Rock en español

Rock en español is the Spanish-language rock music. While the term is used widely in English, it is used in Spanish mainly to distinguish such music from "Anglo rock." It is a style of rock music that developed in Latin American countries and Latino communities, along with other genres like Caribbean ska, reggae, and soca. It belongs to the broader category of Ibero-American rock. Successful musicians and bands playing in this genre are often noted for being "crossover" artists, as this genre inherently bridges both linguistic and cultural boundaries.

History

Regional scenes (1950s–1970s)

Rock in Spanish began in 1958, when Ritchie Valens a Mexican born in California recorded Mexican folk song "La Bamba," popularizing Spanish-language rock music throughout Latin America. That year, Daniel Flores, another son of Mexican immigrants born in California, often called the "Godfather of Latin Rock," performed his hit song "Tequila," introducing this music to the United States.

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The first Rock bands in Latin America were created in the late 50s and early 60s. Since 1959, several Mexican groups like Los Teen Tops, Los Blue Caps and Los Locos del Ritmo recorded Spanish versions of rock classics by Elvis, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, and Buddy Holly among others, which gained them popularity in Latin America. Successful covers included La Plaga (Good Golly Miss Molly) and Popotitos (Bony Moronie). In 1960, Argentinian Sandro de América, a rock musician with a very sensual style influenced by Elvis, later developed a style of pop music called Balada romántica Latinoamericana (Latin American romantic ballad). I

In this decade the Mexican (later US citizen) Carlos Santana played in the bars and clubs of California. He recorded a disc with songs in Spanish and English titled Abraxas, and was one of the first Mexicans or Latin Americans who played Latin rock and rock in Spanish around the world.

In the early 60s, a style of commercial rock music called Nueva ola (New wave) became popular in several Latin American countries. In Spain, the mid-1960s produced the bands Los Bravos, Los Brincos, Bruno Lomas y Los Rockeros, Los Canarios, Los Cheyennes, Fórmula V, Lone Star, Micky y Los Tonys, Los Mustang, Los Pekenikes, Pop Tops, Los Salvajes and Los Sírex.

In the late 60s, the mexican Carlos Santana further popularized the Latin rock genre. Although he does not does not consider himself a Rock en Español musician, he is a traditional Latin musician that has fused rock guitar with classic Latin American songs. His hit song "Oye Como Va" is an example of Santana's fusion, being a song composed by famous Latin jazz and mambo musician Tito Puente. Other mexicans bands like Los Lobos and the Malo group plays in parts of United States and the radio,In Mexico other groups like La Revolucion de Emiliano Zapata, Three Souls in my Mind, Toncho Pilatos, Javier Batiz(he is the teacher of Santana in Tijuana), Peace and Love,^{[disambiguation needed]} and others playing songs in Spanish and English, in 1969, Santana plays in the Woodstock Festival with others mundial rock legends like Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane or The Who, this festivals made in countries of Europe, Canada, United States and Mexico with rock in english have a influence in the rock in Spanish in the after decades.

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_de_Woodstock http://www.maph49.galeon.com/avandaro/avandaroa.html

The late 60s in Argentina brought a movement called "rock nacional" (Argentinean national rock). With a distinct musical style, it has become one of the most popular styles in that country, along with tango and folk music. Bands and musicians responsible for the movement are Los Gatos (led by Litto Nebbia), Arco Iris (led by Gustavo Santaolalla), Almendra (led by Luis Alberto Spinetta), Vox Dei, Sui Generis and Seru Giran (both led by Charly García). Argentinian national rock is linked with the sexual revolution of that country and the spirit of freedom against military dictatorships.

Internationalization (80s)

File:Signos.jpg

Map of venues of the Soda Stereo's Signos Tour (1986–1988). The Signos Tour was one the first all-Latin America tours that helped to popularize Rock en Español and create an international scene.

After the Falklands War in 1982, Argentine rock was reborn with bands like Soda Stereo, Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota, Los Fabulosos Cadillacs, Sumo and others singers like Andres Calamaro and Fito Paez. The fall of the Nueva canción movement the rise of the music industry in Latin America favoured the spread of "new" Caribbean styles (Cumbia, Salsa, Merengue) but also of Spanish language rock across the region.

It was from Argentina, where the most developed music industry and rock scene was, that Spanish language rock begun to be intenationalized crossing the boundaries of countries to which each band had previously been more less limited to. Soda Stereo is largely credited to be the first Spanish language rock band to gain widespread popularity across Latin America. Following Soda a series of other bands from Argentina, but also notably from Mexico, begun to grow audiences all across the Americas. Rock bands from Spain that flourished during and after La Movida Madrileña failed to gain popularity in Latin America during the 80s.

ZERIMAR The original pure Rock en Español (all Spanish lyrics) began in San Francisco then relocating to Los Angeles in 1983. Fronted by 3 talented brothers: Fred, Chris & Marty Ramirez. The band began as Teleport and everything was in English. Convinced by their manager at the time (record executive and Canadian as well) David Forman to just translate the lyrics and sing the songs in Spanish, they would have a shot. They did, signed onto Clásica Moderna (later to be distributed by WEA International) and the music from their one and only record Ritmo Peligroso took off on Spanish language radio stations beginning in 1987. Budweiser used their songs for commercials as well. This was the beginning, La Movida Moderna.

Recent times (90s onward)

The final amalgamation into a coherent international scene was helped by the introduction of MTV Latin America in 1993, where the first^[3] video shown; We are Sudamerican rockers by Los Prisioneros reflected its aims to create a Latin American scene. In the late 90s, MTV created the Latino Award in the MTV Video Music Awards and Premios MTV Latinoamérica in 2002, awards that recognize the talent and achievements of the genre.

In the 90s bands like Los Rodríguez and Héroes del Silencio bridged the gap between Spain and Spanish-speaking America by being the first rock bands to become popular both in the Americas and Europe.

In the late 80s to mid 90s, bands like Robi Draco Rosa, Caifanes, Café Tacuba, La Ley, initiated a new stage of Latin rock by broadening its international appeal. Since then, successful bands and musicians include Juanes (Colombia), Libido (Peru), Maná (Mexico), Jaguares (Mexico), Aterciopelados (Colombia), Bersuit Vergarabat (Argentina), Jorge Drexler (Uruguay), and Los Tres (Chile) among others.

In the 90s, rock bands experimented with fusing rock music and Latin American folk and African rhythms, with bands like Divididos, Las Pelotas, Los Piojos, Bersuit Vergarabat, Babasónicos, Catupecu Machu and La Renga.

Rock en español in the United States

Rock en español borrows heavily from rock and roll music and traditional and popular music of Spanish-speaking countries such as Cumbia, Ranchera, Rumba, and tango. In its 50 year history, it has evolved from having a cult-like following to being a more well established music genre.

Chicano rock

Chicano Rock Music is rock music performed by Mexican American groups or music with themes derived from Chicano culture. Chicano Rock, to a great extent, does not refer to any single style or approach. Some of the groups do not sing in Spanish at all, or use any specific Latin instruments or sounds. The main unifying factor, whether or not any Latin American music is heard, is a strong R&B influence, and a rather independent and rebellious approach to making music.

Other variations

References

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[3] Los Prisioneros, Allmusic

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