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STS-132

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STS-132
COSPAR ID2010-019A Edit this at Wikidata
SATCAT no.36572Edit this on Wikidata
End of mission

STS-132 (ISS assembly flight ULF4)[3] is the current Space Shuttle mission, which docked with the International Space Station on May 16, 2010.[4] It was launched from the Kennedy Space Center on 14 May 2010.[1] The primary payload is the Russian Rassvet Mini-Research Module along with an Integrated Cargo Carrier-Vertical Light Deployable (ICC-VLD). STS-132 is the first US spaceflight since STS-97 to have only veteran astronauts (astronauts that have flown at least one previous mission) on board.

STS-132 is scheduled to be the final flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis provided that the STS-335 Launch On Need rescue mission is not flown.

Crew

Position[5] Crewmember
Commander Kenneth Ham
Second spaceflight
Pilot Dominic A. "Tony" Antonelli
Second spaceflight
Mission Specialist 1 Garrett Reisman
Second spaceflight
EV1
Mission Specialist 2 Michael T. Good
Second spaceflight
Flight Engineer/EV3
Mission Specialist 3 Stephen G. Bowen
Second spaceflight
EV2
Mission Specialist 4 Piers Sellers
Third spaceflight
Loadmaster/Lead robotics officer
On 11 August 2009, Karen Nyberg was replaced by Michael Good as Mission Specialist 1 due to a temporary medical condition.[6]

Crew seat assignments


File:Shuttle seat assignments.gif
Seats 1–4 are on the Flight Deck. Seats 5–7 are on the Middeck. 		Seat[7] Launch Landing
S1 Kenneth Ham Kenneth Ham
S2 Dominic Antonelli Dominic Antonelli
S3 Garrett Reisman Piers Sellers
S4 Michael Good Michael Good
S5 Stephen Bowen Stephen Bowen
S6 Piers Sellers Garrett Reisman

Mission parameters

Mission poster
  • Shuttle liftoff weight: 4,519,769 pounds (2,050,133 kg)[8]
  • Orbiter/payload liftoff weight: 263,100 pounds (119,300 kg)
  • Orbiter/payload landing weight: 209,491 pounds (95,024 kg)
  • Payload weight: 26,615 pounds (12,072 kg)

Mission payload

Mini-Research Module 1 (MRM 1)

Main article: Rassvet (ISS module)

STS-132 is scheduled to carry the Russian Mini-Research Module 1 to the International Space Station.[9] MRM 1 is named Rassvet, which means "dawn" in Russian. It was built by the Russian aerospace company Energia.[10] MRM 1 arrived at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) aboard an Antonov 124 cargo plane on 17 December 2009 at about 13:00 EST.[11] After it was unloaded from the Antonov, the module was transported to an Astrotech processing bay in Cape Canaveral to undergo preparations for launch.

An airlock and radiation heat exchanger to be used for outfitting the Russian Nauka Module (to be launched in 2012), a spare elbow part of the European Robotic Arm (ERA) and a portable work platform for science hardware for performing experiments in the outer space will be externally mounted on MRM1 in its launch configuration.[12] Russian and US cargo to be delivered will also be accommodated inside the module. The volume for cargo and science hardware storage on MRM1 is 5 cubic meters.[13] MRM1 has Grapple fixtures to ensure the module unloading from Atlantis and mating to the Zarya module after the Space Shuttle undocking from the ISS.

Integrated Cargo Carrier-Vertical Light Deployable (ICC-VLD)

ICC-VLD launch and return configurations

Also on board Atlantis will be the Integrated Cargo Carrier-Vertical Light Deployable (ICC-VLD) pallet holding a Ku-band Space to Ground Antenna (SGANT), SGANT boom assembly, Enhanced Orbital replacement Unit (ORU) Temporary Platform (EOTP) for the Canadian Dextre robotic arm extension, Video and Power Grapple fixtures (PVGF) and six new battery ORUs. The six new batteries will replace older ones on the P6 truss of the ISS. The old batteries will be placed on the ICC-VLD pallet for return to Earth. The EOTP was built by MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (MDA) of Brampton, Ontario, Canada, for NASA.[14]

The ICC pallet is constructed of aluminum. It is approximately 8 feet long, 13 feet wide and 10 inches thick. The empty weight of the pallet is 2,645 pounds. The total weight of ICC–VLD and the ORUs is approximately 8,330 pounds. ICC-VLD return mass is 2933 kg.

The ICC-VLD will be berthed in the center of the payload bay for both launch and reentry.[15]

Other items

In addition to the standard Official Flight Kit (OFK) flown inside a locker on the mid-deck, two Light Weight Tool Stowage Assemblies were modified to fly memorabilia and then were stowed to the left and right of Atlantis' airlock in the shuttle's payload bay.[16]

A compact disk (CD) containing the digital copies of all entries submitted to NASA's Space Shuttle Program Commemorative Patch Contest[17] will be flown aboard Atlantis.[18] The contest was organized the Space Shuttle Program to mark the end of the shuttle era. The winning patch was designed by Mr. Blake Dumesnil of Hamilton Sundstrand, Johnson Space Center.[19] A panel of NASA judges who included shuttle program manager John Shannon, Leroy Cain and three other shuttle program managers including former astronaut John Casper, selected the winning patch from a pool of 85 entries by NASA employees and contractors.

Seventeen handcrafted beads made by nine different artists across North America will be on board Atlantis' STS-132 mission.[20][21] NASA teamed up with Beads of Courage, Inc. an approved public charity to bring hope and inspiration to children coping with serious illnesses through the Beads in Space project. The Beads in Space project is the idea of Jamie Newton, an employee at the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. The 17 beads weigh eight ounces and were selected after a contest organized by Beads of Courage that attracted 54 beads.

On board Atlantis will be a 4-inch long wood sample of Sir Isaac Newton's apple tree. The piece from the original tree that supposedly inspired Newton's theory of gravity, along with a picture of Newton, will be taken into orbit by astronaut Piers Sellers. The wood is part of the collection of the Royal Society archives in London, and will be returned there following the flight.[22]

A flag from Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, will fly on board shuttle Atlantis.[23] It will be there in honor of STS-132 lead shuttle flight director, Michael L. Sarafin, who is an alumnus of the Clarkson University.

A comprehensive list of STS-132 items that will be carried aboard Atlantis and their descriptions can be found in the Official Flight Kit.[24]

  • MRM 1 in the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) at Kennedy Space Center.
    MRM 1 in the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) at Kennedy Space Center.
  • MRM 1 in the Astrotech payload processing facility.
    MRM 1 in the Astrotech payload processing facility.
  • ICC-VLD was first carried on STS-127 in July 2009.
    ICC-VLD was first carried on STS-127 in July 2009.
  • Winner of the Space Shuttle Program Commemorative Patch Contest
    Winner of the Space Shuttle Program Commemorative Patch Contest

Mission background

The mission marks:

  • 163rd American manned space flight
  • 132nd shuttle mission since STS-1
  • 32nd flight of Atlantis
  • 34th shuttle mission to the ISS
  • 11th flight of Atlantis to the ISS
  • 3rd shuttle flight in 2010
  • 107th post-Challenger mission
  • 19th post-Columbia mission

NASA arranged a Tweetup to cover the launch of the STS-132 mission. 150 people attended the event from more than 30 US states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Belgium, the Netherlands, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The Tweetup participants met with shuttle technicians, managers, engineers and astronauts, took a tour of the Kennedy Space Center and viewed the launch of Atlantis.[25]

Mission experiments

Atlantis crew will work with several short-term experiments during their mission. The shuttle will transport new long-term experiments to the ISS. At the end of the mission, the shuttle will return some of the completed experiments from the ISS.

Short-term experiments include:

  • Micro-2: Researchers from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute will send microorganisms to investigate new ways of preventing the formation and spread of clusters of bacteria (biofilms), that could pose a threat to the health of astronauts.[26] After the shuttle lands, the resulting biofilms will be examined to see how their growth and development were impacted by microgravity.
  • Hypersole: Hypersole is a Canadian research project that plans to investigate sudden changes in skin sensitivity experienced by some astronauts in space.[27] The researchers hope to understand more about how the skin sensitivity of the soles of the feet affect the human balance. Three STS-132 crew members will participate in identical trials before the launch and immediately upon landing. The trials will also be repeated on five astronauts scheduled to fly on STS-133 and STS-134 missions. Project findings are expected to add significant knowledge to existing studies of aging and to be beneficial for the elderly and people who suffer from balance problems.

Shuttle processing

ET 136 arrives at the Vehicle Assembly Building.
Atlantis leaves behind OPF-1 on its move to the Vehicle Assembly Building.
Space Shuttle Atlantis at Launch Pad 39A

Atlantis' External Tank (ET 136) built to help launch Atlantis began its 900-mile (1,400 km), six-day journey across the Gulf of Mexico from NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans, Louisiana, on 24 February 2010.[28][29] ET 136 measures 154 feet long and 28 feet in diameter. The solid rocket booster retrieval ship Liberty Star, towed the ET in the enclosed barge Pegasus. After docking in the turn basin at the Kennedy Space Center, the tank was offloaded and driven to the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) on 1 March 2010.[30]

On 29 March 2010, workers attached ET 136 to its solid rocket boosters. A crane lifted the ET into high bay No. 1 inside the VAB. The day-long process was completed around 18:00 EDT as the tank was bolted to the Atlantis's twin solid rocket boosters.[31]

Atlantis rolled out of its processing bay (OPF-1) around 07:00 EDT on 13 April 2010. The shuttle entered the VAB around 11:00 EDT for attachment to its external tank and solid rocket boosters.[32] Given that this is potentially Atlantis' final rollover for a mission, the shuttle stopped for several hours en route to the VAB allowing engineers and technicians to pose for photographs with the orbiter.[33] The rollover occurred exactly 25 years after Atlantis first arrived at the Kennedy Space Center after a cross-country trip from the shuttle factory in Palmdale, California.[34] The path to rollover was without any incidents of major concern, with only 22 Interim Problem Reports (IPRs) noted during Atlantis' flow since returning from the STS-129 mission in November 2009.

The transport canister containing the STS-132 payload arrived at Pad 39A on 15 April 2010 ahead of Atlantis' rollover to the launch pad.[35] The canister is shaped like the shuttle's 60-foot-long payload bay. Packed inside it was MRM1 and the cargo-carrying pallet ICC-VLD.

Space shuttle Atlantis began its trip, known as the rollout, to launch pad 39A at 23:31 EDT on 21 April 2010.[36] The complete shuttle stack and mobile launch platform were secured to the launch pad 39A structure at 6:03 EDT on 22 April 2010. The 3.4 mi (5.5 km) trek took 6 hours and 32 minutes to complete. The rollout was originally planned for 19 April 2010 evening, but wet weather and thunder storms on the Space Coast caused several delays.[37][38]

STS-131's payload was installed in the shuttle's cargo bay on 25 April 2010.[39]

Pad engineers preparing Atlantis had noticed paint peeling from shuttle's main payload, the MRM-1 module. Although the problem was declared to have no impact on the operation of MRM-1, it holds a potential threat of releasing debris on orbit.[40] Engineers also noted MRM-1 cycled its Fire and Smoke detector self test several times. Similar events occurred during Atlantis' STS-129 mission in November 2009 when Shuttle and Station crew were awakened consecutive nights by false depressurization and fire alarms that originated from the MRM-2 (Poisk) module.

The agency wide Flight Readiness Review (FRR) was held at KSC in Florida on 5 May 2010 to discuss Atlantis' launch preparations. At the end of the review, top NASA managers made the decision to officially set the launch for 14 May 2010 at 14:20 EDT.[41][42] NASA held a post news conference to brief about the results of the FRR. The briefing was broadcasted on NASA TV and was attended by NASA's Associate Administrator for Space Operations, William Gerstenmaier, Space Shuttle Program Manager John Shannon and Space Shuttle Launch Director, Michael Leinbach. Mr. Shannon mentioned that (1) ceramic inserts around Atlantis' windows and forward rocket pod were tested after an insert loosened during Discovery's re-entry on STS-131, posing a potential impact threat. The inserts had been re-installed on to Atlantis using a thicker braided cord to reduce the chances of a backing out. (2) Engineers had reviewed work to confirm that all systems on Atlantis' Ku-band antenna were in place. The testing had been provoked after the failure of that communication system during STS-131. Mr. Leinbach also acknowledged the skills and experience of the engineering teams and thanked the engineers who had successfully resolved hypergolic loading issues.[43] Hypergolics are chemicals that ignite when they come in contact with each other. The propellants are used in the reaction control system that steers the shuttle in space.

A booster rocket segment that first flew 25 years ago on Atlantis' maiden flight STS-51-J will also help to fly STS-132.[44] The aft dome on the left solid rocket booster will lift off to support Atlantis' STS-132 mission first launched STS-51-J on 3 October 1985. Including STS-132, 18 of Atlantis' 32 flights are represented by the boosters' segments.

Launch preparations

Technicians prepare to close Atlantis' payload bay doors for launch.

Atlantis' astronauts traveled from Johnson Space Center, Houston to the KSC launch site on 10 May 2010 to prepare for the launch. The crew arriving in four T-38 jets landed on the Shuttle Landing Facility around 18:49 EDT.[45]

The official countdown to liftoff started on 11 May 2010 after the countdown clocks at KSC were activated at 16:00 EDT, ticking backward from the T-43 hour mark.

Program managers completed the L-2 Mission Management Team (MMT) meeting on 12 May 2010.[46] At the end of the 18 minute long meeting management team officially cleared Atlantis for launch. NASA held a pre-launch news conference to reveal the outcomes of the MMT and to brief the press on the upcoming launch. The news conference was attended by Chair, pre-launch mission management team, Mike Moses, Mike Leinbach and STS-132 weather officer, Todd McNamara. The weather officer spoke of a favorable launch weather forecast due to a high pressure weather pattern and despite a low cloud ceiling, calling a 70 percent chance of favorable conditions at launch time. He further elaborated on the predicted weather conditions at the Transoceanic Abort Landing (TAL) sites: Zaragoza and Moron in Spain, and Istres, France, in case of an emergency.

The Space Shuttle Program MMT met at 04:15 EDT on 14 May 2010 and gave a go to begin loading shuttle Atlantis' ET with liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. The fuel tanking operation began on time at 04:55 EDT and was completed within three hours at 07:56 EDT with replenishment fuel being added throughout the countdown.

Crew preparations for the launch day began at 05:00 EDT following an eight hour overnight sleep. An hour later they completed their final medical check ups. Crew suiting began around 10:00 EDT and the astronauts departed for the launch pad at 10:30 EDT. At around 11:00 EDT, first Commander Ham ingressed the shuttle first and strapped into his seat followed by pilot Antonelli, mission specialists Bowen, Sellers, Reisman and Good in order. Inside the orbiter, all six astronauts performed checks with ground controllers to verify that communications links work properly. With all astronauts onboard, Atlantis' hatch was closed and latched for the flight. Inside the White Room, the closeout crew finished their job by pressurizing the crew cabin and checking for leaks before leaving the pad.

Launch day countdown procedures went without any major problems however Atlantis encountered two minor issues. The Final Inspection Team looking for ice & frost buildup on the ET had spotted a small stress fracture on an umbilical strut. Later during the post-launch news conference, chair of NASA's pre-launch mission management team, Mike Moses said that it was not unusual. Engineers also resolved any concerns about a ball bearing found near the shuttle's payload bay days earlier. The bearing was determined to likely be from a camera system, and was ultimately ruled out as a concern.

Mission timeline

14 May (Flight Day 1 – Launch)

The Space Shuttle external tank falls away (1 min 16 secs)
Launch video (9 mins 57 secs)
Space Shuttle Atlantis launches from Kennedy Space Center, May 14, 2010.

Launch of the Space Shuttle Atlantis occurred on time at 18:20 UTC [47][48] with launch commentator George Diller's words upon launch being "liftoff of space shuttle Atlantis, reaching the crest of its historic achievements in space". Powered flight conformed to the standard timeline (see Space Shuttle – Mission Profile – Launch), with main engine cutoff (MECO) occurring at eight minutes and 23 seconds Mission Elapsed Time (MET). A further boost from the Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) engines was not required due to the nominal MECO and Atlantis settled into its planned preliminary orbit. A subsequent NC-1 engine firing of about 26 seconds adjusted the orbital path of the shuttle to the International Space Station (ISS), by altering the shuttle's velocity by about 41 ft/s (12 m/s).

NASA held a post launch news conference with Bill Gerstenmaier, Alexey Krasnov, chief of Piloted Programs Directorate, Russian Federal Space Agency, Mike Moses and Mike Leinbach. During the conference Gerstenmaier made mention of a piece of space junk that may add a bit more complexity to Atlantis' planned arrival at the ISS.[49]

More than 39,000 guests that included Television host David Letterman, astronaut Buzz Aldrin, and former NASA administrator Mike Griffin witnessed the launch.[50] Russian deputy prime minister, Sergei Ivanov and the head of the Russian Space Federal Agency Anatoly Perminov were also present at KSC.[51]

Once in orbit the crew opened the payload bay doors, activated the radiators and deployed the Ku band antenna successfully. They also completed checkout of orbiter's Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS). The crew was also successful in down-linking all imagery from Atlantis' umbilical well cameras and crew video of the ET for review by imagery experts in the ground.[52] Preliminary inspections showed that ET 136 was very clean and had performed well during the ascent with only a few foam liberation incidents visible.

15 May (Flight Day 2 – TPS survey)

Atlantis' cargo bay and its vertical stabilizer.
File:STS132 FD2 pinched cable 1.jpg
Snapped cable in the sensor package pan and tilt unit.

The crew members aboard Atlantis began their first full day in space at 4:20 a.m. EDT.[53] The day was primarily devoted to inspecting Atlantis’s thermal protection system using the shuttle's robotic arm and the Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) to look for any signs of launch damage. Before the thermal protection checkout began, the crew encountered a problem with the Laser Dynamic Range Imager (LDRI) and the Intensified TV Camera (ITVC) because of a snagged cable in that system's pan and tilt unit.[54] As a result, mission control decided to switch to the less-capable backup sensor system: sensor package 2, a laser camera and a digital camera mounted near the end of the OBSS. Sensor package 2 requires an additional light source such as daylight, has a resolution of a few millimeters and can scan at about 2.5 inches per second.[55] The crew followed "late inspection" procedures for surveying and images of the right wing, the nose cap and much of the left wing were sent to the ground for detailed analysis.

Commander Kenneth Ham installed the centerline camera in the Orbiter Docking System (ODS) to help him during Atlantis' approach to the ISS. Down on the shuttle's middeck, Good and Bowen spent several hours checking out spacesuits and preparing them for transfer to the station. Reisman spent much of his day working with Antonelli and Ham on the TPS survey. He also managed to spend some time helping with the suit and spacewalk equipment checkouts. The crew also performed the ODS ring extension that will connect the shuttle's docking port to the station's Harmony module. The last portion of the crew day was spent preparing and checking out all of the tools used during rendezvous.

Two course correction burns were also be performed on Flight Day 2. The first 10 second NC-2 burn was performed using the right-hand OMS engine, changing the shuttle's speed by 8 feet per second. The burn raised both the apogee and perigee of shuttle's orbit by 1 mile. Atlantis' reaction control jets were again fired for a second time to execute the eight second NC-3 burn which changed the shuttle's velocity by about two feet per second.

Mission Control managers determined that the ISS will not need an avoidance maneuver to avoid a piece of orbital debris. Updated tracking information showed that the ISS and debris won't pass close enough the next day to require any action.

16 May (Flight Day 3 – Docking)

  • Rendezvous with the International Space Station
  • Rendezvous Pitch Maneuver Photography of Atlantis’ Thermal Protection System by Expedition 23 crew members Creamer and Kotov
  • Docking to Harmony/Pressurized Mating Adapter-2, hatch Opening and welcoming
  • Canadarm2 grapple of the ICC-VLD, unberthing from Atlantis’ payload bay and temporary park on the Mobile Base System’s payload attachment device
  • EVA 1 preparations by Reisman and Bowen
  • EVA 1 procedure review
  • EVA 1 campout by Reisman and Bowen in the Quest airlock

Spacewalks

At least three spacewalks are planned to stage spare components outside the station, including six spare batteries, a boom assembly for the Ku-band antenna and spares for the Canadian Dextre robotic arm extension.[56]

EVA[57] Spacewalkers Start (UTC) End (UTC) Duration
EVA 1
 Garrett Reisman
Steve Bowen 		Flight day 4 TBA TBD 6.5 hours (planned)
Reisman and Bowen will install a spare space-to-ground Ku-band antenna on the station's truss, or backbone. Then they will install a new tool platform on Dextre. The spacewalkers will break the torque on bolts holding batteries in place on the truss, in preparation for their removal and replacement on the second and third spacewalks. Battery preparation work was deferred from STS-131 to this flight.
EVA 2
 Steve Bowen
Michael Good 		Flight day 6 TBA TBD 6.5 hours (planned)
Bowen and Good will remove and replace three of the six batteries on the port truss to store electricity from the solar arrays on that truss. The used batteries will be installed on the cargo carrier for return to Earth on Atlantis.
EVA 3
 Michael Good
Garrett Reisman 		Flight day 8 TBA TBD 6.5 hours (planned)
Good and Reisman will install the final three new batteries on the truss and put the old batteries on the carrier. Next, if time permits, they will retrieve a grapple fixture from Atlantis' payload bay and bring it inside the station for use as a spare.

Mission insignia

The STS-132 mission patch was designed by NASA artist Sean Collins working with astronaut Garrett Reisman.[57] The patch shows Atlantis flying towards a sunset landing, with the names of the STS-132 astronauts around the border.

Wake-up calls

A tradition for NASA human spaceflights since the days of Gemini, mission crews are played a special musical track at the start of each day in space. Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.[58][59]

Flight Day Song Artist Played for Links
Day 2
 “You're My Home” Billy Joel Kenneth Ham WAV, MP3
TRANSCRIPT
Day 3
 “Sweet Home Alabama” Lynyrd Skynyrd Dominic A. "Tony" Antonelli WAV, MP3
TRANSCRIPT

See also

Wikinews has related news:

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  54. ^ William Harwood (May 15, 2010). "Astronauts resort to Plan B for inspecting Atlantis". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved May 16, 2010.
  55. ^ NASA (May 15, 2010). "STS-132 MCC Status Report #03". Retrieved May 16, 2010.
  56. ^ NASA (September 2009). "Remaining Space Shuttle Missions" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved October 16, 2009.
  57. ^ a b NASA. "STS-132 Mission Summary (PDF)" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 2010-04-22.
  58. ^ "Chronology of Wakeup Calls". NASA. 2005-08-02. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
  59. ^ "STS-130 Wakeup Calls". NASA. April 5, 2010. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
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