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Communipaw is a section of Jersey City west of Liberty State Park and east of Bergen Hill,[1] and site of one the earliest European settlements in North America. It gives its name to the avenue which runs from its eastern end near LSP Station through the neighborhoods of Bergen-Lafayette and the West Side that then becomes the Lincoln Highway. Communipaw Junction, or simply, The Junction, is an intersection where Communipaw, Summit Avenue, Garfield Avenue, and Grand Street meet, and where the toll house for the Bergen Point Plank Road was situated.


History

Map (c1639) Manhattan situated on the North Rivier with numbered key showing settlements: 27. Farm of Van Vorst; 28. v [sic): 29. Farm of Evertsen; 30. Plantation at Lacher's Hook; 31. Plantation at Paulus Hook; 32. Plantation of Maerytensen.
Modern map showing the situation in 1910, with the village on the cove surrounded by rail-infrastructure.

Lenape

At the time of European settlement in the seventeenth century Communipaw was the site of the summer encampament and counsel fire of the Hackensack Indians.[2]a phratry of the Lenape. They, along with the Raritan, Tappan, Wecquaesgeek, Canarsee and other groups who circulated in the region were collectively known as the River Indians by the immigrating population.

It is likely that the name is based in the Algonquian language Lenape. Earlier spellings are numerous and have included Gamoenapa,[3]Gemonepan,[4] Gemoenepaen,[5] Gamenepaw, Comounepaw, Comounepan [6]Communipau [7], Goneuipan[8] There are a variety of interpretations of the meaning, though most sources relate it to as being from gamunk, on the other side of the river, and pe-auke, water-land, meaning big landing-place from the other side of the river.[9] (Contemporary: gamuck meaning other side of the water or otherside of the river[10] or landing place at the side of a river [11]).

New Netherland

Henry Hudson, commissioned by the Dutch East India Company, sailed along the shore at Communipaw in September 1609 during his explorations of the Upper New York Bay, North River and Hudson Valley. [12] The New Netherland Company maintained a factorij, or trading post there during the 1610s.[13]. In 1634 one of the first "bouweries", or homesteads, in the colony of New Netherland was built at Communipaw as part of Pavonia, a patroonship of Amsterdam businessman Micheal Pauw. (Some have suggested that the name comes from Community of Pauw, which likely is more a coincidence than a fact.[14][15][16][17]) For a time it bore the name of the Dutchman who settled there, Jan Everts Bout.[18], and was called Jan de Lacher's Hoeck.[19], or Jan the Laugher's Point, apparently in reference to his boisterous character. Plantations, worked by enslaved Africans, spread across the low-lying areas between the shoreline and the hill. [20]It was here that Tappan and Wecquaesgeek fleeing dominant tribes from the north had taken refuge in 1643. They were attacked in the incident known as the Pavonia Massacre, subsequently leading to Kieft's War. [21]

Originally, the village of Communipaw was part of the colony belonging to the Dutch West India Company. In 1652, became part of the Commonality of New Amsterdam [22], (which included all the settlements at Pavonia, Manhattan, Staten Island, and Long Island), a separate village in 1658 [23] [24], under the jurisdiction of the Bergen, town established at contemporary Bergen Square. After the last British take-over of New Netherland in 1674 it became part of the Province of New Jersey, in the county of Bergen, though it retained its Dutch character for hundreds of years. Washington Irving visited it often (at least once with future US president Martin van Buren) for inspiration. Writing in the early 1800s, he often referred to Communipaw as being the stronghold of traditional Dutch culture. [25] John Quidor, an American Romantic painter created works inspired the village: Embarkation from Communipaw and The Voyage from Communipaw to Hell Gate. Suydam Street, which can translate as south dam runs for one block in the off Communipaw Avenue. Is taken early Dutch family, whose descendent, Rev. J. Howard Suydam, D.D,, was member and historian of the the Holland Society of New York. [26]

CRRNJ

Communipaw Terminal at Liberty State Park

Originally, the waters of the Upper New York Bay facing the village (situated near the site of today's Liberty Science Center) hosted vast oyster beds that were harvested well into the 19th century. [27] As it was industrialized, first with the construction of ports and later with rail infrastructure, the shoreline was expanded with landfill, notably by the Lehigh Valley Railroad and the Central Railroad of New Jersey. Communipaw Terminal, officially known as the Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal, was the waterfront terminus. The monument, along with the Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island recalls the period of massive emigration to the United States. The cove just to the south of the station is sometimes still called Communipaw Cove. The railroad also maintained a Communipaw Station in the neighborhood farther inland [28] along the right of way now used by the Hudson Bergen Light Rail. Johnston Avenue is named for an early president of the company.

Communipaw-Lafayette

Communipaw was part of Bergen City, New Jersey during its brief incarnation between 1855-1870 before merging with Jersey City, and was urbanized during the late half of the 19th century. Some streets of the neighborhood are part of the Communipaw-Lafayette Historic District. [29]Lafayette Park is likely named for the Marquis de Lafayette, who was stationed in Bergen in 1799,[30] and later re-visited in 1824[31][32][33] A city square similar to Van Vorst Park and Hamilton Park the buildings surrounding it were constructed in different periods. Whitlock Cordage [34] is an intact complex of industrial buildings built in the Lafayette section along the long ago filled Morris Canal.[35][36] The Housing Trust of America purchased the property to preserve the structures as affordable housing. The section was the site of an African-American burial ground.[37]Ficken's Warehouse, once site of Bergen City's main post office, is on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hudson County, New Jersey.

See also

  • {{Infobox road/shieldmain/|province=¬|state=NJ Hudson|type=|county=|route=612|subtype=}}
    {{Infobox road/name/|province=¬|state=NJ Hudson|type=|subtype=|route=612|county=}}
    Communipaw Avenue
    Route information
    Length1.94 mi[38] (3.12 km)
    Major junctions
    Major intersections CR 501
      

    References

    1. ^ · HC areas map
    2. ^ Ruttenber,E.M.,Indian Tribes of Hudson's River, ISBN 0-910746-98-2 (Hope Farm Press, 3rd ed, 2001)
    3. ^ Ruttenber,E.M.,Indian Tribes of Hudson's River, ISBN 0-910746-98-2 (Hope Farm Press, 3rd ed, 2001)
    4. ^ Joan F. Doherty, Hudson County The Left Bank, ISBN 0-89781-172-0 (Windsor Publications, Inc., 1986)
    5. ^ Joan F. Doherty, Hudson County The Left Bank, ISBN 0-89781-172-0 (Windsor Publications, Inc., 1986)
    6. ^ New Jersey Colonial Records, East Jersey Records: Part 1-Volume 21, Calender of Records 1664-1702
    7. ^ http://www.cityofjerseycity.org/oldberg/chapter15.shtml
    8. ^ www.nj.gov/state/darm/links/pdf/pasevensettledtowns.pdf
    9. ^ http://www.archive.org/stream/fourchaptersofpa00shri/fourchaptersofpa00shri_djvu.txt
    10. ^ The Lenape/English Dictionary http://www.gilwell.com/lenape
    11. ^ http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~njmorris/general_info/indian.htm
    12. ^ http://www.jerseycityonline.com/jc_history.htm
    13. ^ McKinley, Albert E. (October 1900). "The English and Dutch Towns of New Netherland". American Historical Review. 6: 1–18. Retrieved 27.02.2009. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
    14. ^ http://members.home.nl/pushkar/oranje11.html#1626
    15. ^ http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/m/y/e/Ron-C-Myers/GENE31-0099.html
    16. ^ Gannett, Ganett, Henry, The Origin of Certain Place Names in The United States
    17. ^ Writers' Program (U.S.) New Jersey. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names Trenton , NJ, New Jersey Public Library Commission, 1945. ... www.njstatelib.org/NJ_Information/Digital_Collections/Digidox7.php
    18. ^ Jan Evertsen Bout at Pavonia
    19. ^ Communipaw
    20. ^ Hodges, Graham Rusell (1999). "Free People and Slaves, 1613-1664". Dutch New York:Roots and Branch:African Americans in New York and East Jersey. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 9. ISBN 0-8078-4778-X. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |co-publisher= (help)
    21. ^ http://www.greenapple.com/~cshart/ROOTVIEW/HTML/i0770nt.htm
    22. ^ Russell Shorto (2004). The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony that Shaped America. Random House. ISBN 1-4000-7867-9.
    23. ^ http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nycoloni/annals.html
    24. ^ http://www.dinsdoc.com/mckinley-2.html</://.jerseycityonline.com/jc_history.htm JC History]
    25. ^ http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Knickerbocker%27s_History_of_New_York/Book_II/Chapter_II
    26. ^ Vookles, Laura (2009). Dutch New York The Roots of Hudson Valley Culture. Yonkers, New York: Hudson River Museum. pp. 275, 279. ISBN 978-0-8232-3039-6. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
    27. ^ Kurlansky, Mark, The Big Oyster, ISBN978-0-345-47639-5, Random House Trade paerpbacks, New York, 2006
    28. ^ List of stations on the Central Railroad of New Jersey. (2009, August 14). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 12:31, November 21, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_stations_on_the_Central_Railroad_of_New_Jersey&oldid=307851840
    29. ^ NJ State Register of Historic Places in Hudson County
    30. ^ Battle with British
    31. ^ Aplple Tree House
    32. ^ Harriet Phillips Eaton, Jersey City And Its Historic Sites, 1899:
    33. ^ Grundy, J. Owen (1975). The History of Jersey City (1609 - 1976). Jersey City: Walter E. Knight. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |co-publisher= ignored (help)
    34. ^ "Jersey City History: The Whitlock Cordage". The Jersey City Landmarks Conservancy. 2007. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
    35. ^ [1]
    36. ^ JC Online
    37. ^ Underground Railroad in JC
    38. ^ "Hudson County 612 straight line diagram" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2009-08-15.

    External links

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