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Typhoon Morakot

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Typhoon Morakot
Very strong typhoon (JMA scale)
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
Typhoon Morakot near peak intensity.
FormedAugust 2, 2009
DissipatedAugust 10, 2009
Highest winds10-minute sustained: 165 km/h (105 mph)
1-minute sustained: 175 km/h (110 mph)
Lowest pressure945 hPa (mbar); 27.91 inHg
Fatalities66 direct, >700 missing
Damage$3.4 billion (2009 USD)
Areas affectedPhilippines, Taiwan, China
Part of the 2009 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Morakot (International designation: 0908, JTWC designation: 09W, PAGASA name: Kiko) formed early on August 2 2009, as an unnamed tropical depression. During that day the depression gradually developed before being upgraded to a Tropical Storm and assigned the name Morakot, which means sugarcane in Thai, by the JMA late on August 3.

Torrential rains from the storm killed at least 38 people in Taiwan,[1][2] with over 600 more missing, many of whom are feared dead after a massive mudslide buried an entire town. An additional 22 people were killed in the Philippines and six more in China.[3] Damages from the storm amounted to at least $1.3 billion in China[4] and more than $2.1 billion in Taiwan.[5] In the Taiwan village of Xiaolin, of its 1,300 residents, about 600 are believed to have died in a mudslide.[6]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Early on August 2, 2009, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that the season's eleventh tropical depression had formed within a monsoon trough located about 1000 km (620 mi), to the east of the Philippines.[7][8] However the depression remained weak, and was downgraded to an area of low pressure before regenerating later that day.[9][10][11] Both the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) then started to monitor the depression early the next day whilst it was located about 700 km (430 mi) to the southeast of Okinawa, Japan with PAGASA assigning the name Kiko to the depression.[8][12] The JTWC were reporting at this time that it was an area of convection with deep convection flaring on the western side of a partially exposed low level circulation center at this time.[8]

Later on August 3, the JMA reported that the depression had intensified into a Tropical Storm and named it as Morakot. The JTWC further designated it as Tropical Depression 09W as deep convection had increased over the low level circulation center and reported that it was moving around a low level ridge of pressure which was located to the east of the low level circulation center. On the morning of August 4, the JTWC reported that the Morakot had steadily intensified into a Tropical storm as wind-speeds were estimated to be near 65 km/h (40 mph) with deep convective banding building towards the low level circulation center under the influence of a subtropical ridge located to the east of the system. Later that day the JMA reported that Morakot had intensified into a Severe Tropical Storm.

Impact and records

Comparison of previous world rainfall records
with Typhoon Morakot
Bold indicates current world record
Duration
(hours) 		Storm name
and year 		Record prior
to Morakot 		Morakot total +/-
(in mm)
mm in mm in
24 Denise (1966) 1825 71.8 2540 100.0 +175
48 Unnamed (1958) 2467 97.1 2900 114.17 +433
72 Gamede (2007) 3929 154.6 3000 118.11 -929
96 Gamede (2007) 4869 191.7 3000 118.11 -1869
Total Hyacinthe (1980) 5678 223.5 3000 118.11 -2678

Philippines

Flooding in the Philippines

In the Philippines, eleven villages (Paudpod, San Juan, Baton-lapoc, Carael, Tampo, Paco, San Miguel, Binig, Bangan, and Capayawan) have been submerged in 4-foot to 5-foot deep floods after the Pinatubo Dike overflowed.[13] Joint military and police rescue teams rescued 3 Koreans and 9 Canadian nationals. About 30,000 families were affected by Morakot; eleven people are confirmed dead.[14][15] Three French tourists and two Filipino guides were killed in a flashflood caused by a landslide. Thousands are trapped on rooftops or in trees awaiting helicopter rescue attempts and thousands have lost their homes. At least two have died from flooding. Landslides have claimed the lives of no less than twelve miners while others are still missing after a mine caved in. Schools have suspended their classes in the hardest hit area, and highways have been closed due to landslides.[16]

Taiwan

The coast of Keelung, Taiwan, which the effects of Morakot can be seen from.
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Taiwan
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1 3,060 120.47 Morakot 2009 Alishan, Chiayi [17]
2 2,319 91.30 Nari 2001 Wulai, New Taipei [18]
3 2,162 85.12 Flossie 1969 Beitou, Taipei [17]
4 1,987 78.23 Herb 1996 Alishan, Chiayi [19]
5 1,774 69.84 Saola 2012 Yilan City [20]
6 1,713.5 67.461 Krathon 2024 Taitung County [21]
7 1,700 66.93 Lynn 1987 Taipei [22]
8 1,672 65.83 Clara 1967 Dongshan, Yilan [23]
9 1,611 63.43 Sinlaku 2008 Heping, Taichung [24]
10 1,561 61.46 Haitang 2005 Sandimen, Pingtung [25]

In Taiwan, where schools were closed ahead of the typhoon, Morakot caused landslides, severe floods, blew down trees and billboards, and stripped roofs from buildings. In a positive impact, Morakot brought much-needed rain to Taiwan, ending a month-long drought, and replenished reservoirs enough to warrant an end to water rationing.[26] However, on the island, 18 people were killed, 35 were injured and 131 are missing.[27] Almost the entire southern region of Taiwan (Chiayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung, and Pingtung counties) and parts of Taitung County were flooded by record-breaking heavy rain. The rainfall in Pingtung County exceeded 2,500 millimetres (98 in), breaking all rainfall records of any single place in Taiwan induced by a single typhoon.[28] Airlines in Taiwan have held some flights in and out of the airport, and seaports are closed. Electricity has been lost to approximately 25,000 homes.[29] Reports indicated that at least 600 people were missing throughout southern Taiwan. Most of the people were residents of Shiao-Lin Village (小林), a 1300 residents mountain village in Jiaxian, Kaohsiung. The village is buried by a massive mudslide that destroyed most of the town.[30][31] It is reported that all roads toward Namaxia, Kaohsiung have been either blocked or washed away by severe mudslides. Hundreds of residents have been trapped for four days, and are running out of food and water. In addition, water and electricity have all been cut.[32]

China

Southeast China has evacuated 953,000 residents and called more than 35,000 boats to shore.[33] A fishing boat has capsized and search and rescue efforts have begun for nine missing fishermen.[34] A total of 34,000 watercraft sought refuge ahead of the storm.[35] Damages in the country amounted to at least 2.2 billion yuan ($321.8 million).[30]

See also

References

  1. ^ http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Storm-Morakot-China-Landslide-Topples-Several-Buildings-Buries-Residents-In-Pengzi-Xinhua-Report/Article/200908215358185?lpos=World_News_Carousel_Region_2&lid=ARTICLE_15358185_Storm_Morakot%3A_China_Landslide_Topples_Several_Buildings%2C_Buries_Residents%2C_In_Pengzi%2C_Xinhua_Report
  2. ^ "Article - WSJ.com". Online.wsj.com. 2002-10-03. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
  3. ^ The Associated Press. "Typhoons slam Asia; 1 million evacuate in China | News for Dallas, Texas | Dallas Morning News | Headline | International News". Dallasnews.com. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
  4. ^ "Massive landslide buries unknown number of people after typhoon sweeps east China_English_Xinhua". News.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
  5. ^ "News: Typhoon Morakot Floods Southern Taiwan". ToTheCenter. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
  6. ^ 台湾600多人或被泥石流活埋 : 全村1313人中约千余居民生死不明.
  7. ^ "JMA WWJP25 Advisory 02-08-2009 00z". Japan Meteorological Agency. 2009-08-02. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
  8. ^ a b c "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory 03-08-2009 00z". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2009-08-03. Retrieved 2009-08-03. Cite error: The named reference "STWA03080900z" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  9. ^ "JMA WWJP25 Advisory 02-08-2009 06z". Japan Meteorological Agency. 2009-08-02. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
  10. ^ "JMA WWJP25 Advisory 02-08-2009 12z". Japan Meteorological Agency. 2009-08-02. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
  11. ^ "JMA WWJP25 Advisory 02-08-2009 18z". Japan Meteorological Agency. 2009-08-02. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
  12. ^ "PAGASA Advisory 2009-08-03 21z". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. 2009-08-03. Retrieved 2009-08-09.
  13. ^ "'Kiko' intensifies further, 4 areas under signal 1 - Nation - Official Website of GMA News and Public Affairs - Latest Philippine News". GMANews.TV. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
  14. ^ "'Kiko' death toll rises to 10", ABS-CBN News, August 7, 2009 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |Accessdate= ignored (|accessdate= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  15. ^ "'Kiko' death toll rises to 10; 30K folks affected in Luzon", GMANews.TV, August 7, 2009 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |Accessdate= ignored (|accessdate= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  16. ^ "Landslide, floods kill 12 in RP", Sun Star, August 8, 2009 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |Accessdate= ignored (|accessdate= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  17. ^ a b Central Weather Bureau (2010). "侵台颱風資料庫". Retrieved October 19, 2011.
  18. ^ Unattributed (September 9, 2009). "莫拉克颱風暴雨量及洪流量分析" (PDF). Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Republic of China. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
  19. ^ Unattributed (September 9, 2009). "莫拉克颱風暴雨量及洪流量分析" (PDF). Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Republic of China. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
  20. ^ Chen Zhi (August 2, 2012). "Typhoon Saola dumps heavy downpours around Taiwan". Xinhua General News. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
  21. ^ "首個10月高雄登陸颱風！山陀兒創6大新紀錄 基隆雨量更破78年新高". Yahoo News (in Chinese). 2024-10-04. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  22. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center; Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center (1988). Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1987 (PDF) (Report). United States Navy, United States Air Force. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  23. ^ Lianshou, Chen. Topic 2.1 Observing and forecasting rainfall. Fifth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
  24. ^ "Typhoon Sinlaku Central emergency operation center No.12". Central emergency operation center. September 16, 2008. Retrieved January 13, 2009.
  25. ^ Chiu Yu-Tzu (July 20, 2005). "Haitang fizzles out, leaves Taiwan wet". Taipei Times. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
  26. ^ "Typhoon Morakot lashes Taiwan". CNN. 2009-08-07. Retrieved 2009-08-07.
  27. ^ "Record typhoon rain leaves trail of destruction across Southern Taiwan". Taiwan News. 2009-08-09. Retrieved 2009-08-09.
  28. ^ . The China Post. 2009-08-09 http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2009/08/09/219677/RECORD-RAINS.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-09. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  29. ^ "Taiwan braces for Typhoon Morakot". BBC News. August 7, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-08.
  30. ^ a b Staff Writer (August 10, 2009). "Hundreds missing as typhoon Morakot mudslide buries Taiwan village". Guardian UK. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
  31. ^ Annie Huang (August 10, 2009). "Typhoon pummels Taiwan; 600 missing in mudslide". Taiwan News. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
  32. ^ Staff writer (August 10, 2009). "八八水災／那瑪夏鄉斷水、斷電如孤島　民眾手機簡求救". NOWNews. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
  33. ^ "One million in China flee typhoon". BBC News. 2009-08-09. Retrieved 2009-08-09.
  34. ^ Xuequan, Mu (August 8, 2009), "20,000 evacuated in SE China as typhoon Morakot nears; nine fishermen missing", Xinhua {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |Accessdate= ignored (|accessdate= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  35. ^ "2 dead, 4 missing after typhoon slams Taiwan". CBC. 2009-08-08. Retrieved 2009-08-08.
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