 overs.[43][23] All the while, Australia had been scoring slowly, as they would throughout the day. Brown came in, but he looked unaccustomed to batting in the middle order.[42] Yardley then took the second new ball. Bradman struck his first boundary in over 80 minutes but the run rate remained low. Australia passed England's total before Yardley brought himself on to bowl and removed Brown.[43][42] This ended a 64-run stand with Bradman in 58 minutes, and Hassett came in at 4/185.[23]

Yardley continued to employ a leg side field, as he and Barnett bowled outside leg stump. During one over, Bradman did not attempt a single shot and then put his hands on his hips. During the 15 minutes before tea, Bradman did not add a single run and was heckled by the crowd for his lack of scoring. The Australian captain reached tea on 78, and 55 minutes after the resumption of play, he cover drove Bedser to reach his century in 218 minutes.[45] It was his 28th Test century, and his 18th in Ashes Tests,[45] with the last 29 runs taking 70 minutes. It was one of his slower innings as Yardley focused on stopping runs rather than taking wickets.[43] Bradman added a further 30 in the last hour to end with 130.[45] Australia batted to stumps on the second day without further loss, ending at 4/293, a lead of 128.[23]

After the day's play, former Australian Test leg spinner Bill O'Reilly and former teammate of Bradman, now a journalist, consulted Bedser on his use of leg theory. O'Reilly had much experience in attacking leg stump in his career and devised a plan to ensnare Bradman.[46]

On the third morning, amid sunshine,[46] Bradman resumed on 130,[23] before progressing to 132 and becoming the first player to pass 1000 runs for the English season.[43] The Australian captain was not aware of the reason for the spontaneous crowd applause until notified by wicket-keeper Evans.[46] Bedser was bowling and he soon implemented O'Reilly's plans. Hutton was moved from leg-slip to a squarer position at short fine leg, around 11 metres from the bat. Two short legs and a mid on were put in place. Bradman drove Bedser through cover for a boundary, but next ball, his innings was terminated at 138 when he glanced an inswinger from Bedser to Hutton at short fine leg, who caught the ball without having to move.[46] Bradman had batted for 290 minutes and faced 321 balls and Johnson replaced him with Australia at 5/305.[23] Bedser waved to O'Reilly in the press box. When former Australian Test cricketer and journalist Jack Fingleton reported what his friend and former team-mate O'Reilly had done, there was some debate in the media as to whether O'Reilly's actions in advising Bedser were treacherous.[46] Australia went on to end on 509 and take a 344-run first innings lead.[23]

Although Lindwall was able to run between the wickets during Australia's innings, he did not take the field in the second innings and the 12th man Neil Harvey replaced him.[47] However, Yardley was sceptical as to whether Lindwall was sufficiently injured to be forced from the field, but did not approach Bradman to object to the presence of Harvey on the field.[47]

After lunch on day four, with England on 3/191, the light was poor with clouds gathering, although England did not appeal against it. Yardley wanted to bat in poor visibility so that he could build a lead, so that if a shower came later and turned the pitch into a sticky wicket, Australia would have to chase a target on an erratic surface.[48] Bradman thought that rain might come so he utilised Ernie Toshack and Ian Johnson to bowl defensively with a leg side field so that England would not have a lead should rain and a sticky wicket arise.[48] Wisden opined that "rarely can a Test Match have been played under such appalling conditions as on this day."[43] Fingleton said the conditions were "pitiable" and "utmost gloom in which batsmen and fieldsmen had intense difficulty in sighting the ball".[49] Australia eventually finished off the hosts for 441, leaving them a target of 98 on the final afternoon.[23]

Australia proceeded steadily to 38 from 32 minutes before Morris fell.[50] Bradman came to the crease and stayed 12 minutes without getting off the mark. He was out for a duck from the 10th ball that he faced, caught again by Hutton at short fine leg in Bedser's leg trap.[43] This left Australia 2/48, but they reached the target without further loss after 87 minutes of batting.[43][23][50]

Between Tests, Bradman rested himself for the match against Northamptonshire, which started the day after the Test, with Hassett leading Australia to victory by an innings.[1][10][51] He returned for the match against Yorkshire. Bradman came in at 1/0 when Barnes fell for a duck and top-scored with 54 as Australia made 249.[52] Bradman pulled many short balls and reached 50 in 76 minutes.[53] After the hosts replied with 209, Bradman came in at 1/17 and put on 154 for the second wicket with Brown, ending with 86 as the match petered into a draw.[52] His innings ended when Hutton caught him in the leg trap.[54] Not wanting to tire his bowlers before the Second Test that started the day after next, Bradman showed little intent on winnings the match. The batsmen batted unhurriedly and set Yorkshire 329 for victory with only 70 minutes of play remaining and the hosts ended at 4/85.[52] Yardley expressed his displeasure by allowing his part-timers to bowl to Australia and then promoting tailenders to the upper half of the order in the second innings. The Australians were booed from the field by the spectators.[55]

Second Test

Main article: Second Test, 1948 Ashes series

Bradman opted to field an unchanged lineup for the Second Test at Lord's.[23][24] Following his injury in the previous Test, Lindwall was subjected to a thorough fitness test on the first morning. Bradman was not convinced of Lindwall's fitness, but the bowler's protestations was sufficient to convince his captain to gamble on his inclusion.[56] Bradman won the toss and elected to bat,[24] allowing Lindwall further time to recover.[57] Miller played, but was unfit to bowl.[58]

Barnes fell for a duck in his second over, bringing Bradman to the crease at 1/3.[59][60] Bradman received a loud reception from the crowd as he came out to bat in his final Test at Lord's.[60] Bradman initially struggled against the English bowling. He faced his first ball from Alec Coxon and inside edged it past his leg stump, before missing the third ball from Coxon and surviving an appeal for leg before wicket. Bowling from the other end, Bedser beat Bradman with seam movement off the pitch and ball narrowly skimmed past the stumps. The Australian captain managed only three runs in the first twenty minutes as Australia had only 14 after the first half hour.[60]

Edrich came on and bowled a bouncer, which Bradman tried to swing to the leg side, but instead the edge went in the air and landed behind point. On 13, Bradman played a Bedser ball from his legs, narrowly evading Hutton in the trap at short fine leg. After one hour he was on 14.[54] Bradman and Morris settled down as Coxon and Doug Wright operated. At lunch, Australia were 1/82 with Morris on 45 and Bradman 35.[60] Shortly afterwards, in the third over after the resumption of play, with the score at 87, Bradman was caught for 38 for the third consecutive time in Tests by Hutton off Bedser at short fine leg, just two days after falling the same way in the second innings against Yorkshire.[54] Australia went on to reached 7/258 at the end of day one, before a lower order burst took them to 350 on the second morning.[24]

England then started their reply, and Lindwall took the new ball and felt pain in his groin again after delivering his first ball to Hutton.[56] Despite this, Lindwall persevered through the pain.[56] Seeing that Lindwall was able to bowl through the pain, Bradman tossed the ball to Miller for the second over to see if Miller could bowl. However, Miller threw the ball back, indicating that his body would not be able to withstand it. This resulted in media consternation that Bradman and Miller had quarrelled.[61] England were bowled out for 215 on the third morning, with Lindwall taking 5/70.[24] In later years, Bradman told Lindwall that he pretended not to notice Lindwall's pain. Lindwall was worried that Bradman had noticed his injury, but Bradman later claimed that he feigned ignorance to allow Lindwall to relax.[56][24]

Australia batted much more productively in the second innings in ideal weather on the third day.[59] Morris and Barnes put on 122 before the former fell for 62.[24][62] Bradman joined Barnes at the crease for his last Test innings at the home of cricket. Yardley surrounded the Australian captain with fielders and Laker then beat his bat thrice in an over. Bedser was then introduced with the leg trap ploy again in place as he bowled on Bradman's pads. The Australian captain decided to negate the danger of being caught glancing at short fine leg by padding the ball away with his front leg.[62] Bradman accelerated after tea and took two consecutive boundaries from Wright to bring up his fifty, with Barnes on 96 and Australia at 1/222.[63]

Barnes passed his century and began accelerating before finally falling for 141,[59][64] leaving Australia at 2/296 in 277 minutes, after a 174-run partnership with Bradman.[24] Hassett was bowled first ball off the inside edge,[64] but Miller survived a loud lbw appeal on Yardley's a hat-trick ball.[65] Bradman was on 89 and heading towards a century in his last Test innings at Lord's when he fell to Bedser again, this time because of a one-handed diving effort from Edrich.[59] Bradman had been worried by Bedser's angle into his pads and the leg trap, but Bedser then moved the ball the other way towards the slips and caught Bradman's outside edge.[66] It was the fourth time out of four innings in the series that Bedser had dismissed Bradman.[23][24] This left Australia at 4/329 and Bradman declared on the following day of play at 7/460, 595 runs ahead. It would take a world record chase from England to win the match.[65][24] England lost wickets regularly and fell for 186 to lose by 409 runs.[24]

The next match was against Surrey and started the day after the Test. Australia elected to field and the hosts made 221. Brown injured a finger while fielding, so he was not able to bat in Australia's first innings.[67] Ron Hamence filled in as an opener but was out for a duck, so Bradman joined Hassett at 1/6. Bradman made 128 and put on 231 with Hassett (139) as Australia replied with 389.[68] Bradman's innings took only 140 minutes with 15 fours and was described by Jack Fingleton as "lovely".[55] In the second innings, Australia's makeshift openers Harvey and Sam Loxton chased down the 122 runs for victory to complete a 10-wicket win.[10][1][68] Australia wanted to finish the run-chase quickly so they could watch the Australian John Bromwich play at Wimbledon and after Bradman had accepted Harvey's offer to open, Australia made the runs in only one hour.[69] Bradman rested himself for the following match against Gloucestershire before the Third Test.[10][1] Hassett led the team as Australia reached 7/774 declared, its highest of the tour, underpinning an innings victory.[10][70]

Third Test

Main article: Third Test, 1948 Ashes series

The teams reassembled at Old Trafford for the Third Test. Australia dropped Brown, who had scored 73 runs at 24.33 in three innings,[23][24] replaced by the all rounder Loxton,[25] who had made an unbeaten 47 against Surrey and an unbeaten 159 against Gloucestershire.[68][70] Yardley won the toss and elected to bat.[25]

On the second day, Bradman was involved in effecting a run out. Denis Compton hit a ball into the covers and Bradman and Loxton collided in an attempt to prevent a run. Compton called Bedser through for a run on the misfield, but Loxton recovered and threw the ball to the wicket-keeper's end with Bedser a long way short of the crease.[71] It ended an innings of 145 minutes, in which Bedser scored 37 and featured in a 121-run partnership with Compton.[26] Bradman then caught Jack Young to end England's innings at 363.[25] Having dropped Brown, Barnes was hit in the ribs by a Dick Pollard pull shot and taken to hospital, leaving Australia with only Morris as a specialist opener. Ian Johnson was deployed as Australia's makeshift second opener. He fell for one to bring Bradman to bat.[72] Pollard then trapped Bradman with an off cutter that struck the Australian captain on the back foot for seven to leave Australia at 2/13.[25][72] Australia were eventually out for 221, yielding a 142-run lead.[25]

When Edrich came to the crease, Bradman advised Lindwall not to bowl any bouncers at Edrich, fearing that it would be interpreted as retaliation for Edrich's bouncing of Lindwall in the first innings and lead to a negative media and crowd reaction. Although Lindwall did not retaliate, Miller did retaliate with a four consecutive bouncers, earning the ire of the crowd.[73] He struck Edrich on the body before Bradman intervened and ordered him to stop,[74] before apologising to Edrich.[75] England reached 3/174, a lead of 316, at the end of day three, but declared on the fifth morning after the fourth day was washed out. Bradman chose the light roller and play was supposed to begin after lunch.[76] However, play did not begin until after tea and the pitch played very slowly with the excess moisture. With Australia not looking to chase the runs, Yardley often had seven men in close catching positions.[77] Australia showed little attacking intent and Bradman joined Morris with Australia at 1/10 after 32 minutes.[77][25]

Bradman then played 11 balls from Young without scoring. Yardley used the spin of Young and Compton for an hour, with Morris and Bradman making little effort to score. For 105 minutes, Morris stayed at one end and Bradman at the other, with neither looking to rotate the strike with singles. Bradman only played eight balls from Morris's main end, and at one point was so startled that Morris wanted a single that he sent him back.[77] The tourists thereafter batted safely in a defensive manner to ensure a draw. They ended at 1/92 in 61 overs, a run rate of 1.50, with 35 maidens,[25] which was the slowest innings run rate to date in the series.[23][24] Bradman finished unbeaten on 30 from 146 balls when the match was finally put out of its misery by a series of periodic rain interruptions.[77][78]

After the Test, Bradman managed only six as Australia scored 317 and 0/22 to defeat Middlesex by ten wickets in their only county match between Tests.[10][1] He was against caught in the leg trap with Denis Compton being the catcher.[79]

Fourth Test

Main article: Fourth Test, 1948 Ashes series

The Fourth Test was played at Headingley, with Australia making two changes.[26][25] Harvey replaced the injured Sid Barnes,[80] while Saggers replaced Tallon, who had a finger injury, behind the stumps.[81] Brown was not recalled for the Fourth Test to open; instead, Hassett was promoted to open with Morris, while the teenager Harvey came into the middle-order.[26] As Australia were leading 2–0 after three Tests,[25] England needed to win the last two Tests to square the series.[25] England won the toss and elected to bat on an ideal batting pitch.[82][26]

Bradman set defensive fields on the first day as England's batsmen dominated to reach stumps at 2/268.[83][26] Jack Fingleton said that Australia's day went "progressively downhill" and was its worst day of bowling since the Second World War, citing the proliferation of full tosses.[84] The hosts were eventually out for 496, their largest score of the series,[23][24][25][26][27] late on the second day. Bedser removed Morris for six to leave Australia at 1/13.[26][85] This brought Bradman to the crease and he was mobbed by the spectators on a ground where he had previously scored two triple centuries and another century in three Tests at the venue.[86] He had made a Test world record of 334 in 1930, scoring 309 in one day.[87] Many spectators walked onto the playing arena to greet the arrival of Bradman and he doffed his baggy green and raised his bat to greet them.[86] Fingleton opined that "on this field he [Bradman] has won his greatest honours; nowhere else has he been so idolatrously acclaimed".[88] Bradman got off the mark from his first ball, which Compton prevented from going for four with a diving stop near the boundary. Hassett was restrained, while Bradman attacked, taking three fours from one Edrich over. Bradman was 31 and Hassett 13 as the tourists reached stumps at 2/63.[26] Bradman did the majority of the scoring in the late afternoon, scoring 31 in a partnership of 50.[26]

On the third morning,[88] Bradman resumed proceedings by taking a single from a Bedser no ball.[89] In the second over bowled by Pollard, Hassett fell for 13 on the second ball. Miller came to the crease and drove his first ball for three runs, bring Bradman on strike for the fourth ball of the over. Pollard then pitched a ball in the same place as he did to Hassett, but this time it skidded off the pitch and knocked out Bradman's off stump for 33.[82][26][89] The crowd, sensing the importance of the two quick wickets, in particular that of Bradman, who had been so productive at Headingley, erupted.[89] This left Australia struggling at 3/68, but a rapid counterattack by the middle and lower order took then to 9/457 at stumps and eventually 458 on the fourth morning.[82][26]

England batted for the second time, and after lunch, Bradman set fields to restrict the scoring, as England passed 100 without loss.[90] Washbrook then hooked Johnston and top edged it, but Bradman failed to take the catch.[91] He repeated the shot soon after and Harvey took the catch at 1/129.[91][26] Johnson then removed Hutton for 57 without further addition to the total, caught by Bradman on the run, leaving England at 2/129.[26][91] England then reached 8/362 at the close, a lead of 400.[26] England batted on for five minutes on the final morning, adding three runs in two overs before Yardley declared at 8/365.[82][26] As the batting team is allowed to choose which (if any) roller can be used at the start of the day's play, this ploy allowed Yardley to ask the groundsman to use a heavy roller, which would help to break up the wicket and make the surface more likely to spin.[82] Bradman had done a similar thing during the previous Ashes series in Australia in order to make the batting conditions more difficult for England. England needed to beat Australia to avoid a series defeat.[92] At the start of any innings, the batting captain also has the choice of having the pitch rolled. Bradman elected to not have the pitch rolled at all, demonstrating his opinion that such a device would make it harder to bat on.[93]

This left Australia to chase 404 runs for victory. At the time, this would have been the highest ever fourth innings score to result in a Test victory for the batting side. Australia had only 345 minutes to reach the target, and the local press wrote them off, predicting that they would be dismissed by lunchtime on a deteriorating wicket expected to favour the spin bowlers.[94] Morris and Hassett started slowly, with only six runs in the first six overs on a pitch that offered spin and bounce.[82] Only 44 runs came in the first hour, leaving 360 runs needed in 285 minutes.[95][94] Both players survived close calls from near misses before Hassett fell at 1/57.[96]

Bradman joined Morris with 347 runs needed in 257 minutes.[94] After receiving another rapturous welcome from the Headingley spectators,[97] Bradman signalled his intentions by hitting a boundary from Compton; and then, on his first ball from Laker, cover driving against the spin for a boundary. He reached 12 in six minutes.[97][94] Yardley then called upon the occasional leg spin of Hutton in an attempt to exploit the turning wicket. Morris promptly joined Bradman in the counter-attack, and 20 overs came in two Hutton overs, which Fingleton described as "rather terrible" due to the errant length. Bradman took two fours off Hutton's second over before almost holing out to Yardley. This let Australia reach 1/96 from 90 minutes.[97]

In the next over, Compton deceived Bradman with a googly. Bradman expected the ball to turn in, but it went the other way, took the outside edge and ran away past slip for four. Bradman leg-glanced the next one for another boundary, before again failing to read a googly on the third ball. This time the edge went to Crapp, who failed to hold on. The sixth ball of Compton's over beat Bradman and hit him on the pads.[98] At the other end, Morris continued to plunder Hutton's inaccurate leg breaks, and Australia reached lunch at 1/121, with Morris on 63 and Bradman on 35.[95][94] Hutton had conceded 30 runs in four overs,[99] and in the half hour preceding the interval, Australia had added 64 runs. Both players had been given lives.[82][82]

After the break, Morris added 37 runs in 14 minutes from a series of Compton full tosses and long hops, while Bradman had only added three.[99] This prompted Yardley to take the new ball.[82] Bradman reached 50 in 60 minutes and then aimed a drive from Ken Cranston, but sliced it in the air to point. Yardley dived and got his hands to the ball, but failed to hold on.[99] Australia reached 202-halfway to the required total-with 165 minutes left, after Morris dispatched consecutive full tosses from Laker.[99] Bradman then hooked two boundaries, but suffered a fibrositis attack, which put him in significant pain. Drinks were then taken,[100] and Morris had to farm the strike until Bradman's pain had subsided.[94] Australia then reached 250 shortly before tea with Morris on 133 and Bradman on 92. Bradman then reached his century in 147 minutes as the second-wicket stand passed 200.[100]

Bradman was given another life at 108 when he advanced two metres down the pitch to Jim Laker and missed, but Evans fumbled the stumping opportunity.[82][100] Australia reached tea at 1/292 having added 171 during the session. Morris was eventually dismissed for 182,[26] having partnered Bradman in a stand of 301 in 217 minutes. This brought Miller to the crease with 46 runs still required. He struck two boundaries and helped take the score to 396 before falling with eight runs still needed. Harvey came in and got off the mark with a boundary that brought up the winning runs. this sealed an Australian victory by seven wickets, setting a new world record for the highest successful Test run-chase, with Bradman unbeaten on 173 with 29 fours in only 255 minutes.[94][95][26]

Immediately after the Fourth Test, Bradman scored 62, before being bowled attempting a pull shot to a ball that kept low,[79] as Australia amassed 456 and defeated Derbyshire by an innings.[101][10] Bradman rested himself in the next match against Glamorgan, a rain-affected draw that did not reach the second innings.[10] He then scored 31 and 13 not out, bowled by Eric Hollies as Australia defeated Warwickshire by nine wickets.[1][10] Hollies's 8/107 was the best innings bowling figures against the Australians in the summer and earned him selection for the Fifth Test, where he famously dismissed Bradman in his final Test innings for a duck.[102] Australia proceeded to face and drew with Lancashire for the second time on the tour.[10][1] Bradman made 28 after being dropped twice in Australia's 321 before taking two catches as the tourists took a 191-run lead.[103][104] He then came in at 1/16 and put on 161 for the second wicket with Barnes, ending unbeaten on 133 when he declared at 3/265. The home side hung on for a draw at 7/199 when time ran out.[104][10] Bradman then rested himself for the non-first-class match against Durham, a rain-affected draw that did not reach the second innings.[10][105]

Fifth Test

Main article: Fifth Test, 1948 Ashes series

Australia then headed to The Oval for the Fifth Test. Barnes and Tallon returned from injury, while Ernie Toshack was out injured, and the off spin of Doug Ring replaced Johnson's off spin.[26][27][106] Hundreds of spectators had slept on wet pavements in rainy weather the night before the Test to queue for tickets. Bradman had announced that he would retire at the end of the season, so the public were anxious to witness his last appearance at Test level.[107]

English skipper Norman Yardley won the toss and elected to bat on a rain-affected pitch.[108][106] It was regarded as a surprise that Yardley decided to bat. Although The Oval had a tradition of being a batting paradise, weather conditions suggested that bowlers would be advantaged by the conditions.[108] Jack Fingleton speculated that Bradman would have bowled if he had won the toss.[108] Propelled by Lindwall's 6/20, England were dismissed for 52 in 42.1 overs on the first afternoon.[27]

In contrast, Australia batted with apparent ease,[106] as the overcast skies cleared and sun came out.[107] Australia had reached 100 at 17:30 with Barnes on 52 and Morris on 47.[107] The score had reached 117 before Barnes removed by Hollies for 61.[27] This brought Bradman to the crease shortly before 18:00, late on the first day.[106] As Bradman had announced that the tour was his last at international level,[109] the innings would be his last at Test level if Australia batted only once. The crowd gave him a standing ovation as he walked out to bat.[106] Yardley led the Englishmen in giving his Australian counterpart three cheers,[106] before shaking Bradman's hand.[107] With 6996 Test career runs, he only needed four runs to average 100 in Test cricket.[110] Bradman took guard and played the first ball from Hollies from the back foot. Hollies pitched the next ball up, bowling Bradman for a duck with a googly that went between bat and pad as the batsman leaned forward.[106] Bradman appeared stunned by what had happened and slowly turned around and walked back to the pavilion, receiving another large round of applause.[111] Australia went on to make 389 and then bowled England out for 188 to win by an innings and 149 runs.[27]

This result sealed the series 4–0 in favour of Australia.[94] The match was followed by a series of congratulatory speeches.[106]

Bradman said

No matter what you may read to the contrary, this is definitely my last Test match ever. I am sorry my personal contribution has been so small...It has been a great pleasure for me to come on this tour and I would like you all to know how much I have appreciated it...We have played against a very lovable opening skipper...It will not be my pleasure to play ever again on this Oval but I hope it will not be the last time I come to England.[112]

Yardley said

In saying good-bye to Don we are saying good-bye to the greatest cricketer of all time. He is onot only a great cricketer but a great sportsman, on and off the field. I hope this is not the last time we see Don Bradman in this country.[112]

Bradman was then given three cheers and the crowd sung "For he's a jolly good fellow" before dispersing.[112]

Later tour matches

Seven matches remained on Bradman's quest to go through a tour of England without defeat.[10] Australia batted first against Kent and Bradman made 65, putting on 104 with Brown as Australia made 361 ane won by an innings.[113][1] In the next match against the Gentlemen of England, Bradman came to the crease at 1/40 and featured in a 180-run second wicket partnership with Brown, before adding another 110 with Hassett. He was out for 150 at 3/331 before declaring at 5/610 against a team that featured eight Test players. Australia went on to win by an innings.[114] He then rested himself as Australia defeated Somerset by an innings and 374 runs.[1][10] He then made 143 against the South of England, adding 188 for the third wicket with Hassett. Australia declared at 7/522 and bowled out the hosts for 298 when rain ended the match.[10][1]

Australia's biggest challenge in the post-Test tour matches was against the Leveson-Gower's XI. During the last tour in 1938, this team was effectively a full-strength England outfit and defeated Australia, but this time Bradman insisted that only six of the season's Test players be allowed to play. Bradman then fielded a full-strength team,[115] with the only difference from the Fifth Test team being Johnson coming for Doug Ring. His bowlers skittled the hosts for 177, and Morris and Barnes put on an opening stand of 102 before Morris was out for 62. Bradman joined Barnes and they put on 225 runs for the second wicket. Bradman top-scored with 153 as Australia declared at 8/469 late on the final day.[116] Upon reaching 153, he threw away his wicket with a lofted cover drive. He had already began heading for the pavilion before the catch was taken, ending his last first-class innings in England.[117] The hosts were 2/75 when the match ended in a draw after multiple rain delays. It was Australia's last first-class match for the tour and when it became obvious that they would not lose, Bradman bowled his only over of the tour, conceding two runs.[27][116][1]

The tour ended with two non-first-class matches against Scotland. In the first match, Bradman made 27 of Australia's 236 as the tourists took an innings victory. In the second match, Bradman top-scored with 123 not out batting at No. 6, hitting 17 fours and two sixes in 89 minutes as Australia declared at 6/407 as Australia ended the tour with another innings victory.[118] As Australia proceeded towards another win the second innings, Bradman allowed nine players to bowl, including the wicket-keeper Tallon.[10][1][119]

Role

A chart showing Bradman's batting performance during the tour. The runs scored per innings are represented by the bars, with the red bars being Test innings and the pink bars being other first-class innings. The blue line is the average of the five most recent innings and the dots indicate not outs.[1]

Along with Chappie Dwyer and Jack Ryder, Bradman was one of the three selectors who chose the squad to tour England.[120] This gave Bradman more power than other Australian captains, who did not have an explicit vote in team selection. This was further magnified by Bradman occupying a seat on the Board of Control while an active player, a threefold combination that he alone has occupied in Australian cricket history.[121] According to Gideon Haigh, he "was the dominant figure in Australian cricket",[122] who went on to become an "unimpeachable figure".[121]

Turning 40 in August during the tour,[123] Bradman was the by far the most senior and oldest player on the team. Bill Brown was the next oldest, making his third tour of England at 36,[124] His vice-captain Lindsay Hassett was the next, at the age of 35.[125] Ernie Toshack was born in December 1914,[126] and the remaining 13 players were born in 1916 or later.[127] Five players, including Ray Lindwall, Bill Johnston and Morris, his two most prolific Test bowlers and batsman respectively, were more than 12 years younger than him.[128] Neil Harvey, the youngest player at the age of 19, was only two months old when Bradman made his Test debut.[129] Bradman was viewed as a father figure by players such as Harvey and Sam Loxton.[130] Prior to the tour, Bradman had played 47 Tests;[131] Brown, the only player who had played regularly before the Second World War, had played 20 Tests.[124] For Bradman, it was the most personally fulfilling period of his playing days, as the divisiveness within the team of the 1930s had passed. He wrote:[132]

Knowing the personnel, I was confident that here at last was the great opportunity which I had longed for. A team of cricketers whose respect and loyalty were unquestioned, who would regard me in a fatherly sense and listen to my advice, follow my guidance and not question my handling of affairs ... there are no longer any fears that they will query the wisdom of what you do. The result is a sense of freedom to give full reign to your own creative ability and personal judgment.

Bradman's dominant cricket stature was also a key platform of his team's popularity with the public. The leading English writer R. C. Robertson-Glasgow said "We want him to do well. We feel we have a share in him. He is more than Australian. He is a world batsman".[133] Haigh opined that "perhaps no touring cricketer...has been as feted as Bradman in that northern summer".[133] The Australians were invariably greeted by record crowds and gate receipts across the country.[133][134] The attendance at the Fourth Test remains a record for a Test on English soil.[82] The Australian journalist Andy Flanagan said that "cities, towns and hotels are beflagged, carpets set down, and dignatories wait to extend an official welcome. He is the Prince of Cricketers."[133] Haigh said that "cricket approached the 50s at the peak of its popularity, albeit, after Bradman's final Test...without the player chiefly responsible for it".[133] Of Bradman's retirement, Robertson-Glasgow said "... a miracle has been removed from among us. So must ancient Italy have felt when she heard of the death of Hannibal".[135]

Bradman ended the first-class matches atop the batting aggregates and averages, with 2428 runs at 89.92, and eleven centuries, the most by any player.[2] The next most prolific scorer was Morris with 1922 runs, and Hassett had the next best average with 74.42.[2] His highest score of the tour was 187 against Essex, and he reached 150 on four occasions.[1] Despite his success, he also gained attention for his difficulty against Alec Bedser's leg trap, being dismissed three consecutive times in the Tests in this manner, and twice outside the Tests to other bowlers using the same ploy.[54][79] Robertson-Glasgow said "At last his batting showed human fallibility. Often, especially at the start of the innings, he played where the ball wasn't, and spectators rubbed their eyes".[135] In the Tests, Bradman finished with 508 runs at 72.57 and two centuries. Only Morris and Barnes averaged higher and only Morris and Denis Compton of England aggregated more.[136][137] Apart from the match against Leicestershire, when he batted at No. 4,[8] and the two non-first-class matches against Scotland,[118][119] Bradman always batted at No. 3.[6][8][12][15][18][19][22][28][31][33][34][35][51][52][68][70][138][101][139][140][104][105][113][114][141][142][116][118][119][23][24][25][26][27] Bradman bowled only one over during the tour, against the Leveson-Gower's XI when the result of the match was beyond doubt.[1][116]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y "Player Oracle DG Bradman 1948". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  2. ^ a b c "Batting and bowling averages Australia tour of England, Apr-Sep 1948 - First-class matches". Cricinfo. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  3. ^ This notation means three wickets were lost in the process of scoring 404 runs.
  4. ^ Perry (2005), pp. 222–;225.
  5. ^ a b Haigh, Gideon (2007-05-26). "Gentrifying the game". Cricinfo. Retrieved 2007-06-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ a b c d "Worcestershire v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  7. ^ Fingleton, pp. 46–47.
  8. ^ a b c d "Leicestershire v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  9. ^ Fingleton, p. 49.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "Matches, Australia tour of England, Apr-Sep 1948". Cricinfo. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
  11. ^ Fingleton, pp. 53–55.
  12. ^ a b "Yorkshire v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  13. ^ Fingleton, pp. 53–57.
  14. ^ Fingleton, p. 57.
  15. ^ a b c d "Surrey v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  16. ^ Fingleton, p. 59.
  17. ^ Fingleton, pp. 59–60.
  18. ^ a b "Cambridge University v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
  19. ^ a b c d "Essex v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
  20. ^ a b Fingleton, p. 67.
  21. ^ Perry (2005), p. 226.
  22. ^ a b "Oxford University v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "1st Test England v Australia at Nottingham Jun 10–15 1948". Cricinfo. Retrieved 2007-12-12. Cite error: The named reference "sco1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "2nd Test England v Australia at Lord's Jun 24–29 1948". Cricinfo. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "3rd Test England v Australia at Manchester Jul 8-13 1948". Cricinfo. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "4th Test England v Australia at Leeds Jul 22-27 1948". Cricinfo. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h "5th Test England v Australia at The Oval Aug 14–18 1948". Cricinfo. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
  28. ^ a b c d e "MCC v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  29. ^ Fingleton, p. 72.
  30. ^ Fingleton, p. 75.
  31. ^ a b "Lancashire v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  32. ^ Fingleton, p. 76.
  33. ^ a b "Nottinghamshire v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
  34. ^ a b c "Hampshire v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  35. ^ a b c d "Sussex v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  36. ^ a b Fingleton, p. 79.
  37. ^ a b Fingleton, p. 82.
  38. ^ "Statsguru - Australia - Tests - Results list". Cricinfo. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  39. ^ Perry (2002), p. 100.
  40. ^ Fingleton, p. 87.
  41. ^ Fingleton, p. 90.
  42. ^ a b c d Fingleton, p. 91.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h "First Test Match ENGLAND v AUSTRALIA". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. Wisden. 1949. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
  44. ^ Perry (2005), p. 235.
  45. ^ a b c Fingleton, p. 92.
  46. ^ a b c d e Fingleton, p. 93.
  47. ^ a b Fingleton, p. 96.
  48. ^ a b Fingleton, p. 101.
  49. ^ Fingleton, p. 103.
  50. ^ a b Fingleton, p. 105.
  51. ^ a b "Northamptonshire v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  52. ^ a b c d "Yorkshire v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
  53. ^ Fingleton, p. 193.
  54. ^ a b c d Fingleton, p. 109.
  55. ^ a b Fingleton, p. 195.
  56. ^ a b c d Perry (2001), p. 223.
  57. ^ Perry (2001), p. 233.
  58. ^ Perry (2005), p. 239.
  59. ^ a b c d "Second Test Match ENGLAND v AUSTRALIA". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. Wisden. 1949. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
  60. ^ a b c d Fingleton, p. 108.
  61. ^ Perry (2005), p. 240.
  62. ^ a b Fingleton, p. 116.
  63. ^ Fingleton, p. 117.
  64. ^ a b Fingleton, p. 118.
  65. ^ a b Perry (2005), p. 241.
  66. ^ Fingleton, p. 120.
  67. ^ "Australians in England, 1948". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack (1949 ed.). Wisden. pp. 237–238.
  68. ^ a b c d "Surrey v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  69. ^ Fingleton, p. 196.
  70. ^ a b c "Gloucestershire v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
  71. ^ Fingleton, p. 136.
  72. ^ a b Fingleton, p. 137.
  73. ^ Perry (2005), p. 243.
  74. ^ Perry (2005), p. 244.
  75. ^ Fingleton, p. 143.
  76. ^ Fingleton, p. 145.
  77. ^ a b c d Fingleton, p. 146.
  78. ^ "Third Test Match ENGLAND v AUSTRALIA". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. Wisden. 1949. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
  79. ^ a b c Fingleton, p. 200.
  80. ^ Perry (2002), p. 101.
  81. ^ Lemmon, p. 103.
  82. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Fourth Test Match ENGLAND v AUSTRALIA". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. Wisden. 1949. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
  83. ^ Fingleton, p. 152.
  84. ^ Fingleton, p. 154.
  85. ^ Fingleton, p. 158.
  86. ^ a b Fingleton, pp. 158–159.
  87. ^ Cashman, pp. 20–30.
  88. ^ a b Fingleton, p. 159.
  89. ^ a b c Fingleton, p. 160.
  90. ^ Fingleton, p. 169.
  91. ^ a b c Fingleton, p. 170.
  92. ^ Fingleton, p. 172.
  93. ^ Fingleton, p. 173.
  94. ^ a b c d e f g h Perry (2001), pp. 84–89.
  95. ^ a b c Pollard, p. 15.
  96. ^ Fingleton, pp. 174–175.
  97. ^ a b c Fingleton, p. 175.
  98. ^ Fingleton, pp. 175–176.
  99. ^ a b c d Fingleton, p. 176.
  100. ^ a b c Fingleton, p. 177.
  101. ^ a b "Derbyshire v Australians". CricketArchive. 1948-07-28. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  102. ^ Fingleton, pp. 204–205.
  103. ^ Fingleton, p. 206.
  104. ^ a b c "Lancashire v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  105. ^ a b "Durham v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  106. ^ a b c d e f g h "Fifth Test Match ENGLAND v AUSTRALIA". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. Wisden. 1949. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
  107. ^ a b c d Fingleton, p. 186.
  108. ^ a b c Fingleton, p. 183.
  109. ^ "Biographical essay by Michael Page". State Library South Australia. Retrieved 2008-05-19.
  110. ^ "The Bradman interview (transcript)". Cricinfo. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
  111. ^ Fingleton, p. 187.
  112. ^ a b c Fingleton, p. 191.
  113. ^ a b "Kent v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
  114. ^ a b "Gentlemen v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
  115. ^ Perry (2005), pp. 253–254.
  116. ^ a b c d "H.D.G. Leveson-Gower's XI v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  117. ^ Fingleton, p. 209.
  118. ^ a b c "Scotland v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  119. ^ a b c "Scotland v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  120. ^ Perry (2005), 159, 262.
  121. ^ a b Haigh and Frith, p. 100.
  122. ^ Haigh and Frith, p. 88.
  123. ^ Cashman, p. 33.
  124. ^ a b Cashman, p. 38.
  125. ^ Cashman, p. 119.
  126. ^ Cashman, p. 299.
  127. ^ Cashman, pp. 14–15, 115, 152, 199, 212–213, 258–259, 267, 289.
  128. ^ Cashman, pp. 153, 174, 176, 215–216, 118.
  129. ^ Cashman, pp. 33, 118.
  130. ^ Perry (2006), p. 168.
  131. ^ Cashman, pp. 33–38.
  132. ^ Bradman (1950), p 152.
  133. ^ a b c d e Haigh and Frith, p. 101.
  134. ^ Perry (2005), p. 226.
  135. ^ a b Robertson-Glasgow, R. C. (1949 edition). ""A Miracle Has Been Removed From Among Us"". Wisden. Retrieved 2007-08-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
  136. ^ "Batting and bowling averages The Ashes, 1948 - Australia". Cricinfo. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  137. ^ "Batting and bowling averages The Ashes, 1948 - England". Cricinfo. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  138. ^ "Middlesex v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  139. ^ "Glamorgan v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  140. ^ "Warwickshire v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  141. ^ "South of England v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  142. ^ "Somerset v Australians". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2008-12-18.

References

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don_Bradman_with_the_Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1948&oldid=265298217"